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4 Questions 1. What are our current fishing practices?2. What impacts do these practices have
on the ocean floor?3. What are the major problems plaguing
our oceans?4. What are some solutions?
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What are the current fishing practices?
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Fig. 12-A, p. 255
Fish farming in cage
Trawler fishing
Spotter airplane
Sonar
Trawl flap
Trawl lines
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl bagFish school
Drift-net fishingLong line fishing
Lines with hooks
Fish caught by gills
Deep sea aquaculture cage
Float Buoy
Fig. 12-A, p. 255
Fish farming in cage
Trawler fishing
Spotter airplane
Sonar
Trawl flap
Trawl lines
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl bagFish school
Drift-net fishingLong line fishing
Lines with hooks
Fish caught by gills
Deep sea aquaculture cage
Float Buoy
What impacts do these have on ocean life?
• Area of ocean before and after a trawler net, acting like a giant plow, scraped it.
Figure 12-2Figure 12-2
What are the current problems in our oceans?
• The major decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is because of over-fishing.
• By-catch- fish or animals that were not meant to be caught.
• Pollution in the 5 major gyres ( Trash patches)
• Whaling
pollution
Overfishing and Extinction: Gone Fishing, Fish Gone
• About 75% of the world’s commercially valuable marine fish species are over fished or fished near their sustainable limits.– Big fish are becoming scarce.– Smaller fish are next.– We throw away 40% of the fish we catch.– We needlessly kill sea mammals and birds.
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Whaling• IWC: International Whaling Commission
– Set up in 1946– 1986 Zero whale catch was introduced (except for subsistence
fishermen which have limited numbers)• JAPAN Whaling : RESEARCH
– “North Pacific (2) - JARPN II (2000 and ongoing)
It included sub-projects on:1) feeding ecology (including prey consumption and preferences of cetaceans and ecosystem modeling);2) stock structure;3) environmental effects on cetaceans and the marine ecosystem
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17312460http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/03/01/japan-retreats-whale-hunt
• WHALE WARS17
Sustainable Fishing Practices
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How do we do this…• Market Place
– Read labels• Economic Incentives
– TEDs– Round hooks– No more subsidies– Optimum sustainable yield– Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ’s)
• Regulatory Approaches– IWC– Japan Whaling Research– Exclusive Economic Zones vs. high seas– Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s)
Aquacultures aka Blue Revolution
Advantages • Possibly support 50%
of world’s seafood need.
• Low fuel cost• High yield in low
volume of water• Reduces
overharvesting
Disadvantages
• Large waste output• Destroy habitats• Uses grain to feed some
species• Dense populations
susceptible to disease.• Escapes threatens wild
fish populations (Disease, competition and interbreeding)
• Aquaculture: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/library/aq_video_gallery.html
• Sustainable fishing in the Coral Triangle:http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/how_we_work/conservation/marine/sustainable_fishing/
• TED’s:http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/threats-to-animals-environment/turtle-excluder/
Now its time to summarize…
These notes are about…
Three things I learned today are…
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