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7/29/2019 4 Week 5 - Referencingbacm
1/13
22/9/20
Referencing and CitationsBMC2912 | Research Methodology
Prepared by Noranis Ismail
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Introduction
Why do I need to reference?
quote another person word for word (direct quotation)
paraphrase or summarize
use statistics (eg. Population)
use tables, figures, diagrams and appendices.
use controversial facts, opinions, or a date which might be challenged
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Three main reasons for citing accurate references:
To give credit to other authors concepts and ideas
To provide the reader (often the marker / examiner of the assignment) with
evidence of the breadth and depth of your reading
To enable the readers of your work to locate the cited references easily
Introduction
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
When to Reference?
Whenever you use any source of information for:
Your inspiration
Particular facts, theories, findings or ideas in an authors work
Specific data or statistics
A direct quotation
Paraphrasing an authors words
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of using or copying someone elses idea or work and
trying to present it as your own.
It is a serious misconduct at University and should be avoided at all times.
The best way to avoid being accused of plagiarism is to acknowledge the
resources upon which you have based your ideas
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Styles of Referencing
There are different styles of referencing, such as:
Harvard
Oxford
APA ( American Psychological Association)
MLA ( Modern Language Association)
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Styles of Referencing
HARVARD
A standard system of citing and listing references makes it easier to trace
academic and other knowledge efficiently.
Was developed in USA, grew popularity in 1950s and 1960s and become the
most common system in use internationally.
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Citing, Reference and Bibliography
Citing
When you use another persons work in your own work, either by referring to their
ideas, or by including a direct quotation, you must acknowledge this in the text
of your work. This acknowledgement is called a citation.
When you are using the Harvard style, your citation should include:
1. The author or editor of the cited work
2. The year of publication of the cited work
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Citing, Reference and Bibliography
Reference
A reference list only includes books, articles etc that are cited in the text.
Bibliography
A list containing the sources used in developing a publication and other sources
the author considers might be of use or interest to the reader. The format used
for Bibliography is the same as reference list.
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Citations: In Text Referencing
You may acknowledge the source of your information or ideas within the text of your
work in various ways.
Quotation
You may quote the author's exact words to support your argument
When quoting directly in the text use quotation marks as well as acknowledging the
author's name, year of publication and page number of the quote in brackets.
Short quotations e.g. up to 2 lines can be included in the body of the text:-
Example:
Weir (1995) states that defining roles and their remits is not simple (p.10).
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Longer quotations should be indented in a separate paragraph:-
Example:
Thomas and Ingham (1995) in discussing staff development state that Development is infectious,
and staff who previously have recoiled from undertaking a degree or conversion course have
been encouraged by the success of others (p.33)
OR
In a discussion about the staff development state that: Development is infectious, and staff who
previously have recoiled from undertaking a degree or conversion course have been encouraged
by the success of others
(Thomas and Ingham 1995 : p.33)
Quotation
In Text Referencing
Citations: In Text Referencing
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Author's original text ( DO NOT REFER TO THIS FORMAT)
One of the most commonly used phrases in the design world: "the client didn't get
it." And yes, of course, some clients genuinely don't and never will. But think long
and hard before laying the blame for a poorly executed project at the feet of the
non-designer. A critical part of the designer's job is to explain whysomething has
to be done a certain way. If you can't convince the client, who chooses to go
another, disastrous route, that's not actually his or her fault. It's yours.
Helen Walters, 2009, Dos and Dont for Designers Dealing with Business
.
Citations: In Text Referencing
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
.
Walters (2009) concludes that, A critical part of the designers job is to explain whysomething has to be done a certain way. (p.54)
(Starts with Authors surname with year followed by a verb , the quote and page number in bracket)
Quotation Example:
A critical part of the designers job is to explain why something has to be done a
certain way. (Walters 2009: p.54).
(Starts with the quote and ends with Authors Surname year and page number in a bracket)
AuthorsSURNAME ONLY
Year Published
Page Number
Quote from Article
Quote from Article
Page Number
Year Published
Authors
SURNAME ONLY
In Text Referencing
Verb
Single Inverted
Commas
Single Inverted
Commas
Citations: In Text Referencing
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Citations: Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing means to restate accurately and succinctly in your own words something you
have read.
If your work does not refer to specific ideas on particular pages of a resource but to general
themes mentioned throughout the resource, page numbers need not be shown.
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Sure, the core activity is just talking to people. But writing is more than just typing, and
design is more than knowing how to use a pencil. Design research is about much
more than holding a video camera and watching what people do. Hold your design
research to the same standard of excellence as the rest of your work. You'll know
you've succeeded when you can represent your customer's perspective on current
and future products; when you've found something surprising out of the fieldwork,
and when you've distilled those surprises into implications like new products ideas,
new features, a design brief. Sure, you could have come up with those ideas without
doing research, but now you can make a complete case from uncovered need to
relevant solution. If you can't pull this off, get some help from someone who can.
taken from an article by Steve Portigal, 2009, 5 Keys to Successful Design
Author's original text ( DO NOT REFER TO THIS FORMAT)
Citations: Paraphrasing
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
A lot of techniques (Portigal 2009) of research in design perspectives is so much morethan observing and getting the results, its more into getting new knowledge and solutions
Portigal (2009) claims that activities in design research are more than handling interviews,writing facts or holding a video camera observing on peoples reactions.
General Theme
Specific Idea
First few words
of your sentence
Authors
SURNAME ONLY
Year Published
Simplify the paragraph in your
own words but the facts are taken
from the article
AuthorsSURNAME ONLY
Year Published
Select some sentences
from the paragraph andrewrite the facts by using
your own words based onyour understanding
Citations: Paraphrasing
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Citations: Images or Print Screens
Example
Figure 1: Attack of the Killer Website
Source: (creativebehavior.com 2007)
Image TitleItem Number
Use only MAIN
LINK not thewhole url!
Year of the image
published
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
The Quick Guide to Referencing
Source: Harris, R 2001, The plagiarism handbook: strategies forpreventing, detecting and dealing with plagiarism, Pyrczak, Los Angeles
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Source: Harris, R 2001, The plagiarism handbook: strategies forpreventing, detecting and dealing with plagiarism, Pyrczak, Los Angeles
The Quick Guide to Referencing
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Verbs that helps with author- prominent referencing
Source: Academic Learning Support, January, 2007, Harvard (Author-Date) Referencing Guide, Central Queensland University,
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Tips on Getting Started
Remember to record all the documents you read
Note down:
Who is responsiblefor the document, is it a personal author or organization
When was the document publishedor for electronic documents, made available
Title What is the title of the book
If it is an article, note the article title and journal title
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Note down (cont..)
If it is a website, identify what part of the site you are looking at.
Locationinformation, publishers details for books, volume and pages for
journals
Website addresses, if in doubt, use the home page address which is more
stable, and give routing to the page you are viewing
Electronic sources, note the date accessed and take a printed copy of the front
page
Tips on Getting Started
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
References List: Guide
Please refer to your Harvard Referencing Guide for detailed referencing format
Books
1) Utterback, J. (2006) Design-Inspired Innovation, World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd
Internet
1) Portigal, S. (2009) 5 Keys to Successful Design Research[Online] Available from:http://www.core77.com/hack2work/2009/09/five_keys_to_successful_design.asp
[Accessed 11th September 2009]
Authors
SURNAME
Initial First Name Year Published
Book Title Publisher
Authors
SURNAME
Initial First Name
Year PublishedOnline Article Title
The date that you
browsed the
webpage
Full Website Link
Term: Online
FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Please refer to your Harvard Referencing Guide for detailed referencing format
Image
1) Figure 1: Attack of the Killer Website[Image] (2007) Available from:http://www.creativebehavior.com/image/wallpaper7 [ Accessed 5th April 2009]
Image Title
Complete link
The date that you
browsed thewebpage
Term : Image
Year
References List: Guide
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FACULTY OF MULTIMEDIA CREATIVITY
BMC2912| Research Methodology
Reference List
o Need to list it out according to type of source and in alphabetical order
o Only use surname and Initial of the main name for reference list
o Please include page number if you have any in your sources.
o If there is no year published in the article, please use n.d. (no date) instead.
References List: Notes