4 The CBI · eight-member Committee, headed by a veteran Gandhian, K. Santhanam, MP, in June 1962, 'to consider special measures' to root out the menace of corruption from our public

63 ....In Service of the Nation....

Though the DSPE had achieved considerable success, especially

during the 1950s, in putting anti-corruption measures on a firm

footing, yet the “devil's curse” did not seem to get extenuated to

any appreciable extent.

Surprisingly, even the winds of development that blew extensively

across the country, then, and which raised expectations in many

minds that these would greatly diminish if not completely destroy

corruption, deteriorated the situation still further. The unscrupulous

people seized new opportunities and conditions for their personal

gains.

The CBI Headquarters at R.K. Puram, New Delhi.

4 The CBIStructure & Functioning




Though the DSPE had achieved considerable success, especially

during the 1950s, in putting anti-corruption measures on a firm

footing, yet the “devil's curse” did not seem to get extenuated to

any appreciable extent.

Surprisingly, even the winds of development that blew extensively

across the country, then, and which raised expectations in many

minds that these would greatly diminish if not completely destroy

corruption, deteriorated the situation still further. The unscrupulous

people seized new opportunities and conditions for their personal

gains.

The CBI Headquarters at R.K. Puram, New Delhi.

4 The CBIStructure & Functioning



Taking a serious note of the gravity of the

situation, the Government of India appointed an

eight-member Committee, headed by a veteran

Gandhian, K. Santhanam, MP, in June 1962, 'to

consider special measures' to root out the menace of

corruption from our public life. After going through

almost every aspect of the problem at length, the

Committee gave a comprehensive report, showing

the actual reach of the menace in the country and the

inadequacies and incompetence of the organizations

combatting it. It made several wise suggestions as to

how to solve the problem by complete overhauling

of the entire system of investigation of corruption.

About this time, a serious discussion and

debate on the issue of corruption was also started in

the Parliament and outside it, which led the

Government to believe that some organization with

greater scope and powers than what the DSPE

p o s s e s s e d wa s t h e n e e d o f t h e h o u r.

The Santhanam Committee helped in getting the

belief transformed into a reality.

The Purpose of CBI

Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Home Minister of India while announcing the

formation of the CBI in the Parliament (Lok Sabha), gave details regarding its

purpose as under :

‘The Central Bureau of Investigation will investigate cases of corruption in which

Central Government servants are involved, cases in which interests of Public Sector

Undertakings or any Statutory Body financed by the Government of India are

involved, cases of fraud, cheating, embezzlement, etc., relating to Public Joint Stock

Companies and also, at the request of or with the concurrence of the States

concerned, cases where organized gangs or professional criminal, having

ramification in several States are involved. The Bureau will describe statistics of

all-India importance relating to crime, conduct Police research, including analysis of

trends and causes of crimes and make special studies of certain specialized types of

crime, having all-India or interstate ramification or of crime having particular

importance from the social point of view.’

Lal Bahadur Shastri

Home Minister, India

Lok Sahba Debates, vol. XII, 23 Jan. 1963

Lok Sabha Debates,

Vol. XXI, 23rd Jan. 1963





Taking a serious note of the gravity of the

situation, the Government of India appointed an

eight-member Committee, headed by a veteran

Gandhian, K. Santhanam, MP, in June 1962, 'to

consider special measures' to root out the menace of

corruption from our public life. After going through

almost every aspect of the problem at length, the

Committee gave a comprehensive report, showing

the actual reach of the menace in the country and the

inadequacies and incompetence of the organizations

combatting it. It made several wise suggestions as to

how to solve the problem by complete overhauling

of the entire system of investigation of corruption.

About this time, a serious discussion and

debate on the issue of corruption was also started in

the Parliament and outside it, which led the

Government to believe that some organization with

greater scope and powers than what the DSPE

p o s s e s s e d wa s t h e n e e d o f t h e h o u r.

The Santhanam Committee helped in getting the

belief transformed into a reality.

The Purpose of CBI

Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Home Minister of India while announcing the

formation of the CBI in the Parliament (Lok Sabha), gave details regarding its

purpose as under :

‘The Central Bureau of Investigation will investigate cases of corruption in which

Central Government servants are involved, cases in which interests of Public Sector

Undertakings or any Statutory Body financed by the Government of India are

involved, cases of fraud, cheating, embezzlement, etc., relating to Public Joint Stock

Companies and also, at the request of or with the concurrence of the States

concerned, cases where organized gangs or professional criminal, having

ramification in several States are involved. The Bureau will describe statistics of

all-India importance relating to crime, conduct Police research, including analysis of

trends and causes of crimes and make special studies of certain specialized types of

crime, having all-India or interstate ramification or of crime having particular

importance from the social point of view.’

Lal Bahadur Shastri

Home Minister, India

Lok Sahba Debates, vol. XII, 23 Jan. 1963

Lok Sabha Debates,

Vol. XXI, 23rd Jan. 1963





North Block, New Delhi corridor

leading to Director, CBI office.

BIRTH OF CBI

Accordingly, the Government set up, vide Resolution stNo. 4/31/61-T, dated 1 April, 1963, the Central

Bureau of Investigation to investigate not only cases

of bribery and corruption, but also violation of

central fiscal laws, and serious crimes committed by

organized gangs and thugs, besides collecting

supporting intelligence, statistics of crime, and

conducting Police research and making special

studies, and so forth.

The organization drew its power of

investigation from the Delhi Special Police

Establishment Act, 1946. Its sphere of activity

(jurisdiction) was, also the same as defined by the

DSPE Act, 1946, that is, Delhi territory (now State).

It could, of course, go to other States also, but not

without their consent. The number of offences, which

the CBI was authorized to investigate was a shade

wider than before : it could now deal with most

of the major offences covered by Acts relating to

corruption – 69 Central Acts and 14 State Acts, and

231 IPC offences.

There was a change in the designation and

rank of the Head of the CBI. He was called a Director

now, and held the rank of Special Inspector-General

(SIG) of Police. He was provided 'security of tenure’.

Shri D.P. Kohli, the head of DSPE had the honour of

being the first Director of CBI.

For smooth and effective functioning, the

organization was divided into six Divisions:

(i) Investigation and Anti-Corruption Division;

(ii) Technical Division; (iii) Crime Records and Statistics Division; (iv) Research Division; (v) Legal and General

Division; and (vi) Administration Division.

In the initial years, the CBI functioned from East Block, R.K. Puram and subsequently moved to Indian

Express building at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, Shastri Bhawan, Faridkot House and then to Sardar Patel Bhawan in

1968. Presently, the CBI Headquarters is located in CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi since 1985.

Courtesy : Shankar’s Annual (May 1966)





North Block, New Delhi corridor

leading to Director, CBI office.

BIRTH OF CBI

Accordingly, the Government set up, vide Resolution stNo. 4/31/61-T, dated 1 April, 1963, the Central

Bureau of Investigation to investigate not only cases

of bribery and corruption, but also violation of

central fiscal laws, and serious crimes committed by

organized gangs and thugs, besides collecting

supporting intelligence, statistics of crime, and

conducting Police research and making special

studies, and so forth.

The organization drew its power of

investigation from the Delhi Special Police

Establishment Act, 1946. Its sphere of activity

(jurisdiction) was, also the same as defined by the

DSPE Act, 1946, that is, Delhi territory (now State).

It could, of course, go to other States also, but not

without their consent. The number of offences, which

the CBI was authorized to investigate was a shade

wider than before : it could now deal with most

of the major offences covered by Acts relating to

corruption – 69 Central Acts and 14 State Acts, and

231 IPC offences.

There was a change in the designation and

rank of the Head of the CBI. He was called a Director

now, and held the rank of Special Inspector-General

(SIG) of Police. He was provided 'security of tenure’.

Shri D.P. Kohli, the head of DSPE had the honour of

being the first Director of CBI.

For smooth and effective functioning, the

organization was divided into six Divisions:

(i) Investigation and Anti-Corruption Division;

(ii) Technical Division; (iii) Crime Records and Statistics Division; (iv) Research Division; (v) Legal and General

Division; and (vi) Administration Division.

In the initial years, the CBI functioned from East Block, R.K. Puram and subsequently moved to Indian

Express building at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, Shastri Bhawan, Faridkot House and then to Sardar Patel Bhawan in

1968. Presently, the CBI Headquarters is located in CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi since 1985.

Courtesy : Shankar’s Annual (May 1966)





Special Investigation Cell, CBI at

Dalhousie Road, New Delhi

Courtesy : R.K. Laxman

6968

....In Service of the Nation....



Special Investigation Cell, CBI at

Dalhousie Road, New Delhi


6968

....In Service of the Nation....



North Block, New Delhi





North Block, New Delhi





The Director CBI Chamber at North Block, New Delhi



The Director CBI Chamber at North Block, New Delhi



The office of CBI at

Sardar Patel Bhawan,

New Delhi

The CBI Headquarters,

CGO Complex, New Delhi

Front view of CBI Headquarters, CGO Complex, New Delhi




The office of CBI at

Sardar Patel Bhawan,

New Delhi

The CBI Headquarters,

CGO Complex, New Delhi

Front view of CBI Headquarters, CGO Complex, New Delhi




CBI Office at Jaipur

Judiciary, that is, the Supreme Court and High

Courts, impressed by the organization's efficiency

and professionalism, started giving complicated

cases 'requiring serious investigations, in some

cases on the prayers of the aggrieved parties, and in

some others on their own initiatives'.

As a result, the CBI's basket began to

overflow with crime cases. In view of this,

the Government divided the Investigation

Division into two Divisions, namely, the

Anti-Corruption Division and the Special Crimes

Division. The former dealt with the corruption

cases and the latter with cases of conventional and

economic offences.

In 1990s, some special investigating cells

were created to investigate important but highly

complicated cases, for instance, the Special

Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the

Rajiv Gandhi Assassination Case (1991), the Special

Investigation Cell-IV (SIC-IV) to investigate the

Babri Masjid Demolition Cases, and the Bank

Securities & Frauds Cell (BS&FC) to investigate the

cases related to bank frauds and securities scams

(1992). In the following year (1993), a Special Task

Force was created to take up investigation relating

to bomb blasts in Bombay.

70 Mall Road, Ambala Cantonment, Ambala, where one of the earliest CBI office was located.

In 1968, there was a change of guards. On superannuation,

Director D.P. Kohli handed over the charge and command of sthis corps to F.V. Arul (31 May, 1968).

During his five year tenure, Shri D.P. Kohli had put

the organization, as indicated above, on a sound footing.

Fortunately, the shape and speed of growth of the

organization did not diminish in any way during the time of

D.P. Kohli's successors. They too spared no pains to take the

organization ahead.

The Government had, however, a feeling, and rightly

so, that the CBI was in a way overburdened with work.

Hence, they transferred some of its work to other

organizations.

The part-work relating to crime records and statistics

was transferred to the National Crime Records Bureau

(NCRB) and a part concerning research work to the Bureau

of Police Research & Development (BPR&D).

The transfer of workload gave a certain feeling of

relief to the overloaded organization. But it was not destined

to enjoy the relief for long. After a while, some very difficult,

if not very heavy, work came its way from unexpected and

unusual quarters. It somehow happened that the higher

GROWTH WITH A DIFFERENCE

CBI Office at Srinagar





CBI Office at Jaipur

Judiciary, that is, the Supreme Court and High

Courts, impressed by the organization's efficiency

and professionalism, started giving complicated

cases 'requiring serious investigations, in some

cases on the prayers of the aggrieved parties, and in

some others on their own initiatives'.

As a result, the CBI's basket began to

overflow with crime cases. In view of this,

the Government divided the Investigation

Division into two Divisions, namely, the

Anti-Corruption Division and the Special Crimes

Division. The former dealt with the corruption

cases and the latter with cases of conventional and

economic offences.

In 1990s, some special investigating cells

were created to investigate important but highly

complicated cases, for instance, the Special

Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the

Rajiv Gandhi Assassination Case (1991), the Special

Investigation Cell-IV (SIC-IV) to investigate the

Babri Masjid Demolition Cases, and the Bank

Securities & Frauds Cell (BS&FC) to investigate the

cases related to bank frauds and securities scams

(1992). In the following year (1993), a Special Task

Force was created to take up investigation relating

to bomb blasts in Bombay.

70 Mall Road, Ambala Cantonment, Ambala, where one of the earliest CBI office was located.

In 1968, there was a change of guards. On superannuation,

Director D.P. Kohli handed over the charge and command of sthis corps to F.V. Arul (31 May, 1968).

During his five year tenure, Shri D.P. Kohli had put

the organization, as indicated above, on a sound footing.

Fortunately, the shape and speed of growth of the

organization did not diminish in any way during the time of

D.P. Kohli's successors. They too spared no pains to take the

organization ahead.

The Government had, however, a feeling, and rightly

so, that the CBI was in a way overburdened with work.

Hence, they transferred some of its work to other

organizations.

The part-work relating to crime records and statistics

was transferred to the National Crime Records Bureau

(NCRB) and a part concerning research work to the Bureau

of Police Research & Development (BPR&D).

The transfer of workload gave a certain feeling of

relief to the overloaded organization. But it was not destined

to enjoy the relief for long. After a while, some very difficult,

if not very heavy, work came its way from unexpected and

unusual quarters. It somehow happened that the higher

GROWTH WITH A DIFFERENCE

CBI Office at Srinagar





CBI Office at Shillong

CBI Office at Shimla


CBI Office at Bhubaneswar



CBI Office at Shillong

CBI Office at Shimla


CBI Office at Bhubaneswar



CBI Office at Lucknow

MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL RESHUFFLE

DIRECTORATE OF PROSECUTION

Division (SCD) deals with cases of terrorism, bomb

blast, homicide, kidnaping, murder and crimes done In a major organizational reshuffle in 1994, three

by the underworld dons.Investigation divisions were created : (1) Anti-

Corruption Division; (2) Economic Offences Division;

and (3) Special Crimes Division. As their name speak, On the Supreme Court's direction in the Vineet ththe Anti-Corruption Division (ACD) dealt with the Narayan Case (judgement 18 December, 1997),

cases of corruption and frauds committed by public a separate Directorate of Prosecution was set up in

servants of (all) the Central Government September 2001. It is responsible for conducting

Departments, Public Sector Undertakings and prosecution of CBI cases in courts and giving legal

Financial Institutions. advice to CBI officers. It also helps in the preparation

The Economic Offences Division (EOD) of panel of counsels to conduct prosecution. It is

investigates economic crimes like, bank frauds, headed by Director of Prosecution, who in turn, is

cheating, financial frauds, import, export and foreign assisted by Additional legal advisors and the deputy

exchange violations, smuggling of narcotics, antiques legal advisors, besides the prosecutors in the

and other contraband items. The Special Crimes branches, both for conducting trial of the cases in the

CBI Office at Chennai

courts and for dealing with all legal matters of the (6) Policy and Coordination Division; and

organization. (7) Central Forensic Science Laboratory.

After some time, a Policy and Coordination Each Division functions according to the CBI

Division was also set up. It coordinates investigations Manual under the command of a Senior Officer,

for members of the Interpol. Recently, a Cyber Crime assisted by well-trained and well-equipped staff

Investigation and Research Cell has also come up. towards its goal - to make our society corruption and

After the above additions, the organizational map was crime-free and our Nation healthy, wealthy and

redrawn by clubbing different outfits under seven strong.

Divisions. Now, the position is as follows :CBI is spread over the length and breadth of

(1) Anti-Corruption Division; the country, from Jammu & Kashmir in the North to

(2) Economic Offences Division;Tamil Nadu in the South, from Gujarat in the West to

(3) Special Crimes Division;Guwahati and Shillong in the North-East. It is an

(4) Directorate of Prosecution; organization of over 5,000 men, who have

(5) Administration Division; contributed greatly in instilling fear in the





CBI Office at Lucknow

MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL RESHUFFLE

DIRECTORATE OF PROSECUTION

Division (SCD) deals with cases of terrorism, bomb

blast, homicide, kidnaping, murder and crimes done In a major organizational reshuffle in 1994, three

by the underworld dons.Investigation divisions were created : (1) Anti-

Corruption Division; (2) Economic Offences Division;

and (3) Special Crimes Division. As their name speak, On the Supreme Court's direction in the Vineet ththe Anti-Corruption Division (ACD) dealt with the Narayan Case (judgement 18 December, 1997),

cases of corruption and frauds committed by public a separate Directorate of Prosecution was set up in

servants of (all) the Central Government September 2001. It is responsible for conducting

Departments, Public Sector Undertakings and prosecution of CBI cases in courts and giving legal

Financial Institutions. advice to CBI officers. It also helps in the preparation

The Economic Offences Division (EOD) of panel of counsels to conduct prosecution. It is

investigates economic crimes like, bank frauds, headed by Director of Prosecution, who in turn, is

cheating, financial frauds, import, export and foreign assisted by Additional legal advisors and the deputy

exchange violations, smuggling of narcotics, antiques legal advisors, besides the prosecutors in the

and other contraband items. The Special Crimes branches, both for conducting trial of the cases in the

CBI Office at Chennai

courts and for dealing with all legal matters of the (6) Policy and Coordination Division; and

organization. (7) Central Forensic Science Laboratory.

After some time, a Policy and Coordination Each Division functions according to the CBI

Division was also set up. It coordinates investigations Manual under the command of a Senior Officer,

for members of the Interpol. Recently, a Cyber Crime assisted by well-trained and well-equipped staff

Investigation and Research Cell has also come up. towards its goal - to make our society corruption and

After the above additions, the organizational map was crime-free and our Nation healthy, wealthy and

redrawn by clubbing different outfits under seven strong.

Divisions. Now, the position is as follows :CBI is spread over the length and breadth of

(1) Anti-Corruption Division; the country, from Jammu & Kashmir in the North to

(2) Economic Offences Division;Tamil Nadu in the South, from Gujarat in the West to

(3) Special Crimes Division;Guwahati and Shillong in the North-East. It is an

(4) Directorate of Prosecution; organization of over 5,000 men, who have

(5) Administration Division; contributed greatly in instilling fear in the






minds of the corrupt, in exposing scams that With the increase of work, CBI's strength also rocked the nation in the last 3-4 decades and

increased. Its headquarters and branch offices, giving hope of justice and fairness to the scattered throughout the country (in almost all the common man on the street. Every time, there States), were properly staffed and cared for. As a result, is a crime of any serious nature, there is a the overall delivery and efficiency of the organization demand for CBI inquiry from every quarter, improved. from the intelligentsia, from the Hon'ble

Courts and the masses.

thCourtesy : Shankar’s Weekly (17 November, 1963)

This image of CBI, of being impartial and

scientific has not been built overnight; the leaders and

their teams have toiled hard over decades to achieve

this. Every case is minutely monitored at all levels,

and one can see a team of Investigators and Officers

discussing the case either in the Main Conference Hall

or discussing the issues with the Director, CBI in his

Chamber.

The Main Conference Hall, located next to the

Director's Chamber, is the hub of all major discussions

and review of the progress made in investigation and

prosecution of various cases. It also 'hosts' the

conference of officers from all over India every

quarter. It is a place, which has witnessed the fact that

law is the only friend and justice the only destination

for CBI Officers.

The Director’s Chamber, CBI Headquarters, New Delhi






minds of the corrupt, in exposing scams that With the increase of work, CBI's strength also rocked the nation in the last 3-4 decades and

increased. Its headquarters and branch offices, giving hope of justice and fairness to the scattered throughout the country (in almost all the common man on the street. Every time, there States), were properly staffed and cared for. As a result, is a crime of any serious nature, there is a the overall delivery and efficiency of the organization demand for CBI inquiry from every quarter, improved. from the intelligentsia, from the Hon'ble

Courts and the masses.

thCourtesy : Shankar’s Weekly (17 November, 1963)

This image of CBI, of being impartial and

scientific has not been built overnight; the leaders and

their teams have toiled hard over decades to achieve

this. Every case is minutely monitored at all levels,

and one can see a team of Investigators and Officers

discussing the case either in the Main Conference Hall

or discussing the issues with the Director, CBI in his

Chamber.

The Main Conference Hall, located next to the

Director's Chamber, is the hub of all major discussions

and review of the progress made in investigation and

prosecution of various cases. It also 'hosts' the

conference of officers from all over India every

quarter. It is a place, which has witnessed the fact that

law is the only friend and justice the only destination

for CBI Officers.

The Director’s Chamber, CBI Headquarters, New Delhi





A view of Senior Officers’ meeting at the

CBI Conference Room, New Delhi.





A view of Senior Officers’ meeting at the

CBI Conference Room, New Delhi.





The growth of CBI and increase in the

volume of work demanded a centralized monitoring

of its cases and better coordination amongst the

branches.

Hence, the need arose for a Command Centre.

The Command Centre coordinates all activities of CBI

relating to Information Technology and provides

Command Centre, CBI Headquarters, New Delhi

online communication amongst the branches located

in various parts of the country. It plays an important

role in crisis management relating to the investigation

of major cases. It has cyber forensics and digital

analysis centre, network monitoring centre and

strategic communication centre, besides other

facilities.

Shri K.C. Pant, Union Minister of

State for Home Affairs at CFSL along

with Dr. H.L. Bami, Director, CFSL thon 26 April, 1971.

CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCE

LABORATORY

The Ministry of Home Affairs,

Government of India, set up a

Forensic Science Laboratory

(CFSL) for Delhi Police and the CBI

under the administrative control of

the CBI in 1968. It has now grown

into a first rate modern laboratory

counted among the 'few best' in the

country. The CFSL has ten fully-

equipped Divisions, namely,

Ballistics, Biology, Chemistry,

Computer Forensics, Documents,

Fingerprints, Lie Detector, Photo

and Scientific Aids, Physics and

Serology with an additional state-

of-the-art laboratory for DNA

profiling.





The growth of CBI and increase in the

volume of work demanded a centralized monitoring

of its cases and better coordination amongst the

branches.

Hence, the need arose for a Command Centre.

The Command Centre coordinates all activities of CBI

relating to Information Technology and provides

Command Centre, CBI Headquarters, New Delhi

online communication amongst the branches located

in various parts of the country. It plays an important

role in crisis management relating to the investigation

of major cases. It has cyber forensics and digital

analysis centre, network monitoring centre and

strategic communication centre, besides other

facilities.

Shri K.C. Pant, Union Minister of

State for Home Affairs at CFSL along

with Dr. H.L. Bami, Director, CFSL thon 26 April, 1971.

CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCE

LABORATORY

The Ministry of Home Affairs,

Government of India, set up a

Forensic Science Laboratory

(CFSL) for Delhi Police and the CBI

under the administrative control of

the CBI in 1968. It has now grown

into a first rate modern laboratory

counted among the 'few best' in the

country. The CFSL has ten fully-

equipped Divisions, namely,

Ballistics, Biology, Chemistry,

Computer Forensics, Documents,

Fingerprints, Lie Detector, Photo

and Scientific Aids, Physics and

Serology with an additional state-

of-the-art laboratory for DNA

profiling.





A view of work at CFSL, New Delhi

A p a r t f r o m i t s o r i g i n a l

beneficiaries, the CFSL now caters to the

forensic needs of all the Central

Government Departments, State

Forensic Science Laboratories, Defence

Forces, Government Undertakings,

Banks and so forth in investigating

criminal cases.

It has name for its professional

excellence and scientific and objective

studies.

Experts at Fingerprint Laboratory, CFSL, New Delhi





A view of work at CFSL, New Delhi

A p a r t f r o m i t s o r i g i n a l

beneficiaries, the CFSL now caters to the

forensic needs of all the Central

Government Departments, State

Forensic Science Laboratories, Defence

Forces, Government Undertakings,

Banks and so forth in investigating

criminal cases.

It has name for its professional

excellence and scientific and objective

studies.

Experts at Fingerprint Laboratory, CFSL, New Delhi



