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8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
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Summary of the Roadmap to
Accelerate Achievement of the
MDGs in Indonesia
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Ten years ago, at the General Assembly of the United Naons held in New York in September 2000,
Heads of State and representaves from 189 countries adopted the Millennium Declaraon
to confirm the global concern for the welfare of the people of the world. The objecves of the
Declaraon, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), place people as the main focus of
development and arculate a set of interrelated goals as the agenda for development and global
partnership. Each goal has been translated into one or more targets with measurable indicators.
In Indonesia and other developing countries, the MDGs are used as a reference in formulang
policies, strategies, and development programs. The Indonesian government has mainstreamedthe MDGs in all phases of development, from planning and budgeng to implementaon.
This approach has been outlined in the Naonal Long-Term Development Plan 2005-2025, the
Naonal Medium-Term Development Plans, 2005-2009 and 2010-2014, Annual Work Plans and
budget documents. Based on the naonal development strategy that is pro-growth, pro-jobs,
pro-poor, and pro-environment, allocaons of public funding at the central and regional levels
have been increased annually to support the achievement of the MDG targets. In addion,
producve partnerships between the Government, civil society organizaons and the private
sector have made a vital contribuon towards accelerang the achievement of the MDGs.
Aer the economic crisis in 1997/1998 Indonesia implemented a series of reforms in various
fields which provided a strong foundaon for the Indonesian people to return to a period ofhigh and sustainable economic growth. Economic growth and the strengthening of democracy
and social instuons during the past ten years have supported the achievement of the MDGs.
Indonesia has already been successful in achieving several MDG targets. For example, in terms
of poverty reducon, the proporon of the populaon living on less than USD 1 per day
has been reduced from 20.6 percent in 1990 to 5.9 percent in 2008. For several other MDG
targets significant progress has been achieved, and we are confident that other MDG targets
will be realized by 2015. Special aenon will be given to several MDG targets, including the
reducon of maternal mortality and increasing the rao of forest cover so that those targets
can be achieved by 2015.
This year, 2010, is a very important moment for Indonesia to again make a commitment to the
global declaraon on the MDGs. Indonesia will work harder to connue to improve the welfare
and quality of life of the people of Indonesia and to achieve the MDG targets on me. To that
end, the Government of Indonesia has formulated the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of
the MDGs. This Roadmap includes details concerning the present situaon, challenges faced,
as well as naonal development policies and strategies. Various approaches that need to be
implemented to accelerate the achievement of the MDG targets are also idenfied in this
Foreword
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Roadmap. The informaon presented in this publicaon is expected to contribute to a beer
understanding concerning the challenges faced and the steps that must be taken to achieve all
the MDG targets in Indonesia.
At the sameme, the Government of Indonesia connues to build an environment that allows all
components of society, including civil society organizaons, and the private sector to parcipate
producvely in a community-based, grass-roots movement to benefit all Indonesians. Success
in achieving the MDGs is highly dependent upon good governance, producve partnerships
among all components of society, and implementaon of a comprehensive approach to achieve
an inclusive paern of growth while improving public services and empowering communies
in all regions.
Akhirul kalam, we thank and express gratude to all those who have contributed to the
prepara
on of this Roadmap. We hope that what we have produced will be useful for thenaon.
Prof. Dr. Armida S. Alisjahbana, SE, MA
Minister for Naonal Development Planning/
Head of the Naonal Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS)
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Acknowledgement
The Naonal Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) in Indonesia from 2010 to 2015 has been prepared by a Team consisng of a Steering
Commiee and a Technical Team / Working Group responsible to the Minister of Naonal
Development Planning / Head of BAPPENAS. The membership of the Team is presented in
Appendix 4 of the Roadmap.
To all members of the Preparaon Team we extend our gratude and thanks for their hard
work and dedicaon which have contributed to the compleon of the Roadmap.
Appreciaon and thanks are specifically extended to:Prof. DR. Nila Moeloek, as the Special Envoy of the President for the MDGs, who has•
guided the formulaon process of this document.
Dr. Ir. Lukita Dinarsyah Tuwo, MA and Dra. Nina Sardjunani, MA who have coordinated•
the preparaon while also maintaining quality assurance for the substance of this
Roadmap.
Dr. Ir. Rr. Endah Murniningtyas, MSc; Dr. Ir. Taufik Hanafi MUP; Dr. Ir. Subandi, MSc; Dr.•
Arum Atmawikarta, SKM, MPH; Dr. Ir. Edi Eff endi Tedjakusuma, MA; Dra. Tu Riya,
MA; Ir. Wahyuningsih Daraja, MSc; Dra. Rahma Iryan, MT; Dr. Rd. Siliwan, MPIA;
Dadang Rizki Ratman, SH, MPA; Ir. Budi Hidayat, M.Eng.Sc; Ir. Wet Hernowo, MA; Ir.
Mony Girianna, MSc, MCP, Ph.D.; Dr. Ir. Sri Yan, MPM, Ir. Adi Wismana Suryabrata,MIA; Ir. Rahmana Yahya Hidayat, MSc; Woro Srihastu Sulistyaningrum, ST, MIDS;
Mahatmi Saronto Parwitasari, ST, MSIE; Ir. Yosi Tresna Diani, MPM; Dr. Ir. Arif Haryana,
MSc; Randy R. Wrihatnolo, MADM; Emmy Soeparmijatun, SH, MPM; Drs. Mohammad
Sjuhdi Rasjid; Dr. Sanjoyo, M. Ec; Fithriyah, SE, MPA, Ph.D.; Benny Azwir, ST, MM;
Imam Subek, MPS, MPH; Sularsono, SP, ME; Ahmad Taufik, S. Kom, MAP; Dr. Hadiat,
MA; Tri Goddess Virgiyan, ST, MEM; Dr. Hygiawa Nur Rahayu, ST, MSc; Ir. Tommy
Hermawan, MA; Ir. Nugroho Tri Utomo, MRPL Hamzah Riza, SE, MA; Erwin Dimas, SE,
DEA, Msi; Maliki, ST, MSIE, PhD; S. Happy Hardjo, M. Ec; Drs. Wynandin Imawan, MSc,
and Dr. Wendy Hartanto, MA who have contributed in providing data, informaon and
preparaon of the manuscript.
Our thanks are also extended to our development partners from the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) and the Australian Agency for Internaonal Development (AusAid), for their support
in the preparaon of this Roadmap, especially to Alan S. Prouty, MSc; Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Hidayat
Syarief, MS; Rooswan Soeharno, dr, MARS; Hjalte S.A. Sederlof, Ph.Lic (Econ.), MSc; and Sapa
Novadiana, and to all others who contributed to the preparaon of this document but that
cannot be menoned individually.
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May the Roadmap be used by all interested pares both within government and the concerned
stakeholders in eff orts to accelerate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals
by 2015.
Jakarta, August 2010
Minister for the Naonal Development Planning /
Head of the Naonal Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS)
Prof. Dr. Armida S. Alisjahbana, SE, MA
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FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ vii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................................... xi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xiii
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 1
SUMMARY BY GOAL ........................................................................................................ 9
OVERVIEW OF STATUS OF MDG TARGETS ....................................................................... 15GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER ................................................. 23
Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proporon
of people whose income is less than USD 1.00 (PPP) a day ........ 25
Target 1B: Achieve full and producve employment and
decent work for all, including women and young people ........... 39
Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proporon
of people who suff er from hunger .............................................. 43
GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION ..................................................... 49
Target 2A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike,
will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling ....... 51
GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN ................................ 59
Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
educaon, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of educaon
no later than 2015....................................................................... 61
GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY RATE ...................................................................... 69
Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015,
the under-five mortality rate ...................................................... 71
GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH ........................................................................... 78
Target 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015,
the Maternal Mortality Rao ....................................................... 79
Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproducve health .......... 79
Table of Contents
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GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES ....................................... 91
Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS ....................................................................................... 93
Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS
for all those who need it .............................................................. 93
Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence
of Malaria and other major diseases ........................................... 101
GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ..................................................... 111
Target 7A: Integrang the principles of sustainable development in
naonal policies and programs and reversing the loss of
environmental resources ............................................................. 113
Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant
reducon in the rate of loss ......................................................... 120
Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proporon of people without sustainable
access to safe drinking water and basic sanitaon ...................... 122
Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in
the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers ............................. 129
GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT .................................. 133
Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable,
non-discriminatory trading and financial systems ....................... 136
Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing
countries through naonal and internaonal measures in
order to make debt sustainable in the long term......................... 141
Target 8F: In cooperaon with the private sector, make available the
benefits of new technologies, especially informaon and
communicaons ........................................................................... 144
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Figure 1.1. Progress in reducing extreme poverty (USD1.00/capita/day) as
compared to the MDG target ................................................................. 25
Figure 1.2. Long-term trends in poverty reducon in Indonesia measured using the
indicator for Naonal Poverty Line and the target for 2015 ..................
Figure 1.3. The naonal trend in Indonesia of the Poverty Gap Index,
2002 to 2010 ........................................................................................... 26
Figure 1.4. The percentages of the populaon below the naonal poverty
line by major geographical region of Indonesia (2010) .......................... 27
Figure 1.5. Percentages of populaon below the naonal poverty line by
province of Indonesia, 2010 ................................................................... 27
Figure 1.6. The distribu
on of Indonesia’s poor by urban and rural se
ng(1990-2010) ............................................................................................ 28
Figure 1.7. The growth rate of labor producvity (in percentages) for the
agriculture, industry and the service sector ........................................... 29
Figure 1.8. Employment to Populaon Rao for urban and rural areas and for
the naonal level .................................................................................... 40
Figure 1.9. The proporon of vulnerable workers to total workers, 1990-2009 ...... 41
Figure 1.10. Trend in the prevalence of underweight children under five years
of age (1989-2007) using the WHO 2005 standard and the MDG
Target for this indicator in 2015 .............................................................. 43
Figure 1.11. The prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
by province (2007) .................................................................................. 44Figure 1.12. Trends in the average calorie consumpon for rural and urban
households (2002-2009) ......................................................................... 45
Figure 1.13. Trend in the desirable dietary paern (PPH) score of food
consumpon for rural and urban households, 2002-2007 ..................... 46
Figure 2.1. Trends for Net Enrolment Raos for primary and junior secondary
educaon levels (including Madrasah) ................................................... 52
Figure 2.2. Net Enrolment Rate for primary school including Madrasah
by province, 2009 ................................................................................... 52
Figure 3.1. Gender Parity Index (GPI) of Net Enrolment Rates (NER) senior
secondary schools by province, 2009 ..................................................... 62
Figure 3.2. Average monthly wages (Rp ‘000) of male and female workersin non-agricultural sectors ...................................................................... 63
Figure 4.1. Naonal trend Infant and Child Mortality per 1,000 live births ............. 72
Figure 4.2. Proporon of one-year-old children immunized against measles,
by province 2007 .................................................................................... 73
Figure 5.1. Naonal trends and projecons for the Maternal Mortality Rao
1991-2025............................................................................................... 80
Figure 5.2. Percentage of births assisted by skilled provider, by provinces ,
2009 ........................................................................................................ 80
List of Figures
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Figure 5.3. First and fourth antenatal visits, in Indonesia 1991- 2008 ..................... 81
Figure 5.4. Unmet needs, Indonesia 1991-2007 ...................................................... 82
Figure 6.1. AIDS cases per 100,000 populaon in Indonesia, 1989-2009................. 94
Figure 6.2. Number of AIDS cases in Indonesia, by province, 2009 ......................... 94
Figure 6.3. Distribuon of HIV Infecons, by populaon group, 2009 ..................... 95
Figure 6.4. Cumulave percentage on AIDS cases by age group, 2009 .................... 95
Figure 6.5. Percentage of unmarried women and men age 15-24 who have
ever had sex, who use condom at last sex, according to
background characterisc, 2007............................................................. 96
Figure 6.6. Proporon of men and woemn aged 15-24 with correct of
comprehensive knowledge about AIDS, by back ground characterisc,
Indonesia 2007 ....................................................................................... 97
Figure 6.7. Coverage of ART intervenons in Indonesia, 2006–2009 ....................... 97
Figure 6.8. Annual Parasites Incidence of Malaria, Indonesia 1990-2009 ................ 101Figure 6.9. The Naonal Case Detecon Rate (CDR) and Success Rate (SR)
of TB (%) 1995-2009 ............................................................................... 106
Figure 7.1. The percentage of forest cover of the total land area of Indonesia
from 1990 to 2008 .................................................................................. 113
Figure 7.2. Total energy use of various types for the years 1990-2008
(equivalent to Barrels of Oil (BOE) in millions) ....................................... 114
Figure 7.3. Ozone Depleng Substance Consumpon in Indonesia from 1992
to 2008 ................................................................................................... 114
Figure 7.4. Proporon of households with access to propoer (improved)
drinkingwater, 1993-2009 ....................................................................... 122
Figure 7.5. The proporon of households that have access to improveddrinking water in urban and rural and total according to
the provinces, in 1993-2009 ................................................................... 123
Figure 7.6. The proporon of households that have access to adequate
sanitaon in rural, urban and rural and urban total,
the year 1993-2009 ................................................................................ 123
Figure 7.7. Proporsi households that have access to adequate sanitaon in rural,
urban and total rural and urban, by province, year 2009 ....................... 124
Figure 7.8. The proporon of urban households living in slums, 1993 and 2009 .... 129
Figure 7.9. The proporon of urban slum households by province, 2009 ............... 130
Figure 8.1. The trends for imports, exports, GDP growth and the rao of imports plus
exports to GDP as the MDG indicator for economic openness .............. 137Figure 8.2. Loan to Deposit Rao (LDR in percent) of commercial and rural credit
banks, 2000 - 2009 ................................................................................. 138
Figure 8.3. The trend of foreign debt to GDP and the Debt Service Rao (DSR) during
1996-2009............................................................................................... 141
Figure 8.4. Percentage of populaon in Indonesia owning fixed-line telephones or
cellular telephones during 2004-2009 .................................................... 145
Figure 8.5. Percentage of households owning personal computers and having access to
the internet by province (2009) .............................................................. 146
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List of Maps
Map 1.1. Percentages of populaon below the naonal poverty line by provinceof Indonesia, 2010 .................................................................................. 28
Map 3.1. The average wages of female workers as percentages of the average
wages of male workers by province in August 2009 ............................... 64
List of Tables
Table 1.1. Annual Implementaon Targets Specified in the Naonal Medium-Term
Development Plan to Reduce Poverty .................................................... 32
Table 1.2. Underweight Prevalence Among Children Under Five Years of Age by
Rural and Urban Areas of Indonesia (2007) ............................................ 44
Table 1.3. Outputs and Targets Specified in the Naonal Medium-Term
Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2104) ................................................. 48
Table 2.1. Number and Proporon of Teachers by Academic Qualificaons and
School Levels for Indonesia (2009)* ....................................................... 54
Table 2.2. Program Priories, Outputs and Indicators 2010-2014 .......................... 57
Table 3.1. Priority, Output and Performance Indicators in Educaon, Polics,
and Labor, 2010-2014 ............................................................................. 67
Table 4.1. Priories, Outputs, and Targets to Improve the Quality of Child Health
Services, 2010—2014 ............................................................................. 76
Table 5.1. Priories, Outputs, and Targets to Improve the Quality of Maternal and
Reproducve Health Services, 2010-2014 .............................................. 87
Table 5.2. Priories, Outputs, and Targets for Populaon and Family Planning
Programs, 2010-2014............................................................................. 88
Table 6.1. Priories, Outputs and Targets of HIV/AIDS Migaon Program,
2010-2014............................................................................................... 100
Table 6.2. Priories, Outputs and Targets in Malaria Control Program,
2010-2014............................................................................................... 105
Table 6.3. Priories, Outputs and Targets in Reducing Morbidity and Mortality Rate
Related to TB, 2010-2014 ....................................................................... 109
Table 7.1. Annual Implementa
on Targets from the Na
onal Medium-TermDevelopment Plan to Improve Natural Resource Management ............ 116
Table 7.2. Selected Annual Implementaon Targets in the Naonal Medium-Term
Development Plan to Achieve Sustainable Use of Energy Resources ... 119
Table 7.3. Priories, Outputs, and Targets for Improvment of the Access to Drinking
Water and Improved Sanitaon, 2010-2014 .......................................... 128
Table 7.4. Implementaon Targets to Reduce the Proporon of the Populaon
Living in Slums ........................................................................................ 131
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List of Abbreviations
ACFTA The ASEAN-China Free Trade AgreementACSM Advocacy, Communicaon and Social Mobilizaon
ACT Artemisinin-based combinaon therapy
ADB Asian Development Bank
ADP Annual Development Plan
AEC ASEAN Economic Community
AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area
AIDS Acquired Immuno-defeciency Syndrome
AKFTA The ASEAN Korea Free Trade Agreement
ANC Antenatal Care
APEC The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperaon Forum
APL Areal Penggunaan Lain (areas for other uses)ART Anretroviral Therapy
ASEAN The Associaon of Southeast Asian Naons
BAPPENAS Kementerian Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (The Naonal
Development Planning Agency)
BCC Behavioral Change Communicaon
BCG Bacillus Calmee-Guérin
BEONC Basic Emergency Obstetric-Neonatal Care
BLT Bantuan Langsung Tunai (Direct Cash Assistance Program)
BOE Barrels of Oil Equivalent
BOK Biaya Operasional Kesehatan (subsidy for operaonal cost for health
facilies)
BOS Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (School Operaonal Assistance)
BPK Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (Supreme Audit Authority)
BPLHD Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (Local Environmental
Management Agency)
BPS Badan Pusat Sta s k (Central Bureau of Stascs)
BSM Beasiswa Miskin (Scholarship for Poor Children)
BSNP Board of Naonal Educaon Standards
BWA Broadband Wireless Access
CAIRNS Coalion of Agricultural Exporng Naons Lobbying for Agricultural Trade
Liberalizaon
CBE Compulsory Basic Educaon
CCS Carbon Capture and Storage
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CDR Case Detecon Rate
CEACR Commiee of Experts on the Applicaon of Convenons and
Recommendaons
CEONC Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric-Neonatal Care
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CEPT The Common Eff ecve Preferenal Tariff
CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons
CH4
Methane
CITES Convenon on Internaonal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and
Fauna
CLMV Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam
CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitaon
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CPR Contracepve Prevalence Rate
CSO Civil Society Organizaon
DAK Dana Alokasi Khusus (Special Allocaon Funds)
Desa Siaga Alert Village: a village that has resources capability and readiness to
overcome health problems and to reach a healthy village)
DOTS Directly Observed Treatment Short-CourseDPD Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (Regional Representave Council)
DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (House of Representaves)
DPRD Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (Regional House of Representaves)
DPT 3 Trivalent vaccines against three infecous diseases in humans: diphtheria,
pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus
DRA Demand-Responsive Approach
DSR Debt Service Rao
DSS Dengue Shock Syndrome
ECED Early Childhood Educaon and Development
EFA Educaon for All
FMU Forest Management UnitFSW Female Sex Worker
G-20 The group of 20 is a forum for 20 industrialized and developing countries to
discuss key issues of the global economy
G-33 Chair of the coalion of developing countries supporng flexibility to
undertake limited market openings on agricultural issues
GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariff s
GDP Gross Domesc Product
GER Gross Enrolment Rate
GHG Green House Gasses
GMP Growth Monitoring Pracce
GPI Gender Parity IndexHCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HDR Human Development Report
HIS Health Informaon System
HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
HL Hutan Lindung (Protected Forest)
HP Hutan Produksi (Producon Forest)
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HPK Hutan Produksi yang bisa dikonversi (forest areas which can be converted to
non-forest uses)
HPT Hutan Produksi Terbatas (Limited Producon Forests)
ICCSR Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap
ICCTF Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund
ICT Informaon and Communicaon Technology
IDHS Indonesia Demographic Health Survey
IDU Injecng Drug Users
IEC Informaon, Educaon and Communicaons
IJEPA Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement
ILO Internaonal Labor Organizaon
IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
IMF Internaonal Monetary Fund
IMR Infant Mortality RateINHERENT Indonesia Higher Educaon Network
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPPA Internaonal Planned Parenthood Associaon
IPTP Intermient Prevenve Treatment for Pregnant women
IRS Indoor Residual Spraying
ITN Inseccide-Treated Nets
IUCN Internaonal Union for Conservaon of Nature
IUD Intra-Uterine Device
Jamkesmas Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Naonal Health Security Program)
KAP Knowledge, A tudes and Pracce
KPA Kawasan Pelestarian Alam (Nature Conservaon Area)KPU Komisi Pemilihan Umum (General Elecons Commission)
KSA Kawasan Suaka Alam (Nature Reserve Area)
KUR Kredit Usaha Rakyat (People-Based Small Business Loan Program)
LDR Loan Deposit Rao
LG Local Government
LJK Lembaga Jasa Keuangan (financial service instuon)
LKBB Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank (non-bank financial instuon)
LLIN Long-Lasng Inseccidal Nets
LMIC Lower Middle Income Country
LMVD Lembaga Modal Ventura Dasar
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
LPTK Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan (Teacher Training Instute)
LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
MA Madrasah Aliyah
MARP Most at Risk Populaon
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MDR-TB Muldrug-Resistant TB
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MDTFs Mul-Donor Trust Funds
MI Madrasah Ib daiyah
MMR Maternal Mortality Rao
MMT Methadone Maintenance Therapy
MNCH Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health
MOH Ministry of Health
MONE Ministry of Naonal Educaon
MORA Ministry of Religious Aff airs
MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise
MSS Minimum Service Standards
MT Madrasah Tsanawiyah
MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework
NAMA 11 A coalion of developing countries seeking flexibility to limit market
opennings in trade of industrial goodsNCCC Naonal Council for Climate Change
NER Net Enrollment Rate
NFE Non-formal Educaon
NGHGI The Naonal Greenhouse Gases Inventory
NIN Naonal Idenficaon Number
NMTDP Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan
NO Nitrogen Oxide
NPL Non-Performing Loans
NTP Naonal TB Program
OBF Oil-Based Fuels
ODP Ozone Depleng PotenalODS Ozone Depleng Substances
ORS Oral Rehydraon Soluons
ORT Oral Rehydraon Therapy
PAKEM Pembelajaran Ak f, Krea f, Efek f dan Menyenangkan (Acve, Creave,
Eff ecve and Fun Learning)
PAUD Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Early Childhood Educaon)
PFM Public Finance Management
PHBS Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (clean and healthy behavior)
PISA Program for Internaonal Student Assessment
PISEW Program Infrastruktur Sosial Ekonomi Wilayah
PKH Program Keluarga Harapan (Family Hope Program)
PKK Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (Family Welfare Movement)
PLHIV People Living with HIV
PLWHA People Living with HIV/AIDS
PMTCT Prevenng Mother to Child Transmission
PNC Postnatal Care
PNPM Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Naonal Program for
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Community Empowerment)
Posyandu Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Integrated Health Post, a community-based basic
health monitoring and services at village level)
PPLS Pendataan Program Layanan Sosial (Social Service Program Survey)
PPP Purchasing Power Parity
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PT Perguruan Tinggi (Higher Educaon)
Puskesmas Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Primary Health Center)
RANMAPI Rencana Aksi Nasional untuk Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim (Naonal Acon
Plan on Migaon and Adaptaon to Climate Change)
RASKIN Beras Miskin (Rice for the Poor Program)
RBM Roll Back Malaria
RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance
REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforesta
on and Degrada
onRiskesdas Riset Kesehatan Dasar (basic health research, conducted by MOH-RI)
RPJPN Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional (Naonal Long-Term
Development Plan)
RPJMN Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (Naonal Medium-Term
Development Plan)
Sakernas Survei Tenagakerja Nasional (Naonal Labour Force Survey), conducted by
the Central Bureau of Stascs
SBM School-Based Management
SD Sekolah Dasar (Primary School)
SDKI Survei Demogra fi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (Indonesian Demography and
Health Survey)SKRT Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (Household Health Survey)
SMA Sekolah Menengah Atas (Senior High School)
SMP Sekolah Menengah Pertama (Junior High School)
SPM Standar Pelayanan Minimum (Minimun Service Standard )
SPR School Parcipaon Rate
SR Success Rate
SRH Sexual and Reproducve Health
STI Sexually-Transmied Infecon
Susenas Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Naonal Socio-Economic Survey),
conducted by Central Bureau of Stascs
TB TuberculosisTBA Tradional Birth Aendant
TFR Total Ferlity Rate
TIMSS Third Internaonal Mathemacs Science Study
UNDP United Naons Development Programme
UNFCCC United Naons Framework Convenon on Climate Change
UNICEF United Naons Childrens’ Fund
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UNSD United Naons Stascs Division
VCT Voluntary Counseling and Tesng
WAN Wide Area Network
WB World Bank
WBG World Bank Group
WHO World Health Organizaon
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WTO World Trade Organizaon
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Introduction
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In September 2000, at the Millennium Summit of the United Naons (UN), 189
member states agreed to adopt the Millennium Declaraon which was then
translated into a praccal framework, the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The MDGs place human development as the focus of development
and establish a set of measurable indicators of progress to be achieved by 2015.
There now remain five years for developing member states of the UN to achieve the
eight MDGs related to poverty reducon, aainment of universal basic educaon, gender
equality, improving maternal and child health, reducon in the prevalence of communicable
diseases, environmental sustainability, and global cooperaon. The MDGs are based onglobal partnership and developed countries also have stressed their agreement to fully support
these eff orts.
The MDGs have been an important consideraon in preparing naonal development
planning documents. The Indonesian government has mainstreamed the MDGs
in the Naonal Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN 2005-2025), the Naonal
Medium-Term Development Plans (RPJMN 2005-2009 and 2010-2014), and
Naonal Annual Development Plans (RKP) as well as the State Budget documents.
National Development Priorities
Based on the current condion of the Indonesian naon, taking into account the challenges
to be faced over the next 20 years, and the resource endowment of Indonesia, the Naonal
Development Vision for the years 2005-2025 year has been defined to be: an Indonesia that
is self-reliant, advanced, prosperous and just.
To achieve this vision, eight missions related Naonal Development are to be achieved:
Realizaon of a society that has strong moral values that are ethical, cultured, and1.
based on the philosophy of Pancasila,
Creaon of a compeve naon,2.
Creaon of a democrac society based on the rule of law,3.
Creaon of an Indonesia that is safe, peaceful and united;4.
Achievement of an equitable and just paern of development;5.
Creaon of a green and sustainable Indonesia;6.
Realizaon of Indonesia as an independent island naon, advanced, powerful, and7.
based on naonal interests, and
Enabling Indonesia to play an important role in the internaonal community.8.
Introduction
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The strategies to be implemented to accomplish this vision and missions have been translated
into stages of five-year periods that are presented in Naonal Medium-Term Development
Plan documents (RPJMN ). The five-year development phases are summarized as follows:
the first Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2005-2009) was formulated to1.
reorganize and develop all regions of Indonesia and to create Indonesia as a safe and
peaceful, just and democrac naon while increasing the welfare of the people;
the second Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2010-2014) aims to consolidate2.
the restructuring of Indonesia in all fields with an emphasis on improving the quality
of human resources, including development of science and technology, and the
strengthening of economic compeveness;
the third Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2015-2019) will further3.
strengthen overall development in various fields by emphasizing the achievement of
compe
veness of the economy based on compara
ve advantages of natural andhuman resources and the expanding capacity of science and technology; and
the fourth Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2020-2025) will create a self-4.
reliant Indonesian society, progressive, fair, and prosperous through the acceleraon
of development in various fields built on a solid economic structure and based on
compeve advantages in various fields supported by qualified and compeve
human resources.
The current Naonal Medium-Term Plan will be implemented during 2010 to 2014. The
Naonal Development Vision during this period has been defined as follows: The realizaon
of Indonesia as a prosperous, democrac, and just naon. This vision has been translated
into three Naonal Development Missions which are to: (i) connue developing towards aprosperous Indonesia, (ii) strengthen the pillars of democracy, and (iii) improve the jusce
system in all sectors.
The Vision and Missions of Naonal Development 2010-2014 have been formulated and
translated into operaonal terms in a number of naonal priories in the following themac
areas: (i) reform of the bureaucracy and governance; (ii) educaon; (iii) health; (iv) poverty
reducon; (v) food security; (vi) infrastructure; (vii) investment and improving the business
climate; (vii) energy; (ix) the natural environment and disasters; (x) border areas, remote areas
and post-conflict areas; and (xi) culture, creavity, and technological innovaon. In addion
to these eleven naonal priories, eff orts to achieve the Vision and Mission of the Naonal
Development will also be carried out through achievement of other naonal priories in thepolical, legal, and security areas and in the fields of the economy and people’s welfare.
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Development of Indonesia After the Global Crisis and
Achievement of the MDG Targets
During the past five years, while the naon has not yet fully recovered from the economic
crisis of 1997/1998, Indonesia has faced significant global challenges. Some of the most
important have been the fluctuaon of oil prices, rising food prices, global climate change
and the global financial crisis of 2007/2008. The global economic crisis has resulted in a
world economic recession which has influenced the performance of the domesc economy.
The growth rate of GDP dropped to 4 to 5 percent as compared with the growth rate of the
economy prior to the crisis, which amounted to 7-8 percent. With rising food prices, lower
middle income households and the poor have been forced to expend a greater share of their
incomes on food. Extreme weather events have increased; high rainfall has resulted in crop
failures and damage to crops, fishermen have been unable to go to sea and public health
has been negavely aff ected. In this unfavorable global environment, Indonesia connues to
organize and develop in all fields.
The various crises and global challenges menoned above have provided the lesson that
globalizaon has two diff erent sides which provide both opportunies and challenges. A
naon must be fully prepared in all fields to address the global crises and challenges.
Posive economic growth and strengthening of democrac instuons during the last
ten years have strengthened the posion of the naon to accelerate the achievement of
the MDGs. Currently, Indonesia is the third most populous democracy of the world and has
been able to strengthen the economy to achieve the status of a middle-income country. The
Indonesian naon has also worked consistently over the last decade to achieve the MDG
targets. Although there are sll many challenges and problems in the implementaon of
development in Indonesia, the Government remains determined to fulfill the commitment to
achieve the MDG targets on me.
Allocaon of funds in naonal and local budgets in Indonesia has increased from year to year
to support the achievement of the MDGs. This has been done to accelerate the achievement
of naonal goals. Se ng measurable targets related to the MDGs that can be monitored and
evaluated has proven to be eff ecve in increasing the effi ciency of resource allocaon. In turn,
evaluaon of the progress in achievement of the MDGs has been useful in adjusng plans to
be more responsive to the needs of poor and vulnerable groups.
In reviewing trends in the achievement of the MDG targets, the current status can be grouped into
three categories of achievement: (a) targets which have already been achieved, (b) targets for which
significant progress has been achieved, and (c) targets that sll require great eff ort to be achieved.
The MDG targets that have already been achieved include:
MDG 1• - The level of extreme poverty, that is the proporon of people living with per
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capita income of less than USD 1 per day, has declined from 20.6 percent in 1990 to
5.9 percent in 2008.
MDG 3• - The targets for gender equality in all levels of educaon are expected to
be achieved. In 2009, the Gender Parity Index (GPI) at primary schools including
madrasah ibdaiyah (SD/MI) was 99.7 percent while at the junior secondary schools
including madrasah tsanawiyah (SMP/MTs) and senior secondary educaon including
madrasah aliyah (SM/MA) the GPI was 101.99 percent. The rao of literate women to
men in the age group of 15-24 years has reached 99.85 percent.
MDG 6• - An increase in detecon of tuberculosis cases has been achieved, from
20.0 percent in 2000 to 73.1 percent in 2009 as compared to the MDG target of 70.0
percent. There has also been a decrease the prevalence of tuberculosis from 443
cases per 100,000 populaon in 1990 to 244 cases per 100,000 populaon in 2009.
The MDG targets for which significant progress has been demonstrated include:
MDG 1• - The prevalence of infant malnutrion has been reduced by nearly half, from
31 percent in 1989 to 18.4 percent in 2007. It is expected that the MDG target of
15.5 percent will be achieved by 2015.
MDG 2• – The parcipaon rate for primary educaon is close to 100 percent and the
literacy rate of the populaon was more than 99.47 percent in 2009.
MDG 3• –The parcipaon rao of females to males in SMA / MA / Paket C and higher
educaon in 2009 was 96.16 and 102.95. Thus it is expected that the target of 100 will
be achieved by 2015.
MDG 4• – The number of deaths in children under the age of five years has decreased
from 97 per 1,000 births in 1991 to 44 per 1,000 births in 2007. It is expected that the
target of 32 per 1,000 births will be achieved by 2015.
MDG 8• - Indonesia has been successful in developing trade and financial systems
that are open, rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory - as evidenced by the
posive trends in indicators related to trade and the naonal banking system. At the
same me, significant progress has been made in reducing the foreign debt rao to
GDP from 24.6 percent in 1996 to 10.9 percent in 2009. The Debt Service Rao has
also been reduced from 51 percent in 1996 to 22 percent in 2009.
The MDG targets where a posive trend has been demonstrated but which sll require
special eff orts to achieve the targets by 2015 include the following:
MDG 1• - Indonesia has raised its targets for poverty reducon and will give special
aenon to reducing poverty levels as measured against the naonal poverty line
from 13.33 percent (2010).
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MDG 5• - Maternal mortality has been reduced from 390 in 1991 to 228 per
100,000 live births in 2007. Special eff orts are required to achieve the target of
102 per 100,000 live births by 2015.
MDG 6• – The number of people living with HIV / AIDS has increased, parcularly
in high risk groups, including injecng drug users and sex workers. The rate of
increase is also high in some areas where awareness about this disease is low.
MDG 7• - Indonesia has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions, but is commied
to increasing forest cover, eliminang illegal logging and implemenng a policy
framework to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by at least 26 percent over the
next 20 years. At present, only 47.73 percent of households have sustainable
access to improved water supply, and 51.19 percent of households have access
to improved sanitaon. Special aenon is required to achieve the MDG targets
for Goal 7 by 2015.
The success of Indonesia’s development has been recognized globally and has received
various awards. Progress in developing the naonal economy over the past five years has
reduced the gap between Indonesia and the developed countries.
Developed countries who are members of the Organizaon of Economic Cooperaon and
Development (OECD) recognize and appreciate Indonesia’s development progress. Therefore,
Indonesia along with China, India, Brazil and South Africa were invited to enter the group of
‘enhanced engagement countries’ or states with an increasingly enhanced engagement with
developed countries. Indonesia has also joined the G-20, i.e. the twenty countries that control
85 percent of Gross Domesc Product (GDP) of the world, which has a very important and
decisive role in shaping global economic policy.
New Initiatives Moving Forward
Success in achieving the MDGs in Indonesia depends on the achievement of good
governance, producve partnerships at all levels of society and the implementaon
of a comprehensive approach to achieving pro-poor growth, improving public
services, improving coordinaon among stakeholders, expanding partnerships,
increasing the allocaon of resources, and developing decentralized approaches
to reducing disparies while empowering communies in all regions of Indonesia.
In planning to achieve the MDGs, the size, growth and distribuon of the populaon is
one important consideraon. Accelerang the achievement of the MDGs and all related
targets requires that populaon problems are addressed in a comprehensive and integrated
approach, including expanding access to reproducve health services and family planning
while protecng reproducve rights. The Indonesian populaon is 237.5 million people (2010
Populaon Census - Preliminary results, BPS), having more than doubled since 1971. Although
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the populaon growth rate decreased from 1.97 per cent per annum during 1980-1990 to 1.49
per cent per annum in the period 1990-2000, and to a 1.30 per cent per annum rate in 2005,
the total populaon of Indonesia in 2015 is expected to be approximately 247.6 million people
(Indonesian Populaon Projecon 2005-2025). Of this amount, approximately 60.2 percent
will be in Java which has an area of only 7 percent of the total land area of Indonesia. In
addion, no less than 80 percent of industries are concentrated in Java.
The Government is commied to maintaining a socio-economic environment and culture
where all cizens, civil society organizaons and the private sector can parcipate producvely
in improving the welfare of all Indonesians. In eff orts to accelerate the achievement of the
MDGs, the role of communies, including community organizaons, and especially women’s
groups, have contributed significantly, especially in educaon, health, the supply of clean
water and the living environment. In the future, grass-roots organizaons will connue to be
given a
en
on to speed up achievement of the MDGs and increase the welfare of the peopleon a sustainable basis.
Steps to accelerate the achievement of the MDGs during the next five years as mandated
by Presidenal Instrucon No. 3 of 2010 concerning Equitable Development Programming
include the following:
The Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs will be distributed as a•
reference for stakeholders in working to speed up aainment of the MDGs throughout
Indonesia.
Provincial governments will prepare “Regional Acon Plans to Accelerate Achievement•
of the MDGs” and these will be used is used as a reference in improving planning and
coordinaon of eff orts to reduce poverty and improve people’s welfare.Allocaon of funds by the central, provincial and district governments will connue•
to be increased to support the intensificaon and expansion of programs to achieve
the MDGs. A funding mechanism will be prepared to provide incenves to local
governments that perform well in achieving the MDGs.
Support for the expansion of social services in disadvantaged areas and remote areas•
will be increased.
Partnerships between the Government and private enterprises (Public - Private•
Partnerships or PPP) will be developed in the social sectors, especially educaon and
health, to expand sources of funding to support achievement of the MDGs.
Mechanisms to expand Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) iniaves will be•
strengthened to support the achievement of the MDGs.Enhanced cooperaon with creditor countries will be sought for the conversion of•
debt (debt swap) for achieving the MDGs.
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Summary by Goal
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MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
Indonesia has achieved the target of halving the incidence of
extreme poverty as measured by the indicator of USD 1.00 per capita
per day. Progress is also being made to further reduce poverty as
measured against the naonal poverty line from the current rate of
13.33 percent (2010) to the targeted rate of 8-10 percent by 2014.
The prevalence of undernourished children under five years of age decreased from
31.1 percent in 1989 to 18.4 percent in 2007 and Indonesia is on track to achieve theMDG target of 15.50 percent in 2015. Priories for the future to reduce poverty are to
expand employment opportunies, improve supporng infrastructure and strengthen
the agricultural sector. Special aenon will be given to: (i) expanding credit facilies
for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs); (ii) empowering disadvantaged
communies in all regions of the naon to beer access and use resources to improve
their welfare; (iii) improving access of the poor to social services; and (iv) improving the
provision of social protecon to the poorest of the poor.
MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
Indonesia is on track to achieve the MDG target for primary
educaon and literacy. The country aims to go beyond the MDG
educaon target for primary educaon by expanding the target to
junior secondary educaon (SMP and madrasah tsanawiyah-MTs,
grades 7 to 9) to the universal basic educaon targets. In 2008/09
gross enrolment rate (GER) at primary educaon level (SD/MI) was 116.77 percent and
the ne enrolment rate (NER) was 95.23 percent. At primary educaon level, disparity in
educaon parcipaon among provinces has been significantly reduced with NER above
90 percent in almost all provinces. The main challenge in acelerang the achievment of
MDG educaon target is improving equal access of children, girls and boys, to quality basic
educa
on. Government policies and programs to address this challenge: (i) expansion ofequitable access to basic educaon parcularly for the poor; (ii) improvement of the
quality, effi ciency, and eff ecveness of educaon; and (iii) strengthening governance
and accountability of educaon services. The policy to allocate minimal 20 percent
of government budget to the educaon sector will be connued to accelerate the
achievement of universal junior secondary educaon by 2015.
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MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
Progress has been achieved in increasing the proporon offemales in primary, junior secondary schools, senior high schools
and instuons of higher educaon. The rao of NER for women
to men at primary educaon and junior secondary educaon
levels was 99.73 and 101.99 respecvely, and literacy among
females aged 15-24 years has already reached 99.35. As a result, Indonesia is on track
to achieve the educaon-related targets for gender equality by 2015. In the workforce,
the share of female wage employment in the nonagricultural sector has increased. In
polics, the number of women in the Indonesian parliament increased to 17.9 percent
in 2009. Priories for the future are to: (i) improve the role of women in development;
(ii) improve protecon for women against all forms of abuse; and (iii) mainstream
gender equality in all policies and programs while building greater public awareness
on issues of gender.
MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
The infant mortality rate in Indonesia has shown a significant
decline from 68 in 1991 to 34 per 1,000 live births in 2007. With
this rate, the target of 23 per 1,000 live births in 2015 is expected
to be achieved. Likewise, the child mortality target is expected to
be achieved. However, regional disparies remain as constraints to
achieve the targets, reflecng the discrepancy in accessing health services, parcularly
in underserved and remote areas. The future priories are to strengthen health systems
and improve access to health services especially for the poor and remote areas.
MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
Of all the MDGs, the lowest rate of global achievement has been
recorded in the improvement of maternal health. In Indonesia,
the maternal mortality rao (MMR) has gradually been reduced
from 390 in 1991 to 228 per 100,000 live births in 2007. Extra hard
work will be needed to achieve the MDG target by 2015 of 102
per 100,000 live births. Even though the rates for antenatal care and births aended byskilled health personnel are relavely high, several factors such as high risk pregnancy
and aboron are considered to be constraints that require special aenon. Crical
measures to reduce maternal mortality are improving the contracepve prevalence rate
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and reducing the unmet need through expanding access and improving quality of family
planning and reproducve health services. For the future, priories to improve maternalhealth will be focused on expanding beer quality health care and comprehensive
obstetric care, improving family planning services and provision of informaon, educaon
and communicaon (IEC) messages to the community.
MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES
In Indonesia, the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate has increased, especially
among high risk groups, i.e. injecng drug users and sex workers.
The number of HIV/AIDS cases reported in Indonesia more than
doubled between 2004 and 2005. The incidence of malaria per
1,000 populaon decreased from 4.68 in 1990 to 1.85 in 2009.
Meanwhile, in TB control, the case detecon rate and successfully treated TB cases have
already reached the 2015 targets. The communicable disease control approaches are
focusing on prevenve measures and mainstreaming into the naonal health system.
Beyond that, communicable disease control eff orts must involve all stakeholders and
strengthen health promoon acvies to increase public awareness.
MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Indonesia has a high rate of greenhouse gas emission, but has worked
to increase forest cover, eliminate illegal logging and is commi
edto implemenng a comprehensive policy framework to reduce
carbon dioxide emissions over the next 20 years. The proporon
of households with access to improved sources of drinking water
increased from 37.73 percent in 1993 to 47.71 percent in 2009. At the same me, the
proporon of households with access to improved sanitaon facilies increased from
24.81 percent in 1993 to 51.19 percent in 2009. Acceleraon of achievement of the
targets for improving access to improved water and sanitaon facilies will be connued
with increased support. Aenon will be given to investments on water and sanitaon
systems to serve growing urban populaons. In rural areas, communies are expected to
play a larger role, with communies taking responsibility for operaon and management
of infrastructure with advisory support from local authories. The role and detailedresponsibilies of local governments in natural resource management and water supply
/sanitaon will be beer delineated and their skills enhanced.
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MDG 8: BUILDING GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
Indonesia is an acve parcipant in a wide variety of internaonalforums and is commied to connuing to build successful
partnerships with mullateral organizaons, bilateral partners and
representaves of the private sector to achieve a pro-poor paern of
economic growth. Indonesia has benefited from close collaboraon
with the internaonal donor community and internaonal finance instuons. The
Jakarta Commitment was signed with 26 development partners in 2009 to provide a
roadmap for all concerned to improve cooperaon and management of development
assistance in Indonesia. Indonesia has commited to reducing internaonal borrowing as
a percentage of GDP and this is demonstrated by the reducon of foreign debt to GDP
from 24.6 percent in 1996 to 10.9 percent in 2009. Indonesia’s debt service rao has also
connued to decline from 51 percent in 1996 to 22 percent in 2009. The private sector
has made major investments in informaon and communicaons technology and access
to cellular telephones, telephone land lines and internet communicaons has increased
dramacally over the past five years. In 2009 some 82.41 percent of the populaon had
access to cellular telephones.
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Overview of the Status of Achievement of the MDG Targets
Indicator Baseline Current MDGTarget 2015
Status Source
Goal 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the propor on of people whose income is less than USD
1.0 (PPP) a day
1.1
Proporon of
populaon below
USD 1.00 (PPP) per
day
20.60%
(1990)
5.90%
(2008)10.30% •
World Bank
and BPS
1.2
Poverty gap rao
(incidence x depth
of poverty)
2.70%
(1990)2.21% (2010) Reduce ► BPS,
Susenas
Target 1B: Achieve full and produc ve employment and decent work for all, including women andyoung people
1.4
Growth rate of
GDP per person
employed
3.52%
(1990)
2.24%
(2009)-
PDB Naonal
and Sakernas
1.5
Employment-to-
populaon (over 15
years of age)
65%
(1990)
62%
(2009)
BPS,
Sakernas
1.7
Proporon of
own-account and
contribung family
workers in total
employment
71%
(1990)
64%
(2009)Decrease ►
Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the propor on of people who su ff er from hunger
1.8
Prevalence of
underweight
children under-five
years of age
31.0%
(1989)*
18.4%
(2007)**15.5% ►
* BPS,
Susenas
** Ministry
of Health
Riskesdas,
2007
1.8a
Prevalence of
severe underweight
children under-five
years of age
7.2%
(1989)*
5.4%
(2007)**3.6% ►
1.8b
Prevalence
of moderate
underweight
children under-five
years of age
23.8%
(1989)*
13.0%
(2007)**11.9% ►
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
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Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG
Target 2015Status Source
1.9
Propor
on of popula-on below minimum
level of dietary energy
consumpon:
▼
BPS,
Susenas1400 kcal/capita/day
17.00%
(1990)
14.47%
(2009)8.50%
2000 kcal/capita/day64.21%
(1990)
61.86%
(2009)35.32%
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Educaon
Target 2A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete full
course of primary schooling
2.1
Net Enrolment Rao
(NER) in primary
educaon
88.70%
(1992)**
95.23%
(2009)*
100.00% ►* MONE
**BPS,
Susenas
2.2
Proporon of pupils
starng grade 1 who
complete primary
school.
62.00%
(1990)*
93.00%
(2008)**100.00% ►
* BPS, MONE
** BPS,
Susenas
2.3
Literacy rate of popula-
on aged 15-24 year,
women and men
96.60%
(1990)
99.47%
(2009)
Female:
99.40%
Male:
99.55%
100.00% ► BPS,Susenas
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary educa on, preferably by 2005, and inall levels of educa on no later than 2015
3.1
Raos of girls to boys
in primary, secondary
and terary educaon
- Rao of girls to boys
in primary schools
100.27
(1993)99.73 (2009) 100.00 ●
BPS,
Sakernas
- Rao of girls to boys
in junior high schools
99.86
(1993)
101.99
(2009)100.00 ●
- Rao of girls to boys
in senior high schools
93.67
(1993)96.16 (2009) 100.00 ►
- Rao of girls to boys
in higher educaon
74.06
(1993)
102.95
(2009) 100.00
3.1a
Literacy rao of
women to men in the
15-24 year age group
98.44
(1993)
99.85
(2009)100.00 ●
Con nued:
Overview of the Status of
Achievement of the MDG
Targets
►
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
37/16817Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG
Target 2015Status Source
3.2Share of women inwage employment
in the non-agricul-
tural sector
29.24%
(1990)
33.45%
(2009)Decrease ► BPS,
Sakernas
3.3
Proporon of seats
held by women in
naonal parliament
12.50%
(1990)
17.90%
(2009)Decrease ► KPU
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under- fi ve mortality rate
4.1
Under-five mortality
rate per 1,000 live
births
97
(1991)
44
(2007)32 ►
BPS,
IDHS 1991,
2007
4.2
Infant mortality rate
per 1,000 live births
68
(1991)
34
(2007) 23 ►
4.2a
Neonatal mortality
rate per 1,000 live
births
32
(1991)
19
(2007)Decrease ►
4.3
Proporon of one-
year-old children
immunized against
measles
44.5%
(1991)
67.0%
(2007)Decrease ►
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
Target 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Mortality Ra o
5.1
Maternal Mortality
Rao (per 100,000
live births)
390
(1991)
228 (2007) 102 ▼BPS,
IDHS 1991,
2007
5.2
Proporon of births
aended by skilled
health personnel (%)
40.70%
(1992)
77.34%
(2009)Increase ►
BPS,
Susenas
1992-2009
Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproduc ve health
5.3
Current contracepve
use among married
women 15-49 years
old, any method
49.7%
(1991)
61.4%
(2007)Increase ►
BPS,
IDHS 1991,
2007
5.3a
Current
contracepve use
among married
women 15-49 years
old, modern method
47.1%
(1991)
57.4%
(2007)Increase ▼
Con nued:
Overview of the Status of
Achievement of the MDG
Targets
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
38/16818 Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG
Target 2015Status Source
5.4 Adolescent birth rate(per 1000 women aged
15-19)
67 (1991) 35 (2007) Decrease ►
BPS,
IDHS 1991,
20075.5
Antenatal care
coverage (at least one
visit and at least four
visists)
- 1 visit: 75.0% 93.3%
Increase
►
- 4 visits:56.0%
(1991)81.5% (2007) ►
5.6Unmet need for family
planning
12.7%
(1991)9.1% (2007) Decrease ▼
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases
Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
6.1
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
among total populaon
(percent)
- 0.2% (2009) Decrease ▼MOH
esmated
2006
6.2Condom use at last
high-risk sex
12.8%
(2002/3)
Female:
10.3%Increase
▼ BPS,IYARHS
2002/2003 &
2007Male:
18.4% (2007)▼
6.3
Proporon of
populaon aged
15-24 years with
comprehensive correctknowledge of HIV/AIDS
- Married -
Female:
9.5%Increase ▼ BPS,
IDHS 2007Male: 14.7%
(2007)
- Unmarried -
Female:
2.6%Increase ▼ BPS,
SKRRI 2007Male: 1.4%
(2007)
Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
6.5
Proporon of
populaon withadvanced HIV infecon
with access to
anretroviral drugs
-38.4%
(2009)Increase ▼
MOH, 2010as per 30
November
2009
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
Con nued:
Overview of the Status of
Achievement of the MDG
Targets
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
39/16819Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG
Target 2015Status Source
Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of Malaria and other major dis-eases
6.6
Incidence and death
rates associated with
Malaria (per 1,000)
6.6a
Incidence rate
associated with
Malaria (per 1,000):
4.68
(1990)
1.85 (2009)Decrease ► MOH
2009
- incidence of Malaria
in Jawa & Bali
0.17
(1990)
0.16
(2008)Decrease ► API, MOH
2008
- Incidence of Malaria
outside Jawa & Bali
24.10
(1990)
17.77
(2008)Decrease ► AMI, MOH
2008
6.7
Proporon of children
under 5 sleeping
under inseccide-
treated bednets
-
3.3%
Rural: 4.5%
Urban: 1.6%
-2007
Increase ▼ BPS,IDHS 2007
6.9
Incidence, prevalence
and death rates
associated with
Tuberculosis
6.9a
Incidence rates
associated with
Tuberculosis (all
cases/100,000 pop/
year)
343
(1990)
228
(2009)
Stop,
began to
reduce
●
TB Global
WHO Report,
20096.9b
Prevalence rate of
Tuberculosis (per
100,000)
443(1990)
244(2009) ●
6.9c
Death rate of
Tuberculosis (per
100,000)
92
(1990)
39
(2009) ●
6.10
Proporon of
Tuberculosis cases
detected and cured
under directly
observed treatment
short courses
6.10a
Proporon of
Tuberculosis cases
detected under
directly observed
treatment short
course (DOTS)
20.0%
(2000)*
73.1%
(2009)**70.0% ● * TB GlobalWHO Report,
2009
6.10b
Proporon of
Tuberculosis cases
cured under DOTS
87.0%
(2000)*
91.0%
(2009)**85.0% ● ** MOH
Report-2009
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
Con nued:
Overview of the Status of
Achievement of the MDG
Targets
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
40/16820 Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG
Target 2015Status Source
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental SustainabilityTarget 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and
reverse the loss of environmental resources
7.1
The rao of actual
forest cover to total
land area based on
the review of satellite
imagery and aerial
photographic surveys
59.70%
(1990)
52.43%
(2008)Increase ▼ Ministry of
Forestry
7.2Carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions
1,416,074
Gg CO2e
(2000)
1,711,626 Gg
CO2e (2008)
Reduce at
least 26% by
2020
▼ Ministry ofEnvironment
7.2a
Primary energy
consumpon(per capita)
2.64 BOE
(1991)
4.3 BOE
(2008) Reduce
Ministry
of Energy
and Natural
Resources
7.2b. Energy Intensity
5.28
BOE/ USD
1,000
(1990)
2.1 BOE/
USD 1,000
(2008)
Decrease
7.2c Energy Elascity0.98
(1991)1.6 (2008) Decrease
7.2dEnergy mix for
renewable energy
3.5%
(2000)3.45% (2008) -
7.3
Total consumpon
of ozone depleng
substances (ODS) in
metric tons
8,332.7
metric
tons
(1992)
0 CFCs
(2009)
0 CFCs while
reducing
HCFCs
► Ministry ofEnvironment
7.4
Proporon of fish
stocks within safe
biological limits
66.08%
(1998)
91.83%
(2008)not exceed ►
Ministry
of Marine
Aff airs &
Fisheries
7.5
The rao of terrestrial
areas protected to
maintain biological
diversity to total
terrestrial area
26.40%
(1990)
26.40%
(2008)Increase ► Ministry of
Forestry
7.6
The rao of marine
protected areas to
total territorial marine
area
0.14%
(1990)*
4.35%
(2009)** Increase ►
*Ministry of
Forestry /
**Ministry
of Marine
Aff airs &
Fisheries
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
Con nued:
Overview of the Status of
Achievement of the MDG
Targets
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
41/16821Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG
Target 2015Status Source
Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the propor on of households without sustainable access to safe drinkingwater and basic sanita on
7.8
Proporon of
households with
sustainable access to
an improved water
source, urban and
rural
37.73%
(1993)
47.71%
(2009)68.87% ▼
BPS,
Susenas
7.8a Urban50.58%
(1993)
49.82%
(2009)75.29% ▼
7.8b Rural31.61%
(1993)
45.72%
(2009)65.81% ▼
7.9
Proporon of
households withsustainable access to
basic sanitaon, urban
and rural
24.81%
(1993)
51. 19%
(2009)62.41% ▼
7.9a Urban53.64%
(1993)
69.51%
(2009)76.82% ▼
7.9b Rural11.10%
(1993)
33.96%
(2009)55.55% ▼
Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a signi fi cant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum
dwellers
7.1
Proporon of urban
populaon living in
slums
20.75%
(1993)
12.12%
(2009)-
BPS,
Susenas
Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and fi nancial
systems
7.1
Proporon of urban
populaon living in
slums
20.75%
(1993)
12.12%
(2009)- ► BPS & The
World Bank
7.1
Proporon of urban
populaon living in
slums
20.75%
(1993)
12.12%
(2009)- ► BI Economic
Report 2008,
2009
7.1
Proporon of urban
populaon living in
slums
20.75%
(1993)
12.12%
(2009)- ►
Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through na onal
and interna onal measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
8.12Rao of Internaonal
Debt to GDP
24.59%
(1996)
10.89%
(2009) Reduce ► Ministry of
Finance
8.12aDebt Service Rao
(DSR)
51.00%
(1996)
22.00%
(2009) Reduce ► BI Annual
Report 2009
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
Con nued:
Overview of the Status of
Achievement of the MDG
Targets
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
42/16822 Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG
Target 2015Status Source
Target 8F: In coopera on with the private sector, make available the bene fi ts of new technologies,especially informa on and communica ons
8.14
Proporon of
populaon with
fixed-line telephones
(teledensity in
populaon)
4.02%
(2004)3.65% (2009) Increase ► Minister of
Communicaon
and Informacs
2010
8.15
Proporon of
populaon with
cellular phones
14.79%
(2004)
82.41%
(2009)100.00% ►
8.16
Proporon of
households with
access to internet
-11.51%
(2009)50.00% ▼
BPS,
Susenas
2009
8.16aProporon ofhouseholds with
personal computers
- 8.32% (2009) Increase ▼BPS,
Susenas
2009
Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon
Con nued:
Overview of the Status of
Achievement of the MDG
Targets
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
43/168
Coming Home the
Goal 1:Eradicate Extreme Povertyand Hunger
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
44/16824 Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
45/16825Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Target 1A:
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of peoplewhose income is less than USD 1.00 (PPP) a day
Current Status
The incidence of extreme poverty (using the measurement of USD 1.00 purchasing power
parity per capita per day) has been reduced in Indonesia from 20.6 percent in 1990 to 5.9
percent in 2008, and Indonesia has already achieved and exceeded Target 1 for reducon of
extreme poverty. Figure 1.1 presents the trend for the declining percentages of the populaon
esmated to have levels of consumpon below USD 1.00 (PPP) per capita per day as measuredby World Bank/BPS annually from 1990 to 2008. The declining trend is expected to be sustained
to 2015 and beyond.
Goal 1:
Eradicate Extreme Povertyand Hunger
Figure 1.1:
Progress in Reducing Extreme Pove
(USD1.00/capita/day) as Compared
the MDG Target
Source:
BPS, Susenas, The World Bank 2008.
2 0 . 6
1 4 . 8
7 . 8
9 . 9
1 2 . 0
9 . 9
9 . 2
7 . 2
6 . 6 7
. 4
6
. 0
8 . 5
6 . 7
5
. 9
Target:
10.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 9 9 0
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 6
1 9 9 8
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
2 0 0 9
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 1
2 0 1 2
2 0 1 3
2 0 1 4
2 0 1 5
P e r c e n t a g e
8/18/2019 4. Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement
46/16826
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia
Using the prevailing naonal poverty line, the incidence of poverty has generally trended
downwards during the period 1976 to 1996 (Figure 1.2). The economic crisis in 1997/8
resulted in a dramac increase in the number of Indonesians below the poverty line. The
incidence of poverty more than doubled to 24.2 percent in 1998 when a negave GDP growth
rate was recorded and prices increased dramacally. Since 1999, the naonal poverty rate had
been reduced to 13.33 percent (2010) as the naonal economy has recovered and as iniaves
to reduce the incidence of poverty proved to be eff ecve in benefing the poor. Although the
percentage of the populaon living below the poverty line in 2010 had been reduced, the
total number of people living below the naonal poverty line was sll high, amounng to
31.02 million people. At the same me it is important to note that the decline of the poverty
rate from March 2009 to March 2010 is only 0.82 percent and that was less than during the
previous year (2008/2009) when the decline of the poverty rate was 1.27 percent. As a result
it is necessary to take steps to increase the rate of poverty reducon.
The Poverty Gap Index is an indicator which measures the gap between the average income
of the poor and the naonal poverty line. During the period 2002-2010 the trend for this
indicator was generally downward, although there was a significant increase in 2006 reflecng
increases in the naonal price of fuel and other basic consumer goods. Aer 2006 there has
been a posive downward trend reflecng the impact of the measures to stablize prices and
migate the impact of price increases on the poor (see Figure 1.3). In 2009 the average Poverty
Gap Index for all areas was 2.5, and in 2010 there was a further decline to 2.2. The Poverty Gap
Index measured for rural areas (3.05) was significantly higher than for urban areas (1.91) and
the highest levels were found in the rural areas of the provinces of Papua Barat (12.52), Papua(11.51), Maluku (6.94), Gorontalo (6.26), Aceh (4.87), Sulawesi Tengah (4.8), Yogyakarta (4.74),
and Nusa Tenggara Timur (4.47).
The total number of poor is large and the distribuon of the poor among the provinces and
islands of Indonesia is uneven. Of the 31.02 million people living below the naonal poverty
line in 2010, the largest share (55.83 percent) are resident on the island of Jawa. Sumatera
Figure 1.2:
Long-Term Trends in Poverty
Reducon in Indonesia Measured
Using the Naonal Poverty Line
Source:
BPS, Susenas, several years.
5 4 . 2
4 7 . 2
4 2 . 3
4 0 . 6
3 5 . 0
3 0 . 0
2 7 . 2
2 5 . 9
2 2 . 5
4 9 . 5
4 8 . 0
3 8 . 7
3 7 . 9
3 8 . 4
3 7 . 3
3 6 . 1
3 5 . 1 3
9 . 3
3 7 . 2
3 5 . 0
3 2 . 5
3 1 . 0
4 0 . 1
3 3 . 3
2 8 . 6
2 6 . 9
2 1 . 6
1 7 . 4
1 5 . 1
1 3 . 7
1 1 . 3
2 4 . 2
2 3 . 4
1 9 . 1
1 8 . 4
1 8 . 2
1 7 . 4
1 6 . 7
1 6 . 0
1 7 . 8
1 6 . 6
1 5 . 4
1 4 . 2
1 3 . 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 9 7 6
1 9 7 8
1 9 8 0