4th Grade

SunSunOur Brightest StarOur Brightest Star

• Approximately one million Earths can fit inside the Sun.

• The center of the Sun, is made of helium.

• There are dark blotches on the Sun's surface called Sunspots. These are cooler areas of the Sun.

• 4.5 pounds of sunlight hit Earth every second.

Our Solar SystemOur Solar System

• Consists of nine planets.

• All revolve around the Sun, which is the main source of light and heat for these nine planets.

• It is the Sun's strong pull of gravity which keeps the planets in orbit around it.

MercuryMercuryOur Fastest Planet

• The closest Planet to the Sun.• Only a little larger than our

moon.• It is covered by dust, rocks,

and craters.• It takes 59 days for it to

rotate once around its axis.• Mercury can reach a high of

800 degrees and a low of about 300 degrees Fahrenheit.

VenusVenusOur Hottest Planet

• It takes longer to rotate once around its axis than to revolve once around the sun.

• On Venus a day is slightly more than a year.

• About the same size as Earth.• Has mountains, valleys, and

plains. • The heat is about 450 degrees

Celsius.• Has no water. • Life as we know it could not

survive here. Only rocks can handle the high temperature and crushing pressure.

EarthEarthOur Mother PlanetOur Mother Planet

• 70% of its surface is water& the other 30% is land.

• It’s tilt causes the seasons on the planet.

• Earth is the only planet in the universe which is known to support life.

• Earth is almost five billion years old.

• The center of the Earth, its core, is molten.

• Earth is the only planet in the Solar System known to be geologically active.

MarsMarsOur Angry Red PlanetOur Angry Red Planet

• The largest volcano in the Solar System is on Mars, called Olympus Mons.

• Mars has seasons like Earth. This is caused by the tilt of the planet's axis, at a similar angle to the tilt of Earth's axis

• Rocks from Mars have landed on Earth from meteorite impacts blasting debris through space.

• The average temperature on Mars is about -67 °F.

Jupiter Jupiter Our Largest PlanetOur Largest Planet

• Earth could fit into Jupiter over 1300 times!

• Jupiter is made up almost entirely of gas.

• Jupiter's famous Red Spot is a great storm that has raged for at least four hundred years.

• Jupiter has a thin set of rings, hardly visible from Earth.

• Jupiter has the strongest pull of gravity in the Solar System.

• If we were able to stand on the surface of Jupiter, we would weigh three times as much as we would on Earth.

SaturnSaturnRings of BeautyRings of Beauty

• Saturn is the second largest planet.

• The many moons of Saturn are as different as fire and ice. There are at least 24 of them.

• Saturn's rings are believed to be the particles of an old moon orbiting the planet, smashed apart in a collision about 50 million years ago. A year on Saturn would take almost thirty Earth years.

• Saturn is twice as far away from the Sun as Jupiter is.

UranusUranus

• It takes just over 84 years on Earth for Uranus to orbit the Sun.

• Uranus is the only planet in our solar system to rotate on its side.

• If we were able to see Uranus' moons orbiting the planet, they would go over and under the planet like lights on a ferris wheel.

• Uranus' pale blue color is caused by the methane in its atmosphere which filters out red light.

NeptuneNeptune

• Neptune sometimes orbits the Sun further away than Pluto making it the most distant planet in the Solar System.

• Since its discovery in 1846, Neptune has not yet completed a full orbit. In fact, it takes 165 years for the planet to go around the Sun.

• Neptune has the strongest winds in the Solar System, and a dark spot, similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.

PlutoPlutoThe Largest Dwarf PlanetThe Largest Dwarf Planet

• Pluto is the only dwarf planet to once have been considered a major planet.

• Once thought of as the ninth planet and the one most distant from the sun, it was re-classified as a dwarf planet in 2006;

• There are many other dwarf planets in our Solar System.

• Pluto is smaller than a lot of the other planets' moons, including our moon.

• Pluto has not been visited by spacecraft yet; we only have blurry pictures of its surface; even the Hubble Space Telescope orbiting the Earth can only get grainy photos because Pluto is so far from us.

• In 2015, a spacecraft called New Horizons (launched by NASA in 2006) will visit Pluto.

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse• A total solar eclipse is not noticeable

until the Sun is more than 90-percent covered by the Moon. At 99-percent coverage, daytime lighting resembles twilight.

• The longest duration for a total solar eclipse is 7.5 minutes.

• At any specific geographic location on the globe, a total solar eclipse can occur only once every 360 years, on average.

• Local animals and birds often prepare for sleep or behave confusedly during a total solar eclipse. Local temperatures often drop 20 degrees or more near totality.

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse• A lunar eclipse happens when the

Moon passes through the Earth's shadow.

• Lunar eclipses can only occur at full Moon.

• Lunar eclipses can last for more than three hours because the Moon and the Earth are moving slowly in relation to each other, and the shadow cast by the Earth is so large.

• Lunar eclipses are visible over an entire hemisphere, and can never happen more than three times a year.