414

INDEX

adaptive control, see process control agglomeration, 23, 83 autogenous grinding, see grinding automatic control, see process control

bacterial conditioning, 79 bacterial leaching, see hydrometallurgy ball mills, see grinding basket centrifuge, 375 baum jig, 72 belt filters, see filtration Bond's law, 134 Brunswick Mining & Smelting, 165

CANMET process, 179 carrier flotation, see flotation centrifuges, 80, 86, 356, 374 chelating reagents, 16 coagulation, see dewatering coal cleaning, 71-87

desulphurization, 79, 82 dry cleaning, 71 flocculation, 74-77 flotation, see flotation gravity methods, 72

column flotation, see flotation comminution,

energy consumption, 134 simulation, 89-116

complex sulphide ores, 157-186 Brunswick Mining & Smelting, 165 bulk-selective flotation, 165-170 grinding circuits, 160 hydrometallurgy, 173-183 mineralogy, 157 precious metals, 165 pyrite processing, 183-186 pyrometallurgy, 172 selective flotation, 161-170 smelter contracts, 165, 168 smelting, 170, 181

Comprex process, 176 computer control, see process control

crushing, control, see process control energy consumption, 134 models, 94-97 simulation, 94-97, 102-105, 114

crystallisation, 140 cyclones, see hydrocyclones

deep-cone thickener, 86, 355 dense medium separation, see heavy medium separation Derrick screen, 376 dewatering, 24, 79, 339-378

aids, 373 centrifugal methods, 355-357 coagulation, 340 flocculation, see flocculation gravity methods, 339-355 model of, 25 of fines, 25 screens, 376 thickening, see thickeners

DEXTEC process, 179, 181 disc filters, see filtration dissolved air flotation, see flotation Duval-Clear process, 179 Dynawhirlpool process, 398

education and training, 408 effluent treatment, 45-49, 56-61 electrofilter, 368 electroflotation, see flotation electrolytic flotation, see electroflotation electronic sorting, 395, 398, 402 electropermeation, 24 electrophoretic separation, 23, 24 electrostatic separation, 23, 24

energy consumption, 138 ELKEM process, 180 energy cost, 144-146 energy usage, 133-153 evolutionary control, 120

filters/filtration, 357-375 belt, 85, 364-367 centrifugal, 374-376 disc, 80, 364 drum, 361-364 electrofilter, 368 horizontal belt, 364 press, 369-373 pressure, 81, 84, 85, 369-373 principles, 358-361 selection of, 374 steam-assisted, 368 vacuum, 79, 81, 361-368

415

416

fine particles, characterization of, 11 dewatering of, see dewatering losses, 1, 37 mineralogy, 13 morphology, 12 overview, 1-29 treatment of, 11-24, 37-64

flash smelting, 172 flocculation, 27, 28, 74-77, 341 flotation,

carrier flotation, 13, 21 column flotation, 16 control, see process control dispersed air, 43 dissolved air, 40, 41-53 electroflotation, 40, 53-64 emulsion flotation, 23 energy consumption, 134" 136, floc flotation, 14, 17-21 ion flotation, 41 models, 108 of coal, 77-79

146

of complex sulphides, of fines, 12, 13, 28, of strategic minerals, of tin ores, 280-284 oil flotation, 23

161-170 38-41, 396

402

skin flotation, 275 surface precipitation, 13 temperature effect, 16

froth flotation, see flotation

gravity concentration, 11, 72, 82, 317-336, 388-394 applications of, 321 control, 130 energy consumption, 137 simulation, 109 testing and analysis, 323

grinding, aids, 3-10 autogenous, 134, 161, 107, 125 ball mill model, 92-94, 125 complex sulphides, 160 control, see process control design, 90 -94 energy consumption, in organic liquids, simulation, 92-94, thermal treatment,

3, 134 3

105-107 10

heavy medium separation, 83, 109, 271, 320, 329, 394, 398 high-capacity thickeners, 351 high-gradient separators, see magnetic separation horizontal belt filters, see filtration hydrocyclones, 82, 136, 100, 115, 356

hydrometallurgy, agitation leaching, 138 bacterial leaching, 397, 404 CANMET process, 179 Comprex process, 176 ELKEM process, 180 DEXTEC process, 179, 181 dump leaching, 138 Duval-Clear process, 179 heap leaching, 138 in-situ leaching, 28, 397, 405 LNETI process, 177 Minemet Recherches process, 179 of complex sulphides, 173-183 of gold ores, 147-152 of strategic minerals, 396 of uranium ores, 152 R.P.C. process, 173 Sheritt-Gordon process, 173 st.-Joe Minerals process, 179 vat leaching, 138

image analysis, 159 Imperial Smelting process, 171 in-situ leaching, see hydrometallurgy ion flotation, 41

jigs, 72, 320, 329

Kick's law, 133 Kivcet process, 172 Kowa-Seiko process, 185 Kynch method, 342

Lamella thickeners, 354 leaching, see hydrometallurgy liberation, 11 LNETI process, 177

magnetic fluid separation, 400 magnetic separation, 23, 29, 276, 287-314, 394

energy consumption, 137 falling curtain separator, 305 high-gradient separation, 24, 395, 401 history, 290-295 induced roll separator, 296 Jones separator, 291, 313 matrix separators, 293, 295, 301 open-gradient separators, 295 orbital channel separator, 304 practical aspects, 307-314 principles, 288-290, 295-301 solenoid separators, 293, 295 superconducting separators, 24, 301-307, 314, 401

membrane filter press, 85 Metallurgie-Hoboken-Overpelt, 170

417

418

Minemet Recherches process, 179

oil agglomeration, 83 oil flotation, see flotation optimizing control, see process control

PI control, see process control pressure filtration, see filtration process control, 117-131

adaptive control, 120 control systems, 117-124 crushing circuits, 121-124 evolutionary control, 120

,flotation, 125-130 gravity circuits, 130, 284 grinding circuits, 124-125 optimizing control, 120, 128 PI control, 119, 120, 122, 124, 125 self-tuning controllers, 120, 122, 127-128 stabilizing control, 121, 128

pyrite processing, 183-186 pyrometallurgy, 397

Reichert cones, 320, 329, 394 residual deposits, 197 Rittingers law, 133 rotary drum filters, see filtration R.P.C. process, 173

screen-bowl centrifuge, 81, 86, 374 screening, 135, 98-100 selective flocculation, 18-21, 404 self-tuning controller, see process control shaking tables, 320, 329 Sheritt-Gordon process, 173 sieve bends, 376 simulation, 89-116

ball mills, 92-94 crushers, 94-97, 102-105, 114 flotation, 108 gravity separation, 109 hydrocyclones, 100, 115 screens, 98-100

smelter contracts, 165, 168 solid bowl centrifuge, 356 solid-liquid separation, see dewatering spiral concentrators, 320, 329 St.-Joe Minerals process, 179 stabilizing control, see process control strategic minerals, 383- 409 sub-aeration cell, 78 superconducting magnetic separators, see magnetic separation

tailings disposal, 83 filtration, 84 lagoons, 84

Talmage and Fitch method, 342 thickeners,

area determination, 342-349 depth determination, 346 types of, 350-355

tin ores, 195-253, 263-286 alluvial deposits, 263-265 distribution, 200 Cornwall, 204-253, 265-286 flotation, 280-284 genesis, 195 lode deposits, 235-245, 269-286 marine deposits, 265-268 minerals of, 199 pegmatites and laterites, 268 smelting of, 285

tube press, 82

ultrafines, see fine particles

vacuum filtration, see filtration volatilisation, 140

Zincex process, 185

419

421

APPENDIX

MINERAL PROCESSING AT A CROSSROADS- PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE

HOTEL ST.MICHAELS, FALMOUTH, UK, MARCH 24- APRIL 4 1986

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Dr.B.A.Wills (Director)

Dr.R.W.Barley (Assistant Director)

Mr.R.H.Mozley

Mr.R.D.B.Wilkinson

LECTURERS

Dr.L.A.Adorjan

Prof.G.A.Barbery

Dr.R.S.Bhappu

Dr.A.V.Bromley

Camborne School of Mines Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

Camborne School of Mines Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

Richard Mozley Ltd, Woodlane, Falmouth, Cornwall, UK

Billiton Research B.V., P.O.Box 40, (Westervoortsedijk 67d), 6800 AA Arnhem, THE NETHERLANDS

Dept.Mining & Met.~ngng., Tech.Univers.of Nova Scotia, P.O.Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia,CANADA B3J 2X4

Mining Engineering Dept., Laval University, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4 Quebec, CANADA

Mountain States Mineral Enterprises Inc., P.O.Box 17960,Tucson, Arizona 85731, U.S.A.

Camborne School of Mines, Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

422

Prof.H.E.Cohen

Prof.C.Ek

Mr.D.E.Jenkinson

Prof.A.J.Lynch

Dr.K.Matis

Prof.P.Somasundaran

Mr.J.F.Turner

PARTICIPANTS

Dr.S.Atak

Dr.G.Atesok

Ms.N.Aydin

Dr.D.J.Barnes

Dr.I.Bayraktar

66 Wosley Rd., Moor Park, Northwood, HA6 2EH, UK

Faculte des Sciences App., Universite de Liege, Rue Armand Stevart 2, B-4000 Liege, BELGIUM

HQTD, National Coal Board, Ashby Rd., Stanhope-Bretby, Burton-on-Trent, Staffs., UK

Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre, Isles Rd., Indooroopilly, Queensland, AUSTRALIA

Lab. of General and Inorganic Chemical Technology, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GREECE

Henry Krumb School of Mines, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.l0027, U.S.A.

Camborne School of Mines, Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

Istanbul Technical University, Maden Fakultesi, Tesvikiye-Istanbul, TURKEY

Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Maden Fakultesi, Cevher Hazirlama Anabilim Dali, Tesvikiye-Istanbul, TURKEY

General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, MTA Feasibility Studies Dept.,Ankara, TURKEY

English China Clays, John Keay House, St.Austell, Cornwall, UK

Hosdere Cad. no.90/7, Y. Ayranci, Ankara, TURKEY

Mr.A.Bechmann

Mr.J.M. Boyes

Miss S.Buchholz

Dr.J.M.R.Carvalho

Mr.J.-L.Charles

Dr.K.K.Cheang

Miss D.M.Chidyausiku

Mr.D.N.Collins

Mr.P.Davies

Mr.S.Downard

Dr.O.F.Emrullahoglu

Institut fur Aufbereitung der RWTH Aachen, Wuellnerstr.2, D-5100 Aachen,

423

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

M.D.Research Co.Pty Ltd., P.O.Box 22, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113, AUSTRALIA

Inst.fur Phys.u. Makromolek.Chemie, Universitat Regensburg, Universitatsstr.31, 8400 Regensberg, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Dept.of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Seccao 41, 1096 Lisbon Codex, PORTUGAL

Societe Industrielle des Minerais de l'Oest, Usine de l'Ecarpiere, B.P.36- 44190 Clisson, FRANCE

Dept.of Mineral Resources, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, MALAYSIA

Ministry of Mines, Dept. of Metallurgy, P.O.Box 8340, Causeway, Harare, ZIMBABWE

Warren Spring Lab., Stevenage, Herts, UK

S.W. Metallurgical Services, Penty-Glen-Garth, Kelynack, st.Just, Penzance, Cornwall, UK

Camborne School of Mines, Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

Anadolu University, Mining Engineering Dept., Mineral Process.Div., Eskisehir, TURKEY

424

Mr.D.Ergunalp

Prof.J.A.Finch

Mr.G.Gallios

Dr.C.de Sousa F.Gomes

Dr. S. Hall

Miss J. Holl

Dr.B.Ipekoglu

Mr.N.M.Kalenga

Mr.H.G.King

Mr.H.Koca

Mrs.S.Koca

Mr.U.Kohaupt

Freiding Str.31, 3000 Hannover 73, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Dept.of Mining & Met.Engng., McGill University, 3450 University st., Montreal H3A 2A7, CANADA

University of Thessaloniki, Lab.of Gen. and Inor.Chem. Technology, Box 114, Thessaloniki, GREECE

Departamento de Geociencias, Universidade de Aveiro, 3800 Aveiro, PORTUGAL

Dept.of Mining & Met.Engng., McGill University, 3450 University st, Montreal H3A 2A7, CANADA

Camborne School of Mines, Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, PK.1 Havaalani, Istanbul, TURKEY

Universite de Liege, Met.des Metaux non Ferreux, Rue Armand Stevart 2, B-4000 Liege, BELGIUM

Mitchell Cotts Mining Equip.Ltd, Lyne Hill Industrial Estate, Penkridge, Staffs., ST19 5LS, UK

c/o University of Leeds, Dept.of Mining & Mineral Eng, Leeds 2, UK

Anadolu University, Dep.of Mining and Mineral Eng Maden Muh.Bol, Bademlik-Eskisehir, TURKEY

Institut fur Aufbereitung der RWTH Aachen, Wuellnerstr.2, D-5100 Aachen, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Prof.J.Kopp

Mr.N.Lazaridis

Dr.M.R.M.Leite

Mr.C.Lucion

Prof.C.M.N.Madureira

Mr.R.J.Manser

Dr.N.J.Miles

Dr.A.J.Monhemius

Mr.R.J.C.Moreira

Mr.H.Oberndorfer

Dr.G.A.Osborn

425

Dept. of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA

University of Thessaloniki, Lab. of Gen. and Inor.Chem. Technology, Box 114, Thessaloniki, GREECE

Dep.de Engenharia de Minas, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4099 Porto Codex, PORTUGAL

Univ.Catholique de Louvain, Lab.Traitement des Minerais, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,BELGIUM

Dep.de Engenharia de Minas, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4099 Porto Codex, PORTUGAL

Camborne School of Mines, Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

Dept.of Mining, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK

Dept.of Mineral Resources Eng Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London SW7 2BP, UK

Rua do Araujo 1413, Leca do Balio, 4465 S.Mamede de Infesta, PORTUGAL

Inst.fur Phys.u. Makromolek.Chemie, Universitat Regensburg, Universitatsstr.31, 8400 Regensberg, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Dept.of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, P.O.Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

426

Mr.D.J.Ottley

Dr.G.Ozbayoglu

Mr.S.Ozbayoglu

Mr.R.A.Peaker

Mr.J.A.C. da Rocha e Silva

Mr.J.J.da Conceica Sousa

Mr.N.A.Rowson

Mr.G.S.Sater

Mr.G.D.Schena

Mr.R.G.Smith

Prof.R.Tolun

Dr.K.V.Viswanathan

Minmet Services Int., P.O.Box 396, Riverside, CT 06878, U.S.A.

Mining Engng.Dept., Middle East Tech.University, Ankara, TURKEY

Mining Engng.Dept., Middle East Tech.University, Ankara, TURKEY

Joy Process Equipment Ltd., Stocks House, 9 North st., Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7AX, UK

Dept.de Engenharia de Minas, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4099 Porto Codex, PORTUGAL

Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial/DTM, 1699 Lisboa Codex, PORTUGAL

Dept.of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, P.O.Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

Counsellor:Minerals & Energy, South African Embassy, Trafagar Square, London WC2N 5DP, UK

Istituto di Chimica Applicata Cattedra Arte Mineraria, University of Trieste, Trieste, ITALY

English China Clays, John Keay House, St.Austell, Cornwall, UK

Kimya-Metalurji Fakultesi, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Maslak, Istanbul, TURKEY

Henry Krumb School of Mines, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA

Dr.H.E.Vollmar

Dr.J.H.P.Watson

Mr.A.P.Wells

Mr.K.Wierer

Mr.R.A.Williams

Mr.N.Wilshaw

Mr.M.P.Wolle

Mr.G.Wonnacott

Mr.S.R.Young

427

Kraftwerk Union AG/R 942, Hammerbacher Strasse 12+14, 0-8520 Erlangen, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Institute of Cryogenics, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Wheal Jane Ltd., Baldhu, Truro, Cornwall, UK

Inst.fur Phys.u. Makromolek.Chemie, Universitat Regensburg, Universitatsstr.31, 8400 Regensberg, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Dept.of Chemical Engineering, UMIST, P.O.Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK

English China Clays, General Laboratories, St.Austell, Cornwall, UK

Marine Mining Cornwall Cons. New Portreath Rd., Redruth, Cornwall TR16 4HN, UK

Camborne School of Mines, Pool, Redruth, Cornwall, UK

Wheal Jane Ltd., Baldhu, Truro, Cornwall, UK