ENGLISH MODULE

UNIT 1

Talking about habits

&

Adverbs to express attitude

Compiled by: Theresia Riya Vernalita Herwanti, S.Pd

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[English Module, Unit 1] Page 2

GRAMMAR

TALKING ABOUT HABITS

There are some ways to talk about habits:

I. Used to OR would + infinitive

• General use:

We use used to and would to talk about habits or repeated actions

in the past.

USED TO

Used to + infinitive is used to talk about habits or repeated actions

in the past.

Example:

• He used to smoke, but now he stops.

• I used to play soccer with them.

• Used to (with permanent state)

If we talk about state or situation (verbs such as be/ think/ love/

hate/ want, etc), we can only use used to.

Example:

• She used to be an intellectual person.

• When I was six, I used to love Barbie doll.

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WOULD

1. Remember would is a modal auxiliary verb. So:

There is no –s in verbs of the third person singular

Questions and negatives are made without do

After would, we use the infinitive without to

2. Remember, we cannot use ‘would’ to talk about permanent state

or situation (state verbs).

X When I was a kid, I would think that fairy’s real.

When I was a kid, I used to think that fairy’s real.

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3. Would is only used for expressing repeated actions (action verbs).

They would play slime and squeezy when they’re at

primary school.

Mrs Watt would pinch my cheek when I did something

wrong.

II. always + continuous tense

is used to talk about things which occur frequently and which the

speaker finds annoying.

He’s always complaining about something!

III. Will + infinitive is used to talk about habitual behaviour. Frequency adverbs can also

be added.

She’ll sometimes spend the whole day reading

IV. Tend to + infinitive

is used to make general statements about the habitual actions and situations

of groups of people or individuals.

British people tend to drink tea rather than coffee. I tend not to get up very early on Sundays.

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ADVERB ORDER

We can put adverbs and adverb phrases at the front, in the middle

or at the end of a clause.

1. The front position of the clause is the first item in the clause:

Suddenly I felt afraid.

Yesterday detectives arrested a man and a woman in

connection with the murder.

2. The end position of the clause is the last item in the clause:

Why do you always have to eat so fast?

3. The mid position is between the subject and the main verb:

Apples always taste best when you pick them straight off

the tree.

4. Where there is more than one verb, mid position means after

the first auxiliary verb or after a modal verb:

The government has occasionally been forced to change

its mind. (after the first auxiliary verb)

You can definitely never predict what will happen. (after

a modal verb)

We mightn’t ever have met. (after the modal verb and

before the auxiliary verb)

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5. In questions, mid position is between the subject and the main

verb:

Do you ever think about living there?

6. Adverbs usually come after the main verb be, except in emphatic

clauses:

She’s always late for everything.

7. When be is emphasized, the adverb comes before the verb:

Why should I have gone to see Madonna? I never was a

fan of hers. (emphatic)

ADVERBS TO EXPRESS ATTITUDE

1. Annoyingly

in a way that causes irritation or annoyance

Example:

Annoyingly, he was still wearing that smirk, his pale

eyes narrowed into near slits.

2. Regrettably

used to express apology for or sadness at something

Example:

She said that regrettably, the only other available

public building in the area was across the Kilkenny border.

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3. Admittedly

used to express a concession or recognition that

something is the case

Example:

He is admittedly a visual genius, but he was often

accused of fetishizing violence in his films.

4. Hopefully

It is to be hoped that.

Example:

Hopefully the road should be finished by next year.

5. Honestly:

Used to emphasize the truthfulness of a statement

Example:

Honestly, darling, I'm not upset.

6. Obviously

In a way that is easily perceived or understood;

clearly.

Example:

Obviously, everyone has to do what they think is

right.

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7. Surely

Used to emphasize the speaker's firm belief that

what they are saying is true and often their surprise

that there is any doubt of this.

Example:

If this is true, surely each outlet should be doing all it

can to ensure holiday-makers make return visits.

8. Certainly

Used to emphasize the speaker's belief that what is

said is true.

Example:

It is certainly worth spending a few hours exploring

here, even if you choose not to spend the night.

9. Understandably

In a way that can be understood.

Example:

This book offers an example of how to write clearly

and understandably about the history of modern art.

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EXERCISE I

Circle the correct words.

1. I was quite rebellious / respectful / traditional when I was a child.

I never did what my parents told me.

2. Mollie is an outgoing / unconventional / insecure girl. She’s not

very confident in herself.

3. A lot of young children are respectful / outgoing / self-centred

and don’t think about others’ feelings.

4. You were very outgoing / unconventional / rebellious when you

were younger. You made friends easily.

5. Some teenagers try to be traditional / insecure / unconventional

by wearing different clothes to everyone else.

6. Paul was a demanding / rebellious / traditional child. He always

needed a lot of attention.

EXERCISE II

Complete the second sentence so it means the same as the first

sentence using the word given.

1. Helen never stops making her sister upset.

UPSETTING

Helen ___________________ her sister.

2. As a child, I was quite rebellious.

USED

I ___________________as a child.

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3. It’s typical for most teenagers to not do what their parents tell

them.

TEND

Most teenagers _______________what their parents tell them.

4. When I was younger, I visited my grandparents every weekend.

WOULD

I ___________________every weekend when I was younger.

5. It’s normal for younger siblings to copy their elder brothers or

sisters.

WILL

Typically, _____________________ their elder brothers or sisters.

EXERCISE III

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.

get | let | have | say | get | make

1. It really_______ on my nerves when my sister borrows my clothes.

2. I need to __________ a word with my brothers about their

behaviour.

3. Don’t keep your problems to yourself. It’ll ____________things

worse.

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4. Have you ever ______________ something you regretted later?

5. Why don’t my parents ____________ me be, and stop asking me

questions?

6. I’ve ______________ my eye on you, so don’t do anything bad!

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References

Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 4th ed. Cambridge: University press. http://www.grammarbank.com/ Retrieved on: 7 August, 2015 http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv317.shtml