15-Oct-09

1

IABSE Conference – Shanghai 2009

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Hyun-Moo KOHSeoul National University

Recent Major Bridges in Korea

Evolution of Major Bridges in Korea

Outstanding development in bridge engineering within a very short period of 40 years

Introduction

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China2

Geographical Conditions

Korean Peninsula 70% of mountainous area

Introduction

70% of mountainous areaPeninsula surrounded by sea on 3 sides

3174 islands (3.80% of the territory, population: 0.65%)

Imperative need for bridges to strengthen transportation

k d

374km

73km

230km209km

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

network and promote balanced-regional development

73km

3

Economic Driver

Series of five-year economic development plans since 1962 to foster Korean economy to world leading group (1962~1996)Continuous & systematic construction of SOC infrastructure to support economic plans

Introduction

pMiracle on the Han River (1961~1997): Economic development of Korea that started from Han River in Seoul

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Seoul in 1960 Seoul today

4

15-Oct-09

2

Bridge Stock in Korea

Bridge stock: 22,937 bridges (1,987km)Expressway: 5 923 bridges (697km)

Introduction

Expressway: 5,923 bridges (697km)Highway: 5,302 bridges (490km) Other: 11,712 bridges (800km)

Comparison with bridge stock in 19701970: 9,322 bridges (268km)2006: 22,937 bridges (1,987km)

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Extension of road network: 102,061km

December 2006, Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs

5

Chronology of Modern Bridges in Korea

4 periods of cable-supported bridge technology in Korea

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

11stst PeriodPeriod19621962~~19901990 - Technology Introduction Period

22ndnd PeriodPeriod19901990ss

33rdrd PeriodPeriodEarly Early 20002000ss

- Technology Imitation Period

-Technology Independence Period

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

44thth PeriodPeriodCurrent constructionCurrent construction -Technology Leading Period ?

6

Technology Introduction Period (1962~1990)

Rapid construction focusing on economic efficiency Lack of skill and often poor qualityLarge variety of bridge types and first cable-supported bridge in 1973

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

Namhae Br. (1973) Busan Br. (1981)

Wando 2 Br. (1985)

Jindo 1 Br. (1984)

Jeodo Br. (1987) Dolsan Br. (1984)

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China7

Bridges of the First Period

Construction of bridges for urban development

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Early Bridges of Han River in Seoul

8

15-Oct-09

3

Namhae Bridge (1973)

The first cable-supported bridge in KoreaThe largest suspension bridge in Asia at the timeDesign: Nippon Steel, IHI (Japan)Contractor: Hyundai E&C

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

Contractor: Hyundai E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China9

First Jindo Bridge (1984)

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

• First cable-stayed bridge in Korea• 70+344+70m• Longest cable-stayed span outside

Europe in 1984• Design: R.P.T (UK)• Contractor: Hyundai E&C

10

Dolsan Bridge (1984)

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

• Second cable-stayed bridge in Korea• 85+280+85m• Design: R.P.T (UK)g• Contractor: Daelim E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China11

Technology Imitation Period (1990s)

Large number of sea-crossing bridges for the development of islandsSecuring of self-reliant technology for FCM (Free Cantilevering Method) and steel box bridgesDesign focused essentially on functionality and economy

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

Design focused essentially on functionality and economy

Narodo Br. (1994) Onnam Br. (1996)Changseon Br. (1995)

Yaksan Br (1999)Jodo Br (1997) Tongyoung Br (1998)

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Yaksan Br. (1999)Jodo Br. (1997) Tongyoung Br. (1998)

12

15-Oct-09

4

Features of the Second Period

Collapse of Sungsu BridgeStart of introduction of monitoring (Issuing of Special Law, 1995)

Stand-alone field systems: sensors, field hardware, online transmission system

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

transmission systemCollection of field data by full scale load capacity test for evaluation of structural health

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China13

Instrumented Bridges in Korea

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

• Sensor-DAQ System (since 1992)First generation of SHM systems installed in g yFCM, ILM and MSS bridges and in existing cable-supported bridgesConventional sensors, loggers and transmission methods used individually for each bridge

• Complete/Integrated System(since 2000)

Systems installed in recent long-span bridges since the design stage

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

since the design stageModern technologies form sensing to processingReal-time monitoring and alarmLong-term monitoring at central management center : Sensor-DAQ System

: Complete/Integrated System

14

Technology Independency Period (Early 2000s)

Post-crisis period: Focus on

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

improvement of quality of lifeShift from economy and functionality onto aestheticsConstruction of numerous cable-supported bridgesSelf-reliant technology for

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

gyspecial bridges like cable-stayed and trussed arch bridges

15

Seohae Bridge (2000)

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

•The first composite cable-stayed bridge in Korea•Span length: 990 m (60+200+470+200+60)•Girder type: Stiffened steel girder with precast slab•Design: Samwoo •Contractor: Daelim E&C

16

15-Oct-09

5

Banghwa Bridge (2000)

Balanced arch truss (main span: 180m)The 27th bridge crossing Han River in Seoul

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

Han River in SeoulDesign: SamanContractor: Keukdong, Poongrim

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China17

Youngjong Bridge (2000)

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

The first bridge with three-dimensionally profiled suspension cables and self-anchoringMain span: 300mDesign: Yooshin + ChodaiContractor: Samsung E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China18

Youngheung Bridge (2001)

Steel cable-stayed bridgeTotal length: 1250m Main span: 240mDesign: Yooshin

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

Design: YooshinContractor: Hyundai E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China19

Gwangan Bridge (2002)

Earth-anchored suspension bridge (main span: 500m)Design: SamwooContractor: Samhwan

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China20

15-Oct-09

6

Samcheonpo Bridge (2003)

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

•Cable-stayed bridge: 436m (103+230+103)•Composite girder•Design: Yooshin•Contractor: Daelim E&C

21

Chronology of Bridge Technology in Korea

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

1990919293

1st wind tunnel test

l S f bl d b d

Cable-stayed bridge SW (ASECAS)

Suspension bridge SW (SNUSUS)

Development of elastic cable element

9495

01

96979899

2000

Configuration control and initial shape control SW for suspension bridge (Youngjong Br.)

Erection stage analysis SW for cable-supported bridge(HyunSTAY,HyunSUS)

Configuration control during erection of Gwangyang Br.

1st independent design of suspension bridge (Sorok Br.)

1st arch cable-stayed bridge (Cheongju-Sangju Br.)

Configuration control SW for suspension cable

1 b dl bl d b d (G )

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

02030405060708

1st suspension bridge > 1000m (Ulsan Br.)

1st design of edge-box type cable-stayed bridge (Dolsan-Hwatae Br.); 1st single span suspension bridge (Jeokgeum-Youngnam Br.); 1st complex cable-stayed bridge (Cheongpung Br.)1st design of sea-crossing concrete cable-stayed bridge (2nd Dolsan)

Independent design of suspension bridge (1545m)Closure design of cable-stayed bridge (2nd Jindo Bridge)

1st bundle type cable-stayed bridge (Geogeum Br.)

22

Ongoing Sea-Crossing Bridge Projects

Unprecedented bridge construction activities in the southwestern coast

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China23

Bridges Projects in Jeonnam (1996~2020)

Chronology of Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China24

15-Oct-09

7

Sorok Bridge (2009)

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

• One-plane monocable self-anchored suspension bridge

• Total length: 470m of 1,160m • Span length: 110+250+110m• Design: Yooshin• Contractor: Daelim E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China25

Incheon Bridge (2009.09)

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

Length 80+260+800+260+80 m

Girder Streamlined steel box girder

Towers Reversed Y-shape RC

Foundations Cast-in-place piles φ3.0m

Width 33.4m (2×3 lanes)

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

•The longest cable-stayed bridge in Korea•Fast-track method•Design: Seoyeong + Chodai •Contractor: Samsung E&C

26

Incheon Bridge

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China27

Busan-Geoje Fixed Link

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

• 2 cable-stayed bridges, 1 immersed tunnel• Construction period: 2004~2009• Total length: 8.2km• Design: COWI + Daewoo Engineering + DM• Contractor: Daewoo E&C

28

15-Oct-09

8

Busan-Geoje Fixed Link

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

2-tower cable-stayed

G 2 d

Immersed tunnel

Depth: ±50mLength: 3 348m

3-tower cable-stayed

Geoga 1 Bridge

Main span: 230+230m

Geoga 2 Bridge

Main span: 475m

Length: 3,348m

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China29

Busan-Geoje Fixed Link

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

2-tower cable-stayed

G 2 d

Immersed tunnel

Depth: ±50mLength: 3 348m

3-tower cable-stayed

Geoga 1 Bridge

Main span: 230+230m

Geoga 2 Bridge

Main span: 475m

Length: 3,348m

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China30

Busan-Geoje Fixed Link

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China31

Gwangyang Bridge

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

• Three-span suspension bridge (357.5+1545+357.5m)

• The 3rd longest bridge in the world• Twin box girder, Floating girder system• H shaped concrete towers (270m)• H-shaped concrete towers (270m)• Clearance: 85m• High-strength steel cable: 1,860MPa

(Kiswire)• Completion: 2012• Design: Yooshin• Contractor: Daelim E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China32

15-Oct-09

9

Gwangyang Bridge

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

R d d i ht 10 6t f/

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Reduced weight: 10.6tonf/m

Wind stability: 120m/s

33

Ulsan Bridge

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

• The longest single-span suspension bridge in Korea (303+1150+303m)

• Streamlined steel box girder (25.6m wide)H h d (203 )• H-shaped concrete towers (203m)

• Sag ratio: 1/9• High-strength steel wires: 1,960MPa

(Kiswire)• Design: Yooshin• Contractor: Hyundai E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China34

Yeosu-Goheung Sea-Belt

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

19

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China35

Jeokgeum-Youngnam Bridge (2012)

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

• The first single span suspension bridge in Korea (310+850+180m)

• Streamlined steel box girder• H-shaped concrete towers (137.8m)• Length to width ratio: 43.15• Design: Yooshin

C D li E&C

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

• Contractor: Daelim E&C

36

15-Oct-09

10

Other Projects under Design/Construction

Major Recent Bridges in Korea

2nd Dolsan Br. (2012)Geumbit Br. (2012) Dolsan-Hwatae Br. (2012)

Truss- girder cable-stayed Total length: 2,028mMain span: 480m

Composite cable-stayed Total length: 1,435mMain span: 500m

Concrete cable-stayedTotal length: 464mMain span: 230m

Goha-Jookgyo Br. (2012)2nd Seongsan Br. (2014) Mooyoung Br. (2011)

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Complex cable-stayedTotal length: 855mMain span: 225m

Multi-span extradosedTotal length: 860mMain span: 160m

Steel box girder cable-stayedTotal length: 3,060mMain span: 500m

37

Preparing for the FutureBridge Technology

– R&D Programs –

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China38

Future Features of Bridge Construction

Longer Span

Diversified Structural Type

Preparing for the Future

Diversified Structural Type

Aesthetics and Nature

Extreme Environmental Conditions

Maintenance Concern

High Performance Materials

Functional Adaptability

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Functional Adaptability

Response Control & Serviceability

New Design Specs & Guidelines

39

Super Bridge 200

Launched in 2007 at Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT)by Ministry of Sciences and TechnologyObjective:

Development of sustainable bridge with extended lifetime of 200

Preparing for the Future

Development of sustainable bridge with extended lifetime of 200 yearsExploitation of ultra-high strength concrete (developed by Bridge 200) to cable-stayed bridge structures

Outcomes:Reduction of maintenance costs by 20%Extension of bridge lifespan by 200%

Topics:

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Innovative deck systemsInnovative strengthening/reinforcement systems (GFRP)Innovative materials (durable concrete)Durable pavement technologyDurable bridge foundations

40

15-Oct-09

11

HIPER-CONMAT

Established in 2004 at Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST) by Ministry of Land, Transport & Maritime AffairsObjective:

BEST (Beautiful Economical Sustainable Totalized infrastructure)

Preparing for the Future

BEST (Beautiful, Economical, Sustainable, Totalized infrastructure)Topics:

Development of high performance materials (steel, FRP/FRC, innovative materials) to create new spaces

Outcomes:High performance steel of 500, 600 and 800MPaHybrid bridge system with high performance, accelerated construction and reduced LCC using FRP/FRC

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Recyclable, nature-friendly and high performance construction materials

41

KWERC

Korea Wind Engineering Research CenterEstablished in 2005 at Mokpo National University by Ministry of Land, Transport & Maritime Affairs Objective:

Preparing for the Future

Objective:Development of wind-related technology for sea-crossing bridges and regional disaster-prevention technology

Topics:Advancement of wind analysis of long-span sea-crossing bridgesDevelopment of wind resistance technologyRationalization of design, construction and maintenance of sea-crossing bridges

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Outcomes:Technical support of sea-crossing bridgesCluster and knowledge warehouse in Province of Jeollanamdo

42

KBRC

Korea Bridge Design & Engineering Research CenterEstablished in 2004 at Seoul National University by Ministry of Land, Transport & Maritime AffairsObjective:

Preparing for the Future

Objective:Advanced analysis and design technologies for bridgesReliability-based design code and specificationsSustainable bridge design with lifetime perspective

Outcomes:Reliability-based code and standards in agreement with global standardIntelligent bridges of the next generation with longer lifetime, lower

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Intelligent bridges of the next generation with longer lifetime, lower maintenance demands or maintenance free bridges in harmony with innovative and advanced technologies, and ecological requirements

43

Super-Long-Span Bridge R&BD Project

R&BD project launched in 2009 at Korea Expressway Corporation (2009~2015)Objective:

Sustainable technologies for cable-

Preparing for the Future

Sustainable technologies for cablesupported bridges of the next generation

R&D Programs: Key Engineering Technology

Launched on May 8, 2009

High-performance Materials

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Innovative erection equipments and methodsIT-based disaster mitigation and maintenance technologies

44

15-Oct-09

12

Concluding Remarks

Ongoing construction of sea-crossing long-span bridges along the southwestern coastal area

Despite of short history, Korea has entered into the world leading group in bridge engineering and is continuously implementing new constructions

Large scale R&D and R&BD to prepare

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Large scale R&D and R&BD to prepare for the next generation of long-span bridges

IABSE 2012 Congress in Korea

45

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China

Thank you“Recent Major Bridges in Korea”, H.M. Koh

IABSE Workshop 2009 – Recent Major BridgesMay 10-12, 2009, Shanghai, China4 6