4000-3000 BC : Primitive Times

• Believed illness & disease caused by evil spirits, demons, & gods

• Trepanning used to treat insanity, epilepsy & H/A

• Life span 20 years

Evidence of Trepanning note the bone is healed the client survived

3000 BC-300 BC: Ancient Egyptians

• Keep health records• Physicians were priest • Treated with blood letting and leeches• Believed clogged body channels caused

illness– Air– Ears– Blood– Urine

Relate those systems to 20th Century

Air:•RespiratoryEars•Central Nervous SystemBlood•Cardiovascular : Circulatory SystemUrine•Urinary System

1700 BC- 220 AD: Ancient Chinese

• Dissections prohibited by religion• Believed in treating the whole person• Recorded medicines (herbs & teas)• Acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion• Began to search for the cause of disease

Acupuncture

1200 BC – 200 AD: Ancient Greeks

• Started to observe the human body and effects of disease

• Hippocrates: FATHER OF MEDICINE• Hippocratic Oath• Believed illness is a result of natural causes• Stressed diet & cleanliness as ways to prevent

disease• Life span 25-35 years

410 AD- 753 AD: Ancient Romans

• Organized Medical care• Early hospitals for soldiers• Began public health & sanitation systems• Built sewers, filtering systems for public baths

to prevent disease• Used the scientific method to prevent Malaria

400 AD-800 AD: Dark Ages

• Study of medicine prohibited• Prayers and divine intervention used as

treatment• Monks and priests provided care• No one was to practice medicine including

wise woman• Life span 20-30 years

The Middle Ages: A time of travel, discovering new

lands, new cultures and sharing of DISEASES

800 AD-1400 AD: Middle Ages

• Renewed interest in medical practices of the Greeks and Romans

• Bubonic Plague (black death) killed ¾ of the population of Europe and Asia

• 47 million people in 10 years• transmitted by the fleas on rats through land

and sea travel

Middle Ages

• Major disease smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria

• Life span 20-35 years

Arab world• Physicians practicing medicine– Diagnosis on S &S– Suggested blood carried infection– Cat gut for suture materials

1350 Ad-1650 AD: Renaissance

• Rebirth of science of medicine• Dissection of body started to be allowed to

understand anatomy and physiology• Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci used

dissection to draw human body more realistically

• Medical books on circulation, respiratory, digestion system

• Life span 30-40

16th-17th Centuries

• William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart

• Microscope invented in 1666• Scientific societies were established• Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made,

prescribed and sold medicines• Life span 35-45

18th Century• Gabriel Fahrenheit developed the first

mercury thermometer• Surgical procedure standardized• Lime juice used to prevent scurvy• Edward Jenner (1796) developed a

vaccination for smallpox

19th Century

• First successful blood transfusion• Ether used as an anesthetic• Louis Pasteur proved microorganisms caused

disease• Vaccine for rabies

19th Century continued

• Florence Nightingale: founder of modern nursing, professional education for nurses

• Tuberculosis bacteria identified• Public nursing started • X-rays developed in 1895• Life span 40-50

When Nightingale arrived in Crimean War 1854-56

The Hospitals she created

20th Century• Carl Landsteiner classified blood groups• Sigmund Freud psychotherapy• 1923 Banting & Best develop insulin at

University of Toronto• 1932 Penicillin discovered• 1944 Kidney dialysis• 1952 Polio Vaccine• 1953 First Heart & Lung machine for open heart

surgery

20th Century continued• 1968 First Heart Transplant• 1981 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

(AIDS) identified first called GAIDS• 1984 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

identified as causing AIDS• 1990 First gene therapy to treat disease• 1997 Dolly the sheep an exact replica of her

mother • Life Span 60-70 years

21st Century

Your challenge find three things that have impacted Health Care in the 21st century