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INDEX

AAron, Raymond, 5, 13

BBalance-of-power theory, 75Balancing, power checking task in, 95Barkin, Samuel, 98Bloodletting, 95Bolshevist revolution, 60Brown, Chris, 29Buck-passing, power checking

task in, 95Bush, George W., 36Buzan, Barry, 136

CCampbell, David, 1Carr, E. H., 5Christen, Thomas, 6Christendom

fear and, 1Classical realism, Morgenthau’s,

48, 50, 52, 123balance of power, 52

Clinton, David, 29Collective Action, 4

Concept of the Political, The, 25, 38Contingent realism, 5Conventional Deterrence, 38Crawford, Neta, 53–54, 76Cuban Missile Crisis, 60

DDarwin, Charles, 10Defence of the National Interest, In, 27Defensive mechanism

fear as, 136Defensive realism, 6, 120, 122

fear in, 120Waltz’s, 122

Defensive realism, Waltz’s, 72Delors, Jacques, 131Donnelly, Jack, 9, 75–76, 84, 122

EElman, Colin, 6Emotion

as political tool, 10Empirical aspect of fear in

Morgenthau’s works, 58Enloe, Cynthia, 1Evrigenis, Ioannis, 4

© The Author(s) 2017A.H. Pashakhanlou, Realism and Fear in International Relations,DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41012-8

169

FFear, 10

conception of, 117definition, 11in international relations, 1logic of, 121logical element of, 14in realism revised, 135theoretical framework, 132theoretical role of, 119

Fear concept, in Mearsheimer’sworks, 23, 34, 36–38, 91,100–104, 106–107, 131

analysis of, 37assumptions, 93bait and bleed in pursuit of

power, 95balancing power, 96bipolarity in, 96blackmail in pursuit of power, 95Crimean War, 104empirical aspect of fear in, 102fear in the core of, 97fear of China, 37fearmongering, 36, 92generic statements, 92Liddell Hart and the Weight of

History and ConventionaDeterrence, 38

multipolarity in, 96of nuclear war, 34offensive realism, 131as offensive realism, 91, 98, 101:

equating fear andaggression, 101

as offensive realism, assumptions, 98as offensive realism, logical need

of, 106as offensive realism, Mearsheimer’s,

inconsistensies in, 100as offensive realism, states and, 97power and, 94–95

power checking task in,balancing, 95

power checking task in, buck-passing, 95

security dilemma and, 107Soviet fears of US power, 103Soviets capabilities, 103theoretical and empirical use of

fear, 106Tragedy of Great Power Politics,

The, 37on Waltz’s works, 93war in pursuit of power, 95Who’s Afraid of Academic

Freedom?, 38Fear concept, in Morgenthau’s

works, 23, 126analysis of, 29as balance of power, 50bolshevism, 46classical realism, 48, 65classical realism, logical need

for fear in, 61conception of fear, 45Concept of the Political, The, 25Defence of the National Interest,

In, 27in domestic politics, 48dreadful French, 24as emotion in international

politics, 45–46empirical aspect of, 58‘The End of Switzerland’s

‘Differential’ Neutrality’, 24in English on international law, 25fear in the core of, 52fear in the periphery of, 55fears of revolution, 60in foreign languages, 23–24French publications, 25generated by ‘their rivals’, 47‘The H-Bomb and After’ article, 28

170 INDEX

hate as driving force, 55on international law, 23in international politics, 48in IR, 26logical consistency of fear in, 62as misperception, 57in Nationalist Socialist Germany, 54Plans for Work, 24Politics Among Nations, 26, 29as primitive negative emotions, 47Purpose of American Politics,

The, 30rational theory of international

politics conception and, 64Scientific Man vs. Power

Politics, 26as security dilemma, 56in Soviet Union, 54in Spanish language, 24status quo policy, 56‘The Tragedy of German-Jewish

Liberalism’ lecture, 28Treaty of Versailles, 46Vietnam and the United States, 27

Fear concept, in Waltz’s works,23, 30–33, 71, 129

The American and BritishExperience, 31

analysis, 33balance of power and, 73bipolarity conditions and, 74defensive realism, 72–73, 75defensive realism, logical

consistency of fear in, 85defensive realism, logical need of

fear in, 81emotional relation, 32emotion role in defensive

realism, 78empirical aspect of fear in, 79far in the core of, 74fear in the periphery of, 77

Foreign Policy and DemocraticPolitics, 31

Man, the State and War: ATheoretical Analysis, 30

Morgenthau’s approach and, 73multipolarity conditions and, 74nuclear weapons in, 80real or imaginary, question of, 72Schweller on, 82Spread of Nuclear Weapons,

The, 33state as a core, 75survival assumption and, 83Theory of International

Politics, 32Fear of Enemies, 4Feminism

fear and, 1First World War in 1914, 56, 58, 126Franco-German War of 1870,

56, 58–59, 126Freyberg-Inan, Annette, 64Friedman, Thomas, 32

GGelb, Leslie, 35, 105Generalist realism, 5Goldstein, Joshua, 1Griffith, Martin, 53

HHerz, John, 63History of the Peloponnesian

War, 130History of the Peloponnesian War,

The, 2, 130Hobbes, Thomas, 2, 5, 125Holsti, Ole, 53–54Human nature realism, 5Hungarian revolution, 60

INDEX 171

IIntellectual traditions fear and, 1International relations (IR)

fear in, 1global survey, 8literature, 3method and analysis framework, 12realism and fear in, selection

criteria, 7realism in, 1self-identified realist thinkers in, 5TRIP survey, 8

JJabri, Vivienne, 1Jervis, Robert, 6, 129Johnson, Thomas, 53–54Jüntersoke, Oliver, 24

KKant, Immanuel, 30Keohane, Robert, 8Knopf, Alfred A., 30Korean War, 60Koskenniemi, Martti, 64Krasner, Stephen, 6Kuklick, Bruce, 129

LLabs, Eric, 6Lasswell, Harold, 25Layne, Christopher, 6Leviathan, 2Liddell Hart and the Weight of

History, 38Literature on fear in realism, 124Little, Richard, 52Logical consistency of fear in

Morgenthau’s classical realism, 62

Logical need of fear in Morgenthau’sclassical realism, 61

Logic of fear, 121Lord of the Flies film, 81

MMachiavelli, Niccolò, 2, 5, 125Man, the State and War: A Theoretical

Analysis, 30McCain, John, 80McDougal, Myers, 25McGeorge, Bundy, 10, 12McNamara, Robert, 10, 12Mearsheimer, John, 1–2, 3, 4, 6, 8–10,

12–16, 23, 30, 34–39, 62,91–111, 117–125, 131–138

metus hostil concept, 4Moravcsik, Andrew, 2Morgenthau, Hans, 1–2, 3, 4, 6, 8–10,

12–16, 23–31, 38–39, 45–66,72–73, 85, 92–93, 108, 111,117–130, 133, 135–138

Mutual Assured Destruction(MAD), 33

NNapoleonic wars, 60Ned Lebow, Richard, 1Neoclassical realism, 6, 9, 136Neorealism, 5–6Niebuhr, Reinhold, 5Nobel, Jaap, 129

OOffensive realism, Mearsheimer’s, 102,

106, 109, 120, 122–123, 132balanced multipolarity, 96bipolarity, 96empirical aspect of fear in, 102

172 INDEX

fear role in, 98global hegemons versus regional

hegemons, 94logical consistency of fear in, 109need of fear in, 106unbalanced multiipolarity, 96unipolarity, 96

Offensive realists, 6Orwell, George, 1

PPalestine Liberation Organization

(PLO), 29Peace through transformation, 51Politics Among Nations, 9, 12, 26–27,

29, 129Posen, Barry, 6Postcolonial studies on fear, 1Primitive negative emotion as fear, 47Prince, The, 2Principles of Purpose of American

Politics, The, 30

RRealism

and beyond, fear in, 117contingent realism, 5in international relations, 1, 5literature on fear in, 124logical importance of fear in, 124neorealism, 5realism, 5as a single unified monolithic

block, 125specific realism, 5structural realism, 5subaltern realism, 5types, 5willful realism, 5

Resende-Santos, João, 75

Robert, Jervis, 30Rose, Gideon, 9Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 30

SSchmidt, Brian, 9Schuett, Robert, 75Schweller, Randall, 6, 82–84,

93, 122Scientific Man vs. Power

Politics, 26–27Secondary literature, misinterpreting

role of fear, 125Snyder, Jack, 6Specific realism, 5Spinoza, Baruch, 30Spirtas, Michael, 62–63Spread of Nuclear Weapons, The, 33States, in Morgenthau’s work, 49Structural realism, 5–6Subaltern realism, 5

TTang, Shiping, 4Theoretical role of fear, 119Theory of International Politics, 6, 8,

12, 32Third image theory, 85Thompson, Kenneth, 29Thucydides, 125, 130–131Tragedy of Great Power Politics,

The, 12, 24, 37, 98, 134

VVan Evera, Stephen, 6Vasquez, John, 75, 136Vietnam and the United States

monograph, 27Vietnam War, 60, 129

INDEX 173

WWalt, Stephen, 6Waltz, Kenneth, 1–2, 3, 4, 6, 8–10,

12–16, 23, 30–34, 38–39, 62, 66,71–87, 92–93, 100, 108–111,117–125, 129–131, 135–138

Weber, Cynthia, 9, 84, 122Wendt, Alexander, 1, 8Who’s Afraid of Academic

Freedom?, 38Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About

Lying in International Politics, 92

Wilful realism, 5William, Thompson, 30Williams, Michael, 64Wohlforth, William, 6Wolfers, Arnold, 5, 62World War I, fear-centric

account of, 127

ZZakaria, Fareed, 6Zedong, Mao, 105

174 INDEX