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Colonial experience

Spanish Colonization:

Highlands

From Peru (Lima, Cuzco)

Concentrated Andean communities

Two Republics: Indians / Spaniards

Encomienda; mita; ayllu or indigenous community

Lowlands

From the River Plate region

Fewer riches (i.e.: minerals or spices)

Nomadic peoples

Exception: Jesuit Missions, as larger colonization outposts

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Jesuit Missions

Caught between the Spanish &Portuguese empires

Offered alternative to nomadic life

Prosperous economically Jesuits had material and spiritual control of

the Indians under their charge

Members of the state and slave-tradersresented the Jesuits

Expulsion (extraamiento) of the Jesuits

(1767)

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Independence in LA

1808: no legitimate King / loss of imperial center Multiple claims on legitimate rule

1809-1825; except Cuba & Puerto Rico (1898)

Liberators (Sucre & Bolvar; San Martn; etc) Social revolution or elite change?

Attempts to establish liberal nations

How do colonies become nations? What will Latin American nations look like?