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Values
Section 3
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 19
Doonan wetland
20 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
3 Values
The Sunshine Coast’s waterways and coastal foreshores have many ecological, social and economic 'values' (useful or desirable features), including those outlined below.
3.1 Ecological values
3.1.1 Aquatic, riparian and coastal ecosystemsThe Sunshine Coast’s waterways and coastal foreshores
contain a range of important aquatic, riparian and
coastal ecosystems including:
Aquatic ecosystemsPools, riffles, undercut banks and snags are some of the
numerous aquatic ecosystems that provide critical habitat
for a variety of aquatic macroinvertebrates (water bugs)
and larger aquatic animals. The Mary River system has
mid-channel geomorphic units termed pool-riffle-sandbar
sequences. The Federal Government has recently
accepted a nomination for the inclusion of this aquatic
ecosystem type in the EPBC Threatened Ecological
Communities listing.
Riparian vegetationRiparian vegetation plays a critical role in stabilising
banks, filtering nutrients and sediment from overland
flows, and regulating water temperature, sunlight levels
and aquatic plant growth. Riparian vegetation also
contributes woody debris to waterways, which provides
habitat for a diverse range of fish, insects, crustaceans
and other aquatic organisms. The Sunshine Coast also
has significant but dwindling areas of riparian gallery
rainforest which is classified as 'endangered' according
to the state Vegetation Management Act 1999.
WetlandsWetlands provide many valuable ecosystem services,
including contribution to biodiversity, provision of flood
control through short-term storage of floodwaters,
groundwater recharge and water purification. They
help maintain important hydrological and ecological
processes, such as groundwater re-charge, nutrient
cycling and sediment trapping. Local wetlands also
provide unique habitats that support a wide variety
of aquatic and amphibious animals, including local
and migratory birds and vulnerable frog species such
as the wallum sedge frog, wallum froglet and wallum
rocket frog. The Sunshine Coast has all or part of eight
wetlands listed in the Wetlands of National Importance
Directory: Obi Obi Creek, Pumicestone Passage, Bribie
Island, Lake Weyba, Coolum Creek and Lower Maroochy
River, Upper Pumicestone Coastal Plain, Conondale
Range Aggregation which includes the upper reaches
of Bundaroo Creek and Booloumba Creek and Lower
Mooloolah River.
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 21
SeagrassSeagrass meadows provide a direct food source for
grazing marine animals such as dugongs and turtles and
provide habitat and food for marine invertebrates such
as crustaceans and molluscs. The Pumicestone Passage
has the Sunshine Coast’s largest seagrass meadows,
made up primarily of eelgrass (Zostera capricorni)
and paddleweed (Halophila ovalis). Smaller seagrass
meadows occur in the Maroochy River.
MangrovesExtensive mangrove forests along Sunshine Coast river
estuaries and coastal lagoons provide important habitat
for commercial and recreational fish species. Mangroves
also offer feeding, roosting, breeding and recuperation
areas for birds, crustaceans, molluscs, worms and
insects. Mangrove forests with exceptional natural values
are found in all of the Sunshine Coast’s major coastal
river systems and include a mixture of six species: grey
(Avicennia marina), orange (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza),
river (Aegiceras corniculatum), red (Rhizophora stylosa),
milky (Excoecaria agallocha) and white–flowered black
mangrove (Lumnitzera racemosa), and understorey
species such as the mangrove fern (Acrostichum
speciosum) and swamp lily (Crinum pedunculatum).
Coastal dune/wallum vegetationCoastal dune vegetation of spinifex, pandanus, sheoak
and swamp paperbark occur along coastal foreshores.
These communities play an important role in protecting
dunes from erosion by heavy seas, as well as providing
valuable habitat for coastal fauna. On the Sunshine
Coast, the Noosa-Maroochy Wallum Corridor forms one
of the most important connected coastal habitat areas
and is home to an array of threatened ecosystems,
plants and animals.
3.1.2 Unique species and habitatThe Sunshine Coast is located in a zone of high
biodiversity, at the overlap between tropical and
temperate zones of the east Australian coast.
FreshwaterAn abundance and variety of aquatic species including
more than 35 freshwater fish species exist on the
Sunshine Coast, a number of which are species of
regional, national and international significance. Under
the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999, listed threatened
species include the Mary River cod, Mary River turtle
and Queensland lungfish, which only occur naturally in
the Mary River Catchment. The giant barred frog and
cascade tree frog are other local threatened species
listed under the EPBC Act.
Mangrove forest Empire Gudgeon
G. S
chm
ida
22 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Coastal/MarineCoastal and marine ecosystems offer valuable services,
ranging from fisheries to tourism, coastal protection to
medicines. Biodiversity assessments have revealed that
shallow reefs between Noosa and Caloundra support a
high diversity of corals, molluscs and fish.
TurtlesSunshine Coast beaches support a small, but significant
proportion of the Queensland mainland’s southern
breeding population of the Loggerhead turtle (Caretta
caretta). The Loggerhead is classified as Endangered
under state and federal legislation. Nesting occurs
sporadically between Kings Beach and Coolum Beach,
with higher densities occurring at Shelly Beach and
Buddina Beach. It has been predicted that nesting on the
Sunshine Coast will increase over the next few decades
as a result of improved fishing practices and increasing
water temperatures. The current and predicted growth in
turtle nesting on Sunshine Coast beaches highlights the
need for continued protection of the coastal environment.
Migratory birdsOur coastline provides critical habitat for migratory
and resident shorebirds and terns. Travelling from
breeding grounds in arctic Asia, Alaska and the North
Pacific, some birds can fly as much as 12,000 km to
reach Australia. To recuperate from long flights and
in preparation for the return journey, migratory birds
require space, food and protection from predators and
disturbances which is offered by our beaches, coastal
dunes and river mouths.
3.2 Social values
3.2.1 Cultural heritageThe local Aboriginal people have an ancient and
ongoing association with the environment and its
management, including a complex cultural, spiritual
and social relationship with natural waterways and
coastal foreshores. There are many sites and places
(e.g. Mudjimba Island) of cultural significance alongside
Sunshine Coast waterways that contain material items
linked to traditional law, customs, stories and spiritual
ownership. Many native animals, birds and plant
species, including aquatic species, also have Aboriginal
cultural significance. The recognition, protection and
conservation of indigenous and European culture values
associated with coastal foreshores need to be factored
into all decisions affecting the planning and management
of our natural waterways and coastline.
The modern Sunshine Coast population has a distinct
attachment to its waterways, which has shaped its
culture. Many current local features such as place names
and old structures are reminders of the strong links
between the history and waterways of the Sunshine
Coast. For example, a lift bridge over the upper Maroochy
River was previously part of the tramway that brought
cane from many farms to the Nambour mill for crushing.
European cultural heritage associated with our coastal
foreshores includes the Kings Beach Bathing Pavilion,
the former Caloundra Lighthouse and the SS Dicky
wreck. The SS Dicky wreck is a prominent feature of the
Dicky Beach landscape and is a reminder of the dangers
associated with sea travel in the 19th and early
20th centuries.
SS Dicky wreckMigratory birds, Caloundra
J. D
enni
ng
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 23
3.2.2 Recreation and open space The Sunshine Coast’s waterways and coastal
foreshores, including their adjacent open space
networks of parks and conservation areas, are easily
accessed and provide residents and visitors with a
wide range of opportunities for socialising, relaxation
and recreational activities including, kite surfing,
surfing, skiing, canoeing, fishing, swimming, scuba
diving, snorkelling, walking, picnicking and riding.
Combined with the region’s subtropical climate, these
opportunities underpin the iconic Sunshine Coast
lifestyle, and are a key reason why many people like
living here.
BeachesThe Sunshine Coast boasts some of the world’s best
beaches offering clean white sand, great water quality
and excellent surf breaks. Popular Sunshine Coast
beaches are regularly cleaned mechanically by Council
and lifeguard services are provided to ensure public
safety. The beaches are also important to the successful
surf lifesaving clubs that operate from the Sunshine
Coast’s coastal foreshores.
Rocky headlands/foreshoresThe rocky headlands and foreshores of the Sunshine
Coast, including Point Arkwright, Point Cartwright and
Caloundra Head provide a habitat for specialised animals
and plants tolerant of living in a high energy environment.
This important coastal resource provides an educational
opportunity for the community to access and explore the
intertidal zones of these rocky structures and to learn
about the associated biology.
Bulcock Beach Currimundi Lake
Coastal lagoonsThe Sunshine Coast has a number of coastal lagoons,
including Stumers, Coondibah and Tooway Creeks and
Currimundi Lake. These are attractive to residents and
visitors alike and are popular places for swimming,
fishing, canoeing and boating. Management of the
lagoons typically focuses on protecting these social
values, but they are also important and unique ecological
systems at the interface between freshwater coastal
catchments and the sea.
Landscape and recreationConstructed water bodies and associated
infrastructure can provide a range of social values
including recreational opportunities (e.g. canoeing,
model boating, walking, viewing wildlife) and landscape
or scenic values (e.g. waterfront living). Local
communities value these local water bodies for their
recreational and amenity value.
24 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
3.2.3 Active community, industry and stakeholder groups
Community, industry and stakeholder groups are well
established on the Sunshine Coast and are actively
involved in planning and on-ground waterways and
coastal management projects. Many groups have
either led or contributed to the development and
implementation of strategies and plans in conjunction
with industry representatives (tourism, commercial,
fishing, recreation), Council and State Government
agencies. Most of these groups are associated with a
particular catchment, waterway or the monitoring and
protection of particular species.
3.2.4 Coastal protectionAn important, but often overlooked service provided by
coastal foreshores is the protection that they provide to
the adjacent built environment. Well vegetated coastal
dunes and rocky headlands have a tremendous capacity
to absorb wave energy and thereby protect roads and
buildings from inundation.
3.3 Economic values
3.3.1 Tourism drawcardTourism is the Sunshine Coast’s largest industry sector in
terms of profile, employment and output. The Sunshine
Coast’s natural features, climate and lifestyle continue to
attract millions of visitors. Visitors value the environment
and leisure and recreational opportunities associated
with rivers, creeks, coastal lagoons and beaches. The
continued success and growth of tourism is dependent
on the effective management our natural waterways and
coastal foreshores.
3.3.2 Attractive setting for business and residential settlement
Healthy waterways and coastal foreshores are
synonymous with the look and feel of the Sunshine
Coast and contribute to a point of difference from other
areas whereby an attractive setting is provided for the
establishment of businesses and a place to settle.
Many businesses and residents seek to locate in
coastal areas or along waterways to take advantage
of the scenic values and direct access which provide
opportunities for leisure and recreational activities.
The effective management of our waterways and
coastal foreshores will assist the Sunshine Coast to
maintain this point of difference, attract business and
strengthen the local economy.
Surfing, Sunshine Coast
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 25
3.3.3 Primary industriesThe health of the Sunshine Coast waterways and
coastal environments are important to a number of
primary industries that support different workforce
sectors and contribute significantly to the local economy.
Healthy waterways are critical for the Sunshine Coast’s
commercial fishing industry in that they provide shelter
and breeding areas that support healthy and abundant
fish populations. The commercial fishing industry
provides locals and visitors alike with fresh and clean
seafood of a world class standard and is itself a
drawcard for tourism.
The Sunshine Coast’s waterways also provide water and
fertile soil for horticulture (e.g. ginger, strawberries and
sugar cane) and grazing (e.g. beef and dairy) and clean
water for aquaculture.
3.3.4 Extractive industriesThe channels and alluvial floodplains of Sunshine Coast
rivers contain large volumes of sand and gravel which
provide important raw materials for industry. Significant
historical and current sand and gravel extraction has
occurred from the Mary, Maroochy and Mooloolah Rivers,
and a sand reserve in the Meridan Plains area within the
Mooloolah River floodplain is earmarked for extraction in
the near future.
3.3.5 On-site fill extraction for urban developmentThe on-site extraction of fill for urban development
which is used to raise building platforms, provides an
inexpensive resource that would otherwise need to be
imported to site at a higher cost to the development
industry. This type of extraction is often associated with
large CWB developments.
3.3.6 Water supplyFive water storage impoundments supply the Sunshine
Coast community with its drinking water: Ewen Maddock
Dam, Cooloolabin Dam, Baroon Pocket Dam, Wappa
Dam and Poona Dam. The protection and enhancement
of the natural waterways that feed these storages is
therefore essential for maintaining high-quality drinking
water for the region and protecting human health, as well
as providing economic benefits associated with retail
water distribution.
Baroon Pocket Dam, MalenyIrrigation, Mary River
26 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Challenges
Section 4
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 27
28 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
4 Challenges
Our waterways and coastal foreshores are under pressure from a range of management challenges (see below) that have potentially serious environmental, economic and social consequences for a community highly reliant on these assets.
4.1 Accommodating population growth and demandPopulation growth can represent a significant threat
to the health of waterways and coastal foreshores.
The Sunshine Coast is home to an estimated resident
population of 285,000 people in 2014 and the population
is estimated to reach approximately 470,000 by 2036
(Queensland Treasury). The South East Queensland
Healthy Waterways Partnership has highlighted urban
runoff, rural runoff and wastewater discharge associated
with population growth as the major pressures likely
to result in declining waterway health across South
East Queensland.
With a growing population comes proportional growth in
water-based tourism activities. While the influx of visitors
and holiday makers to the Sunshine Coast contributes
significantly to the local economy, it coincides with an
increased demand for infrastructure and nature-based
recreational opportunities, which have the potential to
negatively impact on the Sunshine Coast’s waterways
and coastal foreshores. Increasing competition between
uses is occurring in the Maroochy and Mooloolah River
estuaries, the Pumicestone Passage, as well as along
the coastline. A key challenge is to plan for recreational
and leisure activities while at the same time minimising
environmental impacts such as stream bank erosion
and noise pollution, and protecting public safety and
general amenity.
4.2 Preparing for climate changeIn 2010 Council adopted the Sunshine Coast Climate
Change and Peak Oil Strategy 2010-2020 in response to
climate change and peak oil issues.
The scientific community continues to provide evidence
of climate change and its likely impact on the global
community. Notable projected changes in the Sunshine
Coast climate and environment include:
• higher temperatures with increase average annual
temperature and greater warming of inland areas
• more hot days and fewer cold nights
• lower annual average rainfall volumes and the
potential for more droughts
• more intense storm events
• an increase in cyclone intensity
• a rise in global average sea level and an
associated increase in risk from storm surges along
Queensland’s coast.
These projections need to be considered in future
planning and management of the Sunshine Coast’s
waterways and coastal foreshores.
Storm event, Caloundra
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 29
4.3 Managing the total water cycle Total Water Cycle Management Planning aims to consider
and integrate all elements of the water cycle to deliver
the community’s needs and aspirations for water in a
way that optimises social and environmental benefits and
minimises costs. Five key elements of Total Water Cycle
Management are:
• Water efficiency and recycling
• Integrated management of urban and rural water
• Water Sensitive Urban Design in development
• Stormwater management to improve water quality
and water supply and to minimise the alteration to
natural flow regimes
• A focus on catchment management to protect
drinking water supplies through improved
ecosystem health, and prevent degradation of
waterways from pollution.
A shared responsibility for the management of these
elements exists between Council, the State Government
and organisations, including Unitywater, South East
Queensland Water and the Queensland Water Commission.
4.4 Managing the quality of runoff
Rural runoffRural runoff is a major source of waterway pollution. Given
the large rural areas across the Sunshine Coast, improving
the quality of runoff from these areas is an important local
management challenge. Rural runoff delivers sediment,
nutrients and chemical and microbial contaminants (e.g.
fertilisers, pesticides and animal faeces) to waterways.
Activities that increase loads of these contaminants
include riparian and catchment vegetation clearing,
horticulture, unsealed rural roads, and unrestricted stock
access to waterways. Landslips are another key challenge
which can generate large volumes of sediment.
Urban runoff — developing areasSediment runoff rates from construction sites are
typically greater than those from agricultural lands. With
major land developments underway and more proposed
for the Sunshine Coast, urban runoff from these
sources needs to be carefully managed to minimise its
potentially-serious impacts on waterway health. This
challenge is particularly relevant for the Mooloolah River,
Pumicestone Passage and Maroochy River catchments,
where significant development areas have been
identified by the South East Queensland Regional Plan
2009. Sediment and associated contaminants in urban
runoff can be detrimental to fish health, smother aquatic
habitats and impede aquatic plant growth.
Urban runoff — developed areasThe stormwater network associated with our developed
residential and commercial environments directs
contaminants, including petrochemicals, detergents,
nutrients, microbial pathogens, sediment, fertilisers,
pesticides and toxicants into our natural waterways.
Sources of these contaminants include chemicals used
on gardens and playing fields, organic matter from leaf
fall and garden waste, general street litter and pet faecal
matter. In addition, the hard, impervious surfaces in
urban areas can lead to changes in velocity, volumes and
frequency of runoff during rainfall. Such changes to the
natural flow regimes can disrupt the life cycle of some
aquatic animals and cause streams to widen and deepen
thereby scouring aquatic habitats and contributing more
sediment to receiving waters.
Rural runoff
Urban runoff — developing areas
30 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Industrial runoffIn Queensland, industrial activities with the potential
to harm the environment are called 'environmentally
relevant activities' (ERAs) and are regulated under
the Environmental Protection Act 1994. ERAs such as
chemical processing, waste treatment and spray painting
need to be carefully managed to prevent the export of
harmful contaminants that adversely impact on water
quality and aquatic animals.
4.5 Managing groundwaterGroundwater plays a significant role in maintaining
the health of ecosystems associated with springs and
wetland areas, as well as low-flow conditions in many
surface waterways. Groundwater ecosystems also
support 'stygofauna', which are small invertebrates such
as crustaceans, insects, gastropods, and worms that
are specially adapted to living in underground aquatic
environments. In Queensland, groundwater management
is primarily the responsibility of the Department of
Environment and Resource Management.
4.6 Minimising other impacts on waterways
WastewaterEight major treatment plants receive and treat sewage
and trade waste from across the Sunshine Coast, and
most of these plants discharge wastewater directly
into natural waterways. The issue of wastewater
treatment and disposal will require greater resources
and innovation as the Sunshine Coast's population, and
hence wastewater loads, continue to increase.
Unitywater, the regional business provider for water
supply and sewerage services, is directly responsible
for minimising these impacts, under the regulation of the
Department of Environment and Resource Management,
however, as a leader of waterway management on the
Sunshine Coast, council also has a role to play in these
decisions.
On-site sewerage systemsRural areas are largely unsewered and many properties
use domestic on-site sewerage facilities. Poor
management of on-site sewerage facilities can impact
on water quality and create human health risks. Council’s
On-site Sewerage Management Program encourages
the effective operation of on-site sewerage facilities, by
ensuring that regular maintenance is undertaken.
Sand/gravel extractionThe environmental impacts of sand and gravel extraction
from the Sunshine Coast’s natural waterways and
floodplains can be far-ranging, from extraction sites to
several kilometres downstream in receiving waters, as
well as across all connected groundwater reservoirs.
Impacts typically include changes to the shape of the
waterway, riverbed and riverbank erosion, poor water
quality due to discharge of turbid, sediment-laden
waters, changes to groundwater quality and quantity,
loss of riparian vegetation, and the destruction of in-
stream habitats. After floodplain and gravel extraction
projects are completed, large CWBs often remain which
can present a long-term management issue for those
which become Council owned. Runoff associated with
quarrying activities also presents a potential impact to
waterway health.
4.7 Maintaining riparian and in-stream healthBuilding resilience into our natural waterways through
protecting and restoring streamside zones will become
increasingly important to maintain waterway health as our
climate changes. Healthy, vegetated riparian zones will
be necessary to protect bed and bank stability, regulate
temperature and light levels and filter overland flows.
Streamside vegetation also provides a carbon sink to
sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, making
a local contribution to reducing further climate change.
Revegetation works, Maroochy River
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 31
Vegetation ClearingRiparian and in-stream health can be impacted
when vegetation is cleared either to accommodate
development and infrastructure or for agricultural
purposes.
Controlling riparian weedsThe health of existing and rehabilitated riparian vegetation
can be threatened by riparian weeds including Camphor
laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Japanese sunflower
(Tithonia diversifolia) and Bana grass (Pennisetum
purpureum). Highly problematic introduced vine
species along Sunshine Coast waterways include cat's
claw creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati), Madeira vine
(Anredera cordifolia), glycine (Neonotonia wightii) and
morning glory (Ipomoea indica). These vines can strangle
or smother native riparian vegetation and interfere with
the important functions that the riparian zone performs for
waterway health and biodiversity health.
Managing aquatic pest speciesInfestations of aquatic weeds can have significant
adverse affects upon waterway health and biodiversity.
The Sunshine Coast Council has four declared aquatic
weed species — cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana),
salvinia (Salvinia molesta), water hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) —
and numerous other undeclared nuisance species.
Controlling these species requires a range of physical,
biological and chemical control methods. Also,
introduced (exotic) fish species can display aggressive
behaviour (e.g. fin nipping) and displace native fish from
their natural habitat. A common introduced species in
most Sunshine Coast waterways is the Eastern Gambusia
(Gambusia holbrooki).
Maintaining environmental fl owsWater supply infrastructure, including dams and other
impoundments constructed within natural waterways,
usually impact on the health of downstream habitats
by changing natural flow patterns and reducing overall
flows. In regulated systems, environmental flows are
required to maintain species diversity, ecological
processes, habitat conditions and river channel shape.
Adequate environmental flows mimic the frequency,
timing, magnitude and duration of natural flows.
Across South East Queensland, there is a growing
challenge to supply water for both humans and the
environment. Aquatic environments downstream of
Sunshine Coast impoundments may be at a considerable
risk, given the water demands of the South East
Queensland Water Grid and projected reductions in
rainfall runoff due to climate change. Some of the affected
receiving waters, including Obi Obi Creek downstream
of Baroon Pocket Dam, contain significant habitat for
threatened species listed in the Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
Managing fi sh passageThe ability of native fish to move freely upstream and
downstream is critical to their survival as they search
for food and shelter, travel to breeding sites and avoid
predators. Unfortunately, hundreds of structures
including dams, weirs and road crossings have been
constructed on Sunshine Coast waterways which
impede fish passage. These structures can also reduce
water quality, alter natural flow regimes and accumulate
sediment in upstream pools.
Salvinia
DE
ED
I
32 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
4.8 Managing constructed water bodiesThe accumulation of nutrient rich sediments and
organic loads, long retention times, and poor mixing in
constructed water bodies (CWBs) can lead to numerous
water quality issues. These include high rates of algal
and plant growth, low dissolved oxygen, odours, reduced
amenity and periodic or continuous release of nutrient
rich, pollutant-laden water. If not managed correctly,
CWBs have the potential to result in both environmental
and public health issues.
Determining and funding reasonable service levelsCommunity expectations are generally centred on
preserving open water views, free of vegetation and
algae, recreation opportunities and ensuring that
environmental health requirements are met. However, due
to potential water quality issues and high costs associated
with the required intervention and specific physical
constraints of CWBs, it needs to be determined if these
expectations are achievable for all constructed systems.
The management of CWBs can require high levels of
maintenance and perpetual maintenance intervention,
which is costly. These costs need to be considered in the
context of balancing reasonable service levels and
risk mitigation.
Managing CWBs over entire life cyclesAs water bodies age, water quality generally deteriorates
and more intervention is required to deliver the same
outcome or benefit enjoyed previously. CWBs may also
incorporate components including revetment walls, weirs,
foot bridges, pumps, and fountains which require specific
management. Eventually, CWBs and components may
reach a point where renewal, retrofit, or decommission
works are required to minimise costs and risk. Design
and management of CWBs needs to focus on improving
resource efficiency, minimising risk and lifecycle costs
while delivering agreed reasonable levels of service.
4.9 Managing for coastal hazardsCoastal hazards include coastal erosion, sea level rise
and coastal inundation.
Beach and dune erosionThe coastal foreshore is a dynamic environment which
is shaped and re-shaped by waves, wind and ocean
currents. On a daily basis, the foreshore is subjected
to tidal and wave action, however, from time to time
the intense wave energy that comes with large seas,
which are usually associated with tropical cyclones or
'east coast lows', results in significant beach and dune
erosion. This erosion can have negative impacts on the
local economy, particularly tourism, when beaches are
scoured or depleted of sand. Even more costly to the
community is the potential for damage if sand dunes,
which provide a natural barrier between the ocean and
coastal communities, are eroded.
While erosion is a natural process and coastlines are
constantly changing, the increased sea level and storm
severity that are projected to result from climate change
mean that the coastline is likely to change more rapidly
than previously witnessed.
Storm surge and projected sea level riseCoastal floodplains are occasionally subjected to
inundation by storm surge (sometime known as storm
tide). A storm surge is a localised elevation in sea level
caused by low air pressure and high wind speeds and is
usually associated with large storm events (e.g. cyclones
and east coast lows). Storm surge is most damaging
when combined with a high or king tide because water
levels are already elevated. The shape of the sea floor
and adjacent bays, and headlands affect the height of
storm surges, while the shape and size of river mouths
affects the extent of inundation.
Aquatic weed harvester Eroding frontal dune, Bribie Island
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 33
Global warming is likely to result in sea level rising at a
much faster rate than previously witnessed. During the
20th century the sea level rose by about 0.17m. The draft
Queensland Coastal Plan 2009 provides a minimum sea
level rise projection for 2100 of 0.8m relative to 1990
levels based on the 2003 Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) risk assessment, however, the
Commonwealth Department of Climate Change used
1.1m by 2100 in its First Pass Risk Assessment for the
Australian coastline. The Sunshine Coast Climate
Change and Peak Oil Strategy 2010 - 2020 has
endorsed the use of the 1.1m projected sea level rise
for long term planning.5
With the projected increases in sea level and storm
surges, low lying freshwater and estuarine systems will
be more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion and inundation.
During projected higher-intensity storm events,
freshwater reaches will be subject to increased bank
erosion and pollutant runoff. In between such events,
extended dry periods and increasing temperatures are
likely to reduce environmental flows and water quality
that will potentially affect aquatic life and river
recreational activities.
4.10 Managing coastal lagoons The Sunshine Coast has a number of coastal lagoons
which are separated from the ocean for much of the
year but are occasionally connected and replenished
with marine water. Balancing the competing social/
recreational and environmental requirements and the
approvals required to manage the opening and closing
of these systems is a challenge for coastal management.
4.11 Managing coastal algal blooms, weeds and pest animals
Coastal algal bloomsCoastal algal blooms in estuarine and marine waters
of South East Queensland have been increasing in
frequency and extent since the mid 1990s. When present,
these blooms can pose a significant threat to water
quality, biodiversity, human health, and the recreational
and commercial values of coastal waterways. On the
Sunshine Coast this has included large recurring blooms
of Hinksia (Hinksia sordida), the occurrence of Lyngbya
(Lyngbya majuscula) and repeated blooms of sea sawdust
(Trichodesmium sp.).
The occurrence and severity of blooms may relate
to changes in water quality arising from increasing
population, catchment land use and climate change.
Coastal weeds and pest animalsThe impacts of weeds and pest animals are wide
ranging and they pose a major threat to biodiversity
within coastal ecosystems. Garden escapees such
as glory lily (Gloriosa superba) and asparagus fern
(Asparagus sp.) are common invaders of dunal and
headland ecosystems, outcompeting local species
and displacing native vegetation. The health of our
iconic pandanus trees (Pandanus tectorius) has been
under threat from an insect invader, the pandanus flatid
(Jamella australiae), introduced to the Sunshine Coast
from northern Queensland, while the breeding success
of marine turtles nesting on Sunshine Coast beaches is
threatened by the predatory behaviour of foxes
(Vulpes vulpes).
Coastal weeds, Kings Beach
5 The Sunshine Coast Planning Scheme 2014 adopts a sea level rise projection of 0.8 metres by 2100. This reflects scientific evidence on sea level rise which became available post the adoption of the Sunshine Coast Climate Change and Peak Oil Strategy.
34 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Strategic Directions
Section 5
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 35
36 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
5 Strategic Directions
5.1 Waterways and coastal foreshores vision
This vision recognises that the health of our natural
waterways and coastal foreshores is critical to our
environment, lifestyle and local economy. Its key elements
represent our motivation and starting point for action.
Continual investment in improvements to waterway
health is critical to ensure the ongoing success of local
industries and ongoing quality of recreational and leisure
activities associated with our waterways and coastal
foreshores.
The vision is accompanied by the by-line ‘Our waterways
– valued, healthy, enjoyed', to acknowledge the
economic, environment and social values associated
with these assets. The by-line will be used to promote
waterway and coastal management initiatives associated
with the implementation of the Strategy.
5.2 Framework, principles, objectives and strategic outcomesA waterways and coastal management framework
(Figure 5.1) has been developed which outlines
proposed major deliverables for the Strategy including:
• holistic and integrated catchment and estuary
management plans for each of the Sunshine Coast’s
catchments
• the establishment of marine zones for the Maroochy
and Mooloolah River estuaries and Pumicestone
Passage
• a total water cycle management plan for the
Sunshine Coast
• a management framework and associated strategic
asset management plan for constructed water
bodies
• a coastal land management plan for the Sunshine
Coast and associated shoreline erosion management
plans covering the entire coastline.
The Sunshine Coast’s waterways and coastal foreshores are ecologically healthy, well-managed assets that underpin our livelihoods and lifestyles.
ValuedOur waterways support many livelihoods associated with water-dependent commercial businesses and the tourism and agricultural industries that contribute signifi cantly to the Sunshine Coast economy.
EnjoyedOur waterways are central to the coastal lifestyle enjoyed by locals and visitors alike, providing abundant recreational and leisure activities.
HealthyHealthy waterways contribute to the health of our environments. They are important to the health and well being of our communities and contribute to our sense of identity and economic strength. The Sunshine Coast community is fortunate in that its coastline and most of its waterways are in good health.
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 37
Waterways Natural
Constructed
Coastal
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Framework
Maroochy River Marine Zone
Maroochy River Catchment and Estuary Management Plan
Mooloolah River Catchment and Estuary Management Plan
Mooloolah River Marine Zone
Pumicestone Catchment and Estuary Management Plan
Pumicestone PassageMarine Zone
Stanley Catchment Action Plan
MaroochyRiver
Mooloolah River
Pumicestone Passage
Mary River Catchment Management Plan
MaryRiver
StanleyRiver
Sunshine Coast Total Water Cycle Management Plan
CWB Management Framework CWB Asset Management Plan
Bribie Island to Caloundra Head SEMP
Caloundra Head to Point
Cartwright SEMP
Mooloolaba to Mudjimba
SEMP
Mudjimba to Coolum
SEMP
Sunshine Coast Coastal Land Management
Plan
In addition, because of their inherent differences, a
separate set of principles, an objective and strategic
outcomes have been developed for natural waterways,
constructed water bodies and coastal foreshores.
It is intended that adherence to the principles and
implementation of the future actions developed from
the strategic outcomes will assist to achieve the
objectives proposed for waterways and coastal
foreshore management.
Figure 5.1: Waterways and coastal management framework6
6 Sunshine Coast Council adopted the Pumicestone Passage and Catchment Action Plan 2013-2016 on 27 March 2014, and the Coastal Management Policy (Public Lands) and Sunshine Coast Council Shoreline Erosion Management Plan on 24 April 2014.
Major deliverables for waterway and coastal management.
Existing plan that will be supported by Council.
SEMP — Shoreline Erosion Management PlanCWB — Constructed Water Body.
38 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Natural waterways
Principles1 Natural waterways are an integral part of the
Sunshine Coast’s natural environment, culture, sense
of place and economic prosperity.
2 Management seeks to balance the recreation/social,
environmental, economic and cultural values in a
considered way.
3 Natural waterway management is best conducted
in partnership with government, industry, non
government organisations and the community.
4 Legislative and planning instruments assist in the
protection of aquatic and riparian ecosystems.
5 Aquatic and riparian ecosystems are protected and
enhanced.
6 Catchments are the units by which natural
waterways are managed.
7 Cultural heritage and social history associated with
natural waterways are protected, promoted and well
managed.
8 The connections of Aboriginal Traditional Owners to
the landscape and their ecological knowledge are
recognised and respected.
9 Catchment pressures are managed through regional
initiatives and catchment specific management
plans.
10 Improvements to waterway health are made through
the identification and management of diffuse and
point sources of waterway pollution.
11 Climate change considerations are incorporated into
natural waterway management.
12 Natural waterway management adheres to the
principles of adaptive management whereby
available data, emerging technologies and the
effectiveness of implemented initiatives inform future
projects.
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 39
Natural waterways objectiveTo provide a coordinated, integrated and informed approach to the protection, rehabilitation, sustainable use and enjoyment of natural waterways.
Strategic outcomes
NW 1 Develop integrated legislative and planning instruments to protect natural waterways.
The development and application of specific provisions for inclusion in the new planning scheme may assist in the
protection of high value waterway and wetland ecosystems. Tools may include the development of comprehensive
waterways mapping, internal policies and codes, including rehabilitation guidelines. Formal submissions and advice
may be provided to inform the development of State Planning Policies related to natural waterways and participation
in natural waterway management advisory/technical/reference groups will also be considered. Scientific and
planning advice can be provided to minimise potential waterway health impacts associated with major State
infrastructure projects.
NW 2 Develop a natural waterways management framework.
The proposed framework provides natural waterway management on the Sunshine Coast with a definite structure.
Development of the framework may involve documentation of relevant legislation, the identification of internal and
external structures and responsibilities, jurisdictions as well as tools used and/or developed for management.
NW 3 Develop and sustain partnerships with government, industry, universities, regional natural resource
management bodies and community groups.
Management of the Sunshine Coast’s natural waterways is intended to be undertaken in partnership with
government, industry, universities, regional natural resource management bodies, Aboriginal traditional owners
and community groups. The development and refinement of a structure will be considered to ensure relevant
stakeholders are identified, informed and involved in natural waterway management. Partnerships may be sustained
through the establishment of an intergovernmental management committee, community and industry stakeholder
groups, a catchment group network and ongoing support for community groups through partnership program.
Strengthening internal partnerships is a critical element to achieve improved water quality across Council activities.
NW 4 Develop and implement catchment and estuary management plans.
The Sunshine Coast’s five major catchments are all unique and the type and extent of management challenges vary
considerably. For this reason, catchment and estuary management plans will be used to manage challenges and
achieve a balance for social (recreational use and access, cultural significance, residential waterfront communities),
environmental (waterway health), and economic (tourism and water based industries) values. Management initiatives
for coastal lagoons will be considered under this strategic outcome.
NW 5 Manage on-river activities.
Population growth, and the associated increasing demand for recreational space on our estuaries, is a key challenge
for waterways management. The establishment of marine zones and associate compliance arrangements for
Sunshine Coast waterways will be investigated as a means to address this challenge and the range of associated
amenity, marine safety and environmental concerns.
NW 6 Develop a total water cycle management plan.
To deliver the community’s needs and aspirations for water in a way that optimises social and environmental benefits
and minimises costs, a Sunshine Coast total water cycle management plan that considers and integrates all
elements of the water cycle will be developed as a statutory requirement.
NW 7 Manage waterway pollution incidents.
Waterway health and fish communities can be impacted by pollution incidents such as oil spills and pesticide
contamination. Council operational staff in cooperation with state agencies may be required to undertake on-ground
containment and cleanup activities to minimise the impacts on environmental and social/recreational values. The
development of new, and the refinement of existing protocols may be considered.
40 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
NW 8 Develop land management initiatives in partnership with the rural industry and state government to improve
waterway health.
Healthy Waterways modelling indicates that rural runoff is a major source of pollution impacting on waterway health.
Given large areas of the Sunshine Coast are under active agriculture, partnerships that support and encourage
agricultural producers to apply best practice environmental management should be explored. In addition, improved
management of rural roads and on site wastewater facilities will mitigate sediment and nutrient loads from rural
areas.
NW 9 Promote and increase the uptake of the Sunshine Coast erosion and sediment control program.
Muddy stormwater runoff from land development, construction and infrastructure sites is the largest and yet most
controllable contributor of waterway pollutants. The erosion and sediment control program will address stormwater
runoff from both Council and industry construction sites through policy and planning, partnerships and advocacy,
education and training, monitoring and research and compliance and enforcement.
NW 10 Develop waterway initiatives that target industrial sources of pollution.
Council is responsible for the regulation of a number of environmentally relevant activities (ERAs) which can impact
on waterway health. A gap analysis of Council devolved ERAs may be considered to determine both pollutants
being released and suitable management options which need to be developed.
NW 11 Develop management initiatives targeting stormwater quality and quantity.
The stormwater network associated with existing and new urbanised areas on the Sunshine Coast can deliver
poor quality runoff to our waterways thereby impacting on waterway health. Improvements may be made through
the support and implementation of local, regional, state and national litter collection programs, the maintenance
of existing litter reduction infrastructure (e.g. trash racks) and the installation of Stormwater Quality Improvement
Devices and Water Sensitive Urban Design to reduce sediment and nutrient loads. Stormwater education may also
be considered.
NW 12 Reduce impacts of wastewater on waterway health.
Inputs from sewage treatment plants can impact adversely on waterway health. The development and
implementation of collaborative projects with Unitywater and the Department of Environment and Resource
Management including alternative options for re-use and discharge of treated effluent might be investigated.
NW 13 Undertake and support activities to improve the condition of riparian and instream habitats.
The health of riparian and in-stream habitat can be impacted by both human activities and pest species. The
rehabilitation of these habitats can provide improved social and environmental outcomes. These outcomes may
be achieved through innovative Council projects, continued maintenance of Council owned riparian lands and the
extension activities of both Council conservation partnership officers and local catchment/community groups.
Consideration will be given to:
• the community partnerships, environment grants and conservation programs which support community groups
and landholders
• an evaluation of environmental flows to maintain water quality, habitat connectivity, hydraulic habitats and
biopassage
• On-ground works including native revegetation, mangrove reinstatements, riparian/aquatic pest species
management, bank stabilisation (e.g. log reintroduction), fencing and installation of stock watering points.
In urban waterways where infrastructure is threatened and remediation works are required, the capital works funding
program will be considered.
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 41
NW 14 Develop internal and/or adopt external guidelines to inform the delivery of Council’s capital works and
maintenance program in and adjacent to waterways to reduce environmental impacts and improve fish
passage.
Capital and maintenance works undertaken by Council in and adjacent to waterways have the potential to impact
on waterway health. In partnership with Council's Infrastructure Service Department, consideration should be
given to the design, delivery and maintenance of these works, including the development or adoption of guidelines
to support staff and reduce waterway health impacts. Guidelines should consider issues relating to erosion and
sediment control, rural road runoff, riparian rehabilitation, fish friendly Council infrastructure and the removal of
redundant weirs and road crossings.
NW 15 Undertake targeted monitoring, data collection and storage, modelling, research and trial new and
emerging tools to inform natural waterways management.
An understanding of a catchment’s environmental, social/recreational and economic issues can inform waterway
management initiatives. Such activities may include:
targeted water quality (biological/microbiological) monitoring and research, e.g. physical and chemical water quality
monitoring, event monitoring, shore bird monitoring, fish and macroinvertebrate sampling , mangrove and sea grass
surveys and wetland condition assessments
ongoing management of Council’s comprehensive waterway health database including data input, validation and
reporting to ensure the integrity of waterway health data is maintained
a Geographical Information System spatial desktop analysis to determine baseline information for waterway health
research and data collection to improve our understanding of the recreation and leisure demands, impacts and
carrying capacity of natural waterways
investigations into carbon sequestration and vegetation offset plantings for improvements to riparian ecosystems
constant refinement of existing modelling tools and application of new products (e.g. Healthy Waterways
Management Strategy Evaluation system).
NW 16 Promote and inform the community about natural waterway values and management initiatives.
The environmental, social/recreational and economic values of natural waterways and associated management
initiatives need to be communicated to the Sunshine Coast community to increase understanding and ownership
of these natural assets. Communication tools may include fact sheets, newsletters, promotional material and
interpretative signage and waterway management forums.
42 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Constructed waterways
Principles1 New constructed water bodies are to be avoided.
For new constructed water bodies to be considered
as an appropriate design solution, an overriding
need in the public interest must be demonstrated
which identifies the integrity of the claimed functions,
the risks and net benefit attributable to the Sunshine
Coast Region, the general public and other parties.
2 Constructed water bodies are designed and
managed to maximise resource use efficiency and
minimise life cycle costs and risks.
3 Lifecycle costs incorporate decommissioning
requirements or be calculated in perpetuity.
4 Constructed water body management is regionally
consistent and considers the integrity of functions
and the integrated/competing nature of social,
economic and environmental values.
5 Constructed water bodies are recognised as assets
that are subject to principles of asset management
planning.
6 Constructed lakes and ponds are not considered
part of the urban water treatment train.
7 Climate change considerations are incorporated into
constructed water body design and management.
projects.
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 43
Constructed water bodies objectiveTo provide a strategic and coordinated approach to developing and managing constructed water bodies on the Sunshine Coast, which maximises resource use effi ciency and minimises risks and life cycle costs.
Strategic outcomes
CWB 1 Develop integrated legislative and planning instruments to manage CWBs.
The development and application of specific provisions for inclusion in the new planning scheme will assist to
ensure relevant development occurs in line with Council’s corporate CWB policy. Tools may include the review and
development of policies, codes and engineering standards.
CWB 2 Develop a CWB management framework.
Historically, CWB management has not used a coordinated and strategic approach. The proposed framework
provides CWB management on the Sunshine Coast with a definite structure. Development of the framework may
involve documentation of the roles played by particular legislation, plans, guidelines, systems and other tools and
outline the adaptive management process.
CWB 3 Develop a CWB strategic asset management plan.
CWBs have not traditionally been managed as infrastructure-like assets in line with an asset management business
model. Development of the CWB strategic asset management plan may involve the identification of asset classes,
condition assessment, maintenance and capital requirements, levels of service, risk and financial planning. The
planning process will consider the integrity of functions, or values, normally attributed to CWBs.
CWB 4 Implement CWB maintenance and capital investment program.
The implementation of the CWB maintenance and capital investment program may be undertaken in accordance
with the management framework and strategic asset management plan. Management may address priority
constructed water bodies and deliver agreed standards of service. It also involves supporting community
information programs and engagement.
CWB 5 Develop a community communication and engagement strategy and interpretive materials.
Increased CWB awareness and local ownership, and improvements to Council’s level of service associated with
CWBs are critical to the effective management of such systems. Communication and engagement materials
developed may include fact sheets, flyers, and interpretive signage.
CWB 6 Contribute to total water cycle management initiatives.
Contributions may be made to total water cycle management planning, Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD),
Stormwater Quality improvement Devices (SQID) retrofit and stormwater harvesting sub-programs.
CWB 7 Contribute to strategic investigations regarding the suitability of specific CWBs for recreational and revenue
generating opportunities.
Competing uses and increasing pressures on natural waterways have resulted in the displacement of specific
recreational uses and other interests. Appropriate uses of CWBs include those that demonstrate sufficient need and
are compatible with the area and the capability of specific CWBs to accommodate such uses.
44 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Coastal foreshores
Principles1 The management and development of the coastal
zone occurs in an ecologically sustainable manner
for the good of the entire Sunshine Coast community
wherever possible.
2 The coast is managed to allow for natural
fluctuations to occur, as well as systematic changes
as a result of climate change and sea level rise, and
provide protection for life and property wherever
possible.
3 Coastal management is best conducted in
partnership with government, industry, non
government organisations and the community.
4 Coastal management is strategically planned and
implemented through a coastal land management
plan and the planning scheme.
5 Best practice coastal management relies on a
thorough understanding of integrated coastal zone
management and projected climate change impacts.
6 Shoreline erosion management plans inform the
response to shoreline erosion threats.
7 Coastal social and recreational land uses are
maintained and enhanced, consistent with the
conservation of coastal resources and provision of
public safety.
8 Water quality in the coastal zone is maintained at
a standard that protects and maintains coastal
ecosystems and their ability to support human use.
9 The connections of Aboriginal Traditional Owners to
the landscape and their ecological knowledge are
recognised and respected.
10 Cultural heritage and social history associated with
coastal foreshores are protected, promoted and well
managed.
11 The Sunshine Coast community is well informed of
the long term impacts of climate change on coastal
foreshores.
12 Decisions regarding defend/adapt/retreat climate
change management approaches are informed
by community participation and a detailed
understanding of associated costs and benefits.
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 45
Coastal foreshores objectiveTo provide a strategic and coordinated approach to the protection, sustainable use and enjoyment of coastal foreshores.
Strategic outcomes
CF 1 Develop integrated legislative and planning instruments to manage the coastal zone, including projected
climate change impacts.
The development and application of specific provisions for inclusion in the new planning scheme may assist in the
protection of our coastline including the coastal zone. Tools may include the development of internal policies, codes
and mapping. Formal submissions and advice may be provided to inform the development of state planning policies
as they relate to coastal management.
CF 2 Develop a coastal management framework.
The proposed framework provides coastal management on the Sunshine Coast with a definite structure.
Development of the framework may involve documentation of relevant legislation, the identification of internal and
external structures and responsibilities, jurisdictions as well as tools used and/or developed for management.
CF 3 Develop a coastal land management plan.
The coastline is a dynamic system even before consideration is given to projected impacts of climate change and
sea level rise. A holistic coastal management plan is a strategic and coordinated tool that supports the management
of major challenges associated with long term impacts of natural events and human activities on our coastal
environment. The plan will apply the principles of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and strive to achieve
a balance between, social/recreational, environmental, economic and cultural values for the entire Sunshine Coast.
Investigations will be undertaken to better understand coastal processes, shoreline erosion and impacts on land use
planning, as well as social and economic aspects of the coastal zone. Initiatives to manage the entrances of coastal
lagoons will be considered in partnership with the State.
CF 4 Develop shoreline erosion management plans.
Many coastal areas may experience recurring shoreline erosion problems due to natural coastal processes including
longshore sand transport and channel migration. Shoreline Erosion Management Plans (SEMPs) for Sunshine Coast
hotspots will provide a tool for SCC, the community, and the State government to develop effective and sustainable
erosion management strategies that incorporate the defend/adapt/retreat management approaches where they
apply. Investigations to determine whole of life cycle costs for erosion management options will be undertaken.
CF 5 Develop a strategic coastal asset management plan.
Development of a strategic coastal asset management plan may involve the identification of all coastal assets,
condition assessment, maintenance and capital requirements and risk and financial planning. The planning process
will consider coastal foreshore assets in association with projected climate change impacts. The plan will be
informed by the Coastal Land Management Plan and Shoreline Erosion Management Plans.
CF 6 Implement a coastal foreshores capital investment and maintenance program.
Existing and future coastal protection and maintenance activities are important. As guided by the strategic coastal
asset management plan, beach protection works and maintenance activities including beach renourishment (i.e.
sand scraping and/or dredging), and a continuation of mechanical beach cleaning will be considered.
46 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
CF 7 Identify coastal vulnerabilities and risks from climate change.
By evaluating the implications of projected climate change, the vulnerability of the coast’s environmental, social/
recreational and economic values can be determined and utilised to inform planning, policy and decision making.
Tools may include the development of vulnerability and hazard mapping to identify major risk areas and a risk
assessment process to determine potential impacts of climate change on waterway and coastal management,
including development (new and existing), economic development, operational health and safety, public and private
infrastructure including open space.
CF 8 Engage and inform the community on coastal management, climate change and sea level rise issues.
The Sunshine Coast community needs to be informed of coastal management, climate change and sea level
rise implications to facilitate an effective community response to these issues. Consideration will be given to the
development of a Coastal Risk Community Awareness Strategy to prepare the community for increased storm
intensity and flooding, increased storm surge and rising sea level.
CF 9 Undertake and support coastal rehabilitation activities.
Native coastal rehabilitation activities can provide both social and biodiversity outcomes. These outcomes may be
achieved through the continued management and maintenance (including, revegetation, fencing, the control of pest
plant/animal species) of Council managed foreshore reserves and establishing formal access points in partnership
with local catchment/community groups.
CF 10 Provide support to coastal algal bloom management.
Algal blooms have the potential to impact on the environmental, social/recreational and economic values of
our coastal waterways through unsightly scums and an accumulation of degrading material on our beaches. In
cooperation with state government this action will support operational monitoring and management of coastal algal
blooms according to defined protocols. The development of local contingency response plans as required will be
considered.
CF 11 Undertake targeted monitoring and research to inform coastal management initiatives.
A thorough understanding of coastal processes, including sand movement, currents, shoreline erosion rates and
historical alignments and erosion hot spots is required to inform coastal management. Investigations will also
consider social aspects (e.g. use) and economic elements (e.g. economic values, willingness to pay). Learnings
from other coastal communities and their approach to coastal management and climate change adaptation will be
reviewed and incorporated into coastal management decision making where applicable. Data may be collected
through targeted consultancies with industry or universities.
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 47
The Sunshine Coast's waterways and coastal foreshores are ecologically healthy, well-managed assets that underpin our livelihoods and lifestyles.
Mudjimba Beach
48 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 49
Implementation
Section 6
50 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021
Mary Cairncross Reserve, Mary River catchment
Implementation of the Strategy intends to complement Council’s other environmental, social and economic strategies to provide an integrated and strategic approach to waterway and coastal management on the Sunshine Coast. The successful implementation of the Strategy is dependent on strong and effective partnerships, funding and a cycle of monitoring, evaluation and reporting.
6.1 PartnershipsImplementation of the Strategy will draw from the
combined resources of a range of Council departments,
state government agencies, industries, regional natural
resource management groups and the Sunshine
Coast community. As a priority, Council will establish
management mechanisms to enhance synergies,
information sharing and collective decision making. This
will ensure that key strategic initiatives are implemented
and that the goals and vision for the region’s waterways
and coastal foreshores are achieved. Innovative and
engaging approaches need to be adopted to achieve the
necessary community empowerment, participation and
trust — all being key elements of effective community
partnerships.
6.2 FundingA ten-year implementation plan will be developed for
the Strategy to inform Council’s business planning and
budget cycle. It is anticipated that Council’s operational
funding and Environment Levy will continue to play
a significant role in funding annual programs. Other
external funding sources may include commonwealth
and state government funding programs. The
implementation plan will be reviewed on an annual
basis to ensure priority issues associated with strategic
outcomes are addressed.
6 Strategy Implementation and Review
Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021 51
6.3 Knowledge managementThe implementation of the Strategy will be underpinned
by monitoring and research, and a sound understanding
of how waterways and the coast respond to
environmental changes and management intervention.
Waterways and coastal information will be consolidated,
stored and distributed through a robust knowledge
management system, to ensure that the best available
information is used by Council and its partners in
waterway management decisions.
6.4 ReportingImproved waterway health outcomes are usually decades
in the making. Nevertheless, Council and the broader
community require timely information on the efficiency
and effectiveness of investments. To address this need
and to maintain community confidence, monitoring,
evaluation and reporting on the implementation of
the Strategy and individual catchment and estuary
management plans will be undertaken. Within its 10-year
timeframe, the Strategy’s actions and achievements will
be reviewed annually.
Rehabilitation
Monitoring
Training
Education
52 Sunshine Coast Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy 2011-2021