4.1 Air Sea Interaction Student

7/23/2019 4.1 Air Sea Interaction Student

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CHAPTER 6

Air-Sea Interaction


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Earths SeasonsEarths axis of rotation is tilted _____ with respect

to ecliptic plane traced !" Earths solar or!it#$ Axis alwa"s points in the sa%e direction& ______________

Seasonal chan'es and Earths rotation ca(se (ne)(alsolar heatin' of Earths s(rface


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SeasonsTilt responsi!le for seasons


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*ernal sprin'# e)(inox +arch ,st

____________________________________ S(%%er solstice - .(ne ,st

S(n is directl" ______________________________

A(t(%nal e)(inox Septe%!er ,/rd

S(n is directl" ____________________________

0inter solstice -

1ece%!er ,,nd S(n is directl" _____________________________


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Solar Ener'" on Earth

1eclination2 an'(lar distance of S(n fro% the

_________________________ *aries !etween ___________________________

Tropics 2 recei3es %(ch 'reater ann(al radiation than polar


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Polar areas Arctic Circle 2 66$4 5orth latit(de

Antarctic Circle 2 66$4 So(th latit(de

0inters- ___________________

(p to 6 %onths of ________S(%%ers- ____________________

(p to 6 %onths of ________


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1istri!(tion of Solar Ener'"

$ Solar footprintConcentrated solar

radiation at lowlatit(des

S%all solar footprint

Solar radiation %orediff(se at hi'hlatit(des ar'e solar footprint

Sa%e a%o(nt of radiationspread o3er a lar'er area


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,$ At%osphere a!sor!s radiation Thic7ness 3aries with latit(de

____________________

/$ Al!edo - Reflecti3it" of a s(rface Hi'h al!edo 2 %ore ________

ow al!edo 2 %ore _________

8$ An'le of s(n on sea s(rface 1eter%ines how %(ch radiation

is a!sor!ed and reflected

As an'le increases& _______________________________


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9ceanic Heat :low

Hi'h latit(des2%ore heatlost than 'ained Ice has __________

ar'e solar footprint

ow latit(des2%ore heat'ained than lost

Circ(lation in !oth

oceans and at%ospheretransfer heat


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Troposphere 2 lowest la"er of at%osphere0here all _________________


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1ensit" *ariations in the At%osphere

0ar% air rises ess dense

Cool air sin7s +ore dense

+oist air rises

ess dense1r" air sin7s +ore dense

Con3ection cell 2 risin' and sin7in' air


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At%ospheric Press(re

0hat 7ind of air creates hi'h s(rface press(re;Cool& dr" dense# air ___________ ___________ s(rface press(re

0ar%& %oist air _____________ ___________s(rface press(re


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2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

+o3e%ent of the At%osphere

Air alwaysflows fro% _________________ Ex$


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+o3e%ents in the Air

Exa%ple= a non-rotatin' EarthAir rises at e)(ator low

press(re#Air sin7s at poles hi'h

press(re#


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The Coriolis Effect

Eastward rotation of Earth on its axis deflects the

%o3in' air or water awa" fro% its initial co(rse To_______in 5orthern He%isphere

To ______ in So(thern He%isphere

1(e to Earths _________

http://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?vmcPs!"d#"$%


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The Coriolis EffectCa(sed !" the difference in __________________

> 7%?ho(r at poles +ore than 6>> 7%?ho(r >>> %iles?ho(r# at e)(ator

@reatest effect on o!ects that %o3e______________________________

http://www.youtube.com/watch?vae$&t$&v'(s


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Rotation on a @lo!e

) *u++ao and #uito ocated on same ine o+ on(itude -&) *oth cities circes the (obe in one day -30/24 hours 15/1 hour) #uito has ar(er circum+erence6 thus, traves +arther

) #uito needs to trave +aster than *u++ao


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Apparent 1eflection

) 7ypothetica war (ame

) I+ a cannonba is shot north

+rom #uito

) It wi trave a strai(ht path

) *ut, because Earth isrotatin( east to west

) 8he cannonba appears to

veer to the ri(ht in 9orthern

7emisphere

) han(e in veocity with

atitude is the true cause o+

the oriois E++ect


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@lo!al At%ospheric Circ(lation

Circ(lation Cells 2 set in each he%isphere Hadle" Cell= >2/>B latit(de :errel Cell= />26> B latit(de

Polar Cell= 6>2> B latit(de

http://www.youtub

e.com/watch?

v;7rap


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Hi'h press(re Dones 2 __________________ _______________

S(!tropical hi'hs 2 />B latit(de

Polar hi'hs 2>B latit(de


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ow press(re Dones 2 ________________ _______________________________

E)(atorial low2 e)(ator S(!polar lows 2 6>B latit(de


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@lo!al 0ind 26>Blatit(dePolar easterlies2 6>2>B latit(de


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B latit(de Polar fronts 2 6>B latit(de

Polar fronts

Polar fronts


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IdealiDed Three-Cell +odel+ore co%plex in realit" d(e to 1ifferences in _______________!etween

continents and ocean

1istri!(tion of continents and ocean

__________________


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0eather2 conditions of at%osphere at specific__________________________

Cli%ate2 __________________________

_____________________________


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0indsHi'h and ow Press(re

C"clonic flow loosen# Co(ntercloc7wise

aro(nd a low in5orthern He%isphere

Cloc7wise in So(thern

He%isphereAntic"clonic flow

ti'then# Cloc7wise aro(nd a

hi'h in 5orthern

He%isphere Co(ntercloc7wiseSo(thern He%isphere


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C"clones ow press(re air_____________________

In 9orthern 7emisphere

Antic"clonesHi'h press(re air

!!!!!!!!!!!!!

____________


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0inter hi'h press(re cells are replaced !"s(%%er low press(re cells o3er continents_________________________________

In 9orthern 7emisphere

* i i i + 0i d


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*ariations in +onsoon 0inds

Seasonal

anuaryuy

Exa%ple= Seasonal shifts in at%ospheric press(re o3er Asiaca(ses %onsoon winds$

In summer:

>ir rises over warmed and, condenses

=udden and ar(e voume o+ precipitation

inds accumuate more 72" vapor +rom ocean

In winter have opposite e++ect


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1ifferential solarheatin' is d(e todifferent heatcapacities of land

and water$_________________________

_________________________

Sea and and


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"cean@s cimate


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Tropical and s(!tropical cli%ate Dones

H(rricane - ar'e rotatin' %asses of _________

Also called T"phoons

C"clones


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H(rricane 9ri'ins ow press(re cell


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0inds feed water 3aporinto stor%

_______________________________________

___________________ __________________

________________________________

_______________________________ 1raws additional war% %oist

s(rface air into stor% Intensif"in' stor%


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Re)(ire 9cean water war%er than ____________

Pro3ides water ______________________

0ar%& %oist air Pro3ides __________________________

The Coriolis Effect

Ca(ses stor% to spin

H(rricane season is .(ne 2 5o3e%!er />


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A!o(t >> worldwide per "ear

7istorica =torm 8racAs


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H(rricane 1estr(ction

Hi'h windsIntense rainfall

____________2 increase in shoreline sea le3el +ost se3ere d(rin' ________________


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Stor% 1estr(ction

http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v(dBiiC9Dho+eaturereated

http://www.youtube.com/watch?vF

'ou07*pC4>+eaturerem+u


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H(rricane Intensit"- +eas(red on the ______________


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S(!polar cli%ate Done 0inter sea ice

Polar cli%ate Done Sea ice %ost of the "ear


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Sea Ice :or%ation

Sea ice for%s at s(rface

Salinit" _________________________ 1ecreases freeDin' point

_____________________________________________

________________

_________________ S(rface water freeDes

Esta!lish a circ(lationpattern

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4.1 Air Sea Interaction Student