4/14 TuesdaySSUSH20 The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War on the US

Agenda: WW2 is over! Cold War

Content Clarification Cold War slides on HHS website

Cold War Main Ideas to know Info Check on Schoology

Documentaries What side are you on?

https://www.google.com/doodles/155th-anniversary-of-the-pony-express

Rebuilding the World

-Yalta, (Feb 1945) meeting of the Big Three

• heads of government of the US (FDR), the United Kingdom (Churchill) and the Soviet Union (Stalin)

• purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization

-Creation of the United Nations – international cooperation organization to stop a war from happening again

-Potsdam Conference, July to Aug 1945 --last of the post ww2 meetings of big 3.--division of Germany(post war borders)

-Germany also lost territories east to Poland & SU

.

Germany divided:

East was communist and run by the Soviets.

West side was run by the Allies and remained free of Communism. (east is least/west is best)

Nuremburg Trials-Nov 1945: war crimes trials /several Nazi leaders executed (12)

What is the Cold War?? Time period 1945-1991 Ideological struggle/No “real” war… US & Soviet Union successfully

cooperated in defeating the Axis Powers did not necessarily mean they would continue to get along after the war 2 countries were organized on radically different principles—

US: democratic capitalism SU: totalitarian socialism Both wanted the future of Germany and Eastern Europe to look

differently

Post WW2 US & SU would emerge as the world's 2 "superpowers," but it was also evident that they had conflicting visions for what that postwar world should look like.

The Cold War [1945- 1991]: An I deological Struggle

Soviet & Eastern Bloc

Nations[“I ron Curtain”]

US & the Western

Democracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

GOAL “Containment”of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]METHODOLOGIES:

1. Espionage [KGB vs. CI A]

2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

3. I deological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”

4. Bi- Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

Competition with USSRThe Cold War

• We built an atomic bomb– Then they built one of their own

• Harry S. Truman used the United Nations (UN) to gain allies and trade partnerships– Joseph Stalin would do the same

• US wanted to encourage self-determination and democracy– USSR wanted to encourage communism

• US wanted to rebuild European governments and put Germany together– USSR wanted to control Eastern Europe (buffer) and divide

East & West Germany• US created their first peacetime alliance (NATO) for

military support between US and 11 Western European nations– USSR created their own alliance set as well (Warsaw Pact)

Iron Curtain

-Truman pushes for free elections

-Winston Churchill

Iron Curtain refers to all nations under Soviet control military, political, and ideological barrier est b/w the Soviet bloc and western Europe from 1945 to 1990.

-satellite nations – eastern European nations under Soviet control

-purges

-buffer zone

Containment

-theory of trying to stop the spread of communism

George F. Kennan- US Diplomat believed E. Europe was under control of Soviets and far from “saving”

-what did communism promise?

a way to rebuild the war torn area

-Term “Cold War” is applied – a war without battles

-ideological war (communism vs. capitalism)

-rivalry – U.S. vs. S.U.

Fallout shelters- • a civil defense measure intended to reduce casualties

in a nuclear war made of concrete, bricks, clay that is dense/heavy enough to provide protection from radiation.

• It is designed to allow those inside it to avoid exposure to harmful fallout from a nuclear blast and its likely aftermath of radiation until radioactivity has dropped to a safer level.

Duck and Cover Drill

-How will ducking under a desk help and protect you from an atomic bomb?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

McCarthyism

• Senator Joseph McCarthy (Wisconsin) brought the issue of anti-communism to America’s front pages and living rooms

• Stirs up a whirlwind fever – claiming to have a list of 57 (no 81, no 205!) communists working in the US State Department– Accused Democrats of being soft on

communism• Televised bullying of US Army led to

his discredit and downfall

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

• McCarthyism-making of false accusations based on rumor or guilt by association.

• How was McCarthyism similar to the Salem With Trials?

Red Dot Black Dot

• KEEP YOUR DOT YOUR HIDDEN!!!!• http://

www.staff.fcps.net/rmueller/AP%20site/powerpoints/cold%20war%20at%20home.pdf

• Get up and move around – talk to the people around you, build small-medium-large groups– Your objective: have as big a group as you can

have with ONLY black dots– If you are a red dot, get into as big a group of

black dots as you can without them knowing what color you are

Truman Doctrine

-Greece and Turkey were in danger of becoming communist, 1947 – Greece and Turkey were unstable and weak

-Truman decides to give aid to any nation that needs it to prevent communism

-becomes known as the Truman Doctrine (1947)

*reaffirmed Kennan’s containment idea

*increased trade w/ U.S.

-creates $$$

* Prevents spread of Communism

Truman Doctrine

• “it must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.”– What “outside pressures”? – How can the US support?

• US financial aid would help to contain communism where it was and prevent it from spreading to democracies the US supported

Marshall Plan ($$ plan)

-Europe was destroyed by the war

-devastation made communism more promising

-George Marshall (US Sec of State) created a recovery plan for Europe

-proposed the US provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe.

-offered to all nations

-stopped the spread of communism

-plan was a great success as Europe recovered

.

-Army chief of staff/Sec of State under Truman-Got Nobel Peace Prize 1953 b/c of this idea and its success

April 3, 1948, President Truman signed the Economic Recovery Act of 1948 aka the Marshall Plan**big success of containment & prevented Soviet advancement into W. Europe

Marshall Plan

• 16 countries – four years - $13 billion in aid

• Chaotic Western European nations needed reconstruction– Secretary of State George Marshall said

that it was directed “not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos”

• What do you call it when someone gives you money to do or to not do something?

Berlin Airlift

-Germany and its capital Berlin were split: part US part Britain (small France)

-Soviets blockade Berlin in hopes of controlling it (they have East side, 1948 and won’t back down)

-US, GB, Fr unified into 1 one nation: Fed. Rep of Germ. (W. Germany) USSR est Germ Dem. Rep. aka E. Ger under communist rule.

-U.S. decides to airlift supplies for the city by plane rather than back down

-airlift lasted nearly a year and brought over 2 million tons of supplies

June 24, 1948 – May 11, 1949

Cold War Security

-National Security Act, 1947

-Created Department of Defense

-created the CIA and NSC

-NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

-end of United States isolationism as we partner with Western Europe

-Atomic bomb tested in USSR, 1949 – (meaning THEY HAVE THE BOMB)

-Arms race begins! (race to have the most weapons)

-Warsaw Pact unites communist nations of Eastern Europe.

USSR and allies’ response to our NATO. 1955--We make “H” bomb: way more powerful than A bomb. -1952:US -1953: USSR-1964: Br, Fr and China too…WTH!

Describe the Cold War’s effect on America at home & abroad.

• How has the war in Iraq affected your lives? How has it affected America in their policies at home and overseas?

• Why do you think the Cold War caused such a ruckus and fear even though no shots were ever fired?

Truman Integrates the Military

• President Harry Truman – “I am asking for equality of opportunity for all

human beings, and if that ends up in my failure to be reelected, that failure will be in good cause.”

• In 1948 ordered integration of armed forces and an end of discrimination in government hiring practices

• Could this kind of move cost Harry Truman his hopes of reelection in 1948?

“Losing” China• China was in a civil war in the 1940s

– (US supported) Nationalists vs. Communists• Mao Zedong gathered support among

Chinese rural peasants to take control of communist China

• America had spent $3,000,000,000 to help Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek

• BUT America is not willing to go to a military solution over China – they’re too big and the USSR might get involved

• Is China a communist country today?

Korean War• In 1950, communist North Korean forces flooded over

the 38th parallel into democratic South Korea (whom the US was supposed to protect)

• Truman sent General Douglas MacArthur back into action (he had served in the Pacific in WWII)– MacArthur’s strong push is successful until China adds support

to North Korea and pushes back• MacArthur begged Truman for greenlight to attack

China, Truman refuses, MacArthur criticizes, Truman fires him (America’s favorite war hero at the time)

• The war ended in a stalemate – as the 38th parallel remained the border– 54,000 Americans died in Korea– America spent $67 billion

• What are America’s gains and losses from the Korean war?