41050 Chapter 1 the History of Computing and Computer Basics

7/25/2019 41050 Chapter 1 the History of Computing and Computer Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/41050-chapter-1-the-history-of-computing-and-computer-basics 1/33

PBC0016 Basic Comput ing and Programming PBC0016 Basic Comput ing and Programming

1

LECTURE PLAN

1. History & Computing Basics 2. Hardware 3. Software

4. Connectivity & Networking

5. Programming &Programming Languages

6. Multimedia Elements &Applications




2

LAB SCHEDULEOperating Systems

Microsoft Word

Microsoft Power Point

Microsoft Excel

Programming in C



PBC0016 Basic Comput ing and Programming

3

Course Assessment• Midterm Test : 15%

• In-Lab Tests : 15%

•

Assignment/Project : 15%• Industrial Talk/Report : 5%

• Final Examination : 50%

• TOTAL : 100%




4

Books• Text Book (Theory)

Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. E. Discovering

computers: Living in a digital world USA: Cengage

Learning.

• Reference

Book (Programming) - Recommended

Ling, H.C., Cheong S.N., Teh Y.K., Kwek L.C.,

Emerson R.J., Vishnu M.B., & Badrolhisham, H.

(2010). C Programming for Beginners (2nd ed.).

Malaysia: Pearson.




5

CHAPTER 1

The History of Computing and Computer Basics

1.1 Computer Applications

1.2 What is a Computer?

1.3 History and Evolution

1.4 Computer Generations1.5 Classification of Computers




6

Computer Applications• Education

• Banking System

• Aerospace

• Business & Marketing

•

Government• Entertainment




7

A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept

data (input ), process it into useful information (output ), and store it in a

storage media for future use

System Unit

What is a Computer?




History & Evo lut ion

Abacus

Difference Engine

Analytical Engine1944 MARK I

Howard Aiken at

Harvard University1951 - UNIVAC1

first commercial computer

1954 - Hewlett and Packard

Met and setup shop in

Garage at Silicon valley

Mechanical Calculator




Abacus




Difference Engine Analytical Engine

10




Mechanical Calculators




UNIVAC 1




13

1975 – Microsoft Founded

Bill Gates with Paul Allen

1976

Apple I and Apple II

1981-IBM PC

PC wasintroduced.

1989 – WWW

Invented by

Tim Berners-Lee

1969 – Internet was

founded

http://www-1.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/index.html




14

1994 – Netscape

Founded by

Jim Clark and Marc Andreesen

Many more….

1998 – Google

Founded by

Larry Page and Sergey Brin




15

Question -

PROCESS

OUTPUT

INPUT

What is a Compu ter?

A computer is an electronic machine that can

be programmed to accept data (i nput ), process

it into useful information (output ), and store it

in a storage device for future use




16

Compu ter Generat ion

1. 1 s t Generat ion

2. 2 nd Generat ion

3. 3rd Generat ion

4. 4th Generat ion

5. 5th Generation




17

1 s t Generation (1944 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes

Memory was made up of

hundreds of vacuum

tubes or sometimes

magnetic drum

Gave off so much heatthat even if they were

cooled by gigantic air

conditioners.

Input and output media

were punched cards and

magnetic tapes

IBM Punched Card (input)

Magnetic Tapes (output)Vacuum Tubes

(memory)




18

UNIVAC ENIAC




19

•an electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow

electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes

•These transistors were made of solid material, some of which

is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce

•Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power , and

generate less heat, conduct electricity faster .

2 nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Trans isto r




20

Minicomputer




21

An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other

electronic components into one small silicon chip called

semiconductor.

The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip hasincreased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.

Keyboards and monitors were used.

Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage

3rd Generation (1964 - 1970) : Integ rated Circu it




22

Minicomputer




23

• A silicon chip on which transistors are

integrated onto it.

•Microprocessor can do all the processing of a

full-scale computer – smaller in size , faster in

speed.

4 th Generation (1971-Present) : Microproc esso r

•These circuit integrations are known as Large-

scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale

integrated (VLSI) circuits

Microprocessors led to the invention of personal

computers.




24

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

concerns with making computers

behave and think like humans.

The branch of computer

science that deal with writing

computer programs that can

solv e problems c reat ively

AI studies include robotics,

expert systems, games, etc..

5

th

Generat ion (Present & Beyond): A rt i f ic ia l Intel l igence




25

3 Direct ions of Computer Development

• size

– Everything has become smaller

•

power – Miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram

more power into their machines, providing faster

processing speeds and more data storage

capacity.• expensive

– The price of the hardware is getting cheaper




26

Class i f icat ion of Compu ters

(1) Supercomputers

•The mightiest computer

•The most expensive.

•process billions of instructions in a second•used by some exclusive group only

(2) Mainframes

•Process data at very high speed

•less expensive than Supercomputer

•used for processing large amount of data

•user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe




27

(3) Workstations

•Powerful desktop computers

•Used by engineers and scientists for

engineering applications,

software development, application

that require a high amount of

computing power




28

(4) Mobile Computing

• Small, portable, wireless

communication device.

• Ex: laptops, wearable computers,

PDAs, USB flash drives.




29

•designed to support a computer network that allows you to share

files, application software, hardware, such as printers and other

network resources.

•Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server.

•Server computers usually have following characteristics:

•Designed to be connected to one or more networks

•The most powerful CPUs available

•Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks

•Large memory and disk storage

•High-speed communications capabilities

(5) Servers




30

• The most common for home users ,

computers that can fit on a desktop or in

one's briefcase.

• Can perform all of its input, processing,

output and storage activities by itself.

(6) Microcomputers / Personal Computer (PC)

PBC0016 B i C t i d P i




31

i. Mini – tower(Designed with expanded slots

for upgrades)

i. Desktop(Space optimized with limited

slots for upgrades)

Types of PC form factor

PBC0016 B i C t i d P i




32

Why are COMPUTERSso Useful?

•

Storage• Reliability

• Speed

•

Accuracy• Communication

PBC0016 Basic Comp t ing and ProgrammingPBC0016 Basic Comp t ing and Programming




33

Types of Users

Individuals who uses theproduct after it has beenfully developed and

marketed.

End Users

Small Business Users Small companies

Mobile Users Traveling people

Documents

41050 Chapter 1 the History of Computing and Computer Basics