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Abstract

The article as the title suggests is about Pakistan's economy. The

author has discussed it from 1947 to 2005. Pakistan from its birth has

faced many challenges but still it progressed. Some time it was

enviable and at others it was lamentable. Pakistan faced number of

calamities, at the time of birth there was influx of refugees, lack of

funds to run the government, water and Kashmir dispute with India.

These problems affected its economy adversely. Then wars were

fought with India on Kashmir issue. In, 1971 one part of Pakistan was

dismembered. This affected Pakistans economy to the core.

Pakistan faced natural disaster as well as man made disasters.

Man made catastrophe poor structure of water catchments areas,

East Pakistan debacle was also man made. Not investing on human

resource development due to lack of interest also depict man made

tragedies. The economy of Pakistan in spite of its entire limited

infrastructure is still progressing. Its inertia for development is

immense. The foremost task of the middle class should be to invest in

human resource development i.e., education and health. Why these

liabilities fall on middle class? As we know upper class is attracted to

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money, they move and invest where they are sure to gain profit.

The poor are marginalized strata of society. For them keeping

their body and soul intact is a test.

The middle class is the backbone of a nation. They have to work

out ways so that people can survive with dignity and honour. They are

the ones who feel the pain and strive to make ways for others.

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19 ______________________________________________________ 0*ÎyÅçÙ@*gõ

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Z¤/ëMYÔ"nÔâZiÑpZzg6,zm,æsÆŠzg~ƒäzZàág~»Y,{BÂZq-ÌZŠZg}Å�Ûz|#WÐWiZŠ7¶X¬x@*W,¸ìāu»g~ZŠZg}ðIßÍVÃZzä7}�Ûz|#G‰Xz,ÌZ,o~

ág~ù»x[ƒ$Ëì˜VuâtÅr~Zzg6uâgH¹özŠƒVXZ¤/ág~»Ñ£«ÅcaZ™**åÂtÑÌqÝ7ƒeXZÒtƒZāu»g~ZYg{ŠZg~Å(˜ZYg{ŠZg~c*PZYg{ŠZgzVäáàXZk»

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Z-[ŠzgÆ22Z÷{0+Zy(,|™÷áh+022ƒ`÷pZ[ZÒuâtŠZg"^Zzg"**x÷LrgËâàCwÆjZáм**x‚tWYD÷XZz!V~Ó‘¬xWŠòДVŽ»yaÔðZzg’»ya7“g„÷pLËÐt77YŠHāZkÆ**x6,X�÷c*Zk»**xXµVÆ1geWseZ],�i~÷áïìXZϧbig¦i}Å!ÆjZáÐ̼77YŠHXuât»gzVcÂCÙP~F%Z¬]ñ�ŠƒC÷p™g@Æ¢ŠÃÃðD�ÛZë7HY@*XZâYņVZzg£gÆjZáÐÃð{mNzwñ�Š7ìXÑLZ3gzVc*ZÅxÆÑÓÆfg)úZxÃÁ£gÅZâYQŠZñV�Ûz|#ÅYC÷XZq-„!*iZg~Zq-qÅ7ZŠ»âV6,ZCðYCìX

Z[J-�¼ÒyHŠHz{¹6,.yÁìp÷áZ+X)b»0*ÎyÂoìz{Š*ÆZÒF,¹5+k,˜´~ñ�Š÷X…ZCñZi:F,¹c*C˜´Ð™äÅOñZL‰F,¹5+k,˜´Ð™**ƒÇXZkjZá

C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZÆ',4102YDâga5102Y _____________________________________ 29

Ðøg~çÙ»g™ŠÏ¹÷á0+Zg7g„ì¹yZ[Ì7g„ìXWiZŠ~Æz‰ÜigZ®)Zko»ƒÐ(,Z%„7ÉzZu%åpZ[Z(7ìXQ%Ô}.â]Æ%ÔyÆ%~F,¹Æˆ{x±aZzZg

~igZ®)»zÜs02‚g{ŠHìX{mîg6,}.â]»%T~ˆg]Ì÷áïìZez{x±aZzZg~35‚ìX

Í®}Zâ$o-.3ï GHEHJä5002Y~LLZŒŠHg{Æ**xóóЊHg{Z,”VÆ**xYg~G¸�¢F,¹c*C˜´Åz„~÷áïƒMh÷XZy~ЊzF,ÅZzg†!Ãgc*ZkŠzgZyt%³ð™`÷Zzg!*¹â÷X0*Îy»**xOñze$**xZzg**0c*Æ‚BaYäÆZk,ZyZzgZ&+zkÆ‚B1YYìXÅ»x!ÆZk**]ic*Š{÷X0*Îy»'Z5ðûzqZ(ì�ZkÊ*ÅP(,~(,~r-VÅŒÛ"$«™@*ìX}ætz«ÔzVZ¨Ågc*ZÔ¸g]Zzguz){XZ¤/…¸g]Æ‚B(:±ã7,'c*LZjy˜ŠZzgLŠc¤/Š~ÅkB~z:¢87,@*Âøg}çÙqÑ]$¨45é GGGES¹4ƒMh¸X

jZ!Y]1- Aitzaz Ahsan, The Indus Saga and The Making of Pakistan, Karachi,

Royal Book Company, 2003, pp. 339-340.

2- G.M. Bongard-Levin, Mauryan India, New Delhi, Starling Publishers

Private Limited, 1985, p. 319.

Ô(È^Ô÷á{ZhÜÔ @*gõyz0*Îy éyZ£�Zzgf»YZ−+aŠO~Ô 3D7591YÔmm103D992X

4- Richard Symond, The Making of Pakistan, London, Faber and Faber,

1949, p. 20.

5- Jawaharlal Nehru, Glimpses of World History, Bombay, Asia

Publishing House, 1967, p. 423.

39 _____________________________________________________ 0*ÎyÅçÙ@*gõ

6- Ibid., pp. 435-436.

7- Ian Stephen, Pakistan Old Country New Nation, Middlesex, Panguin

Books Ltd., 1964, pp. 83-84.

Ô÷éXÅÔуgÔ7891YÔm442X @*gõ0*Îy ·ZlZrÔ 8DZsX 9D

10- Muhammad Zafrulla Khan, The Agony of Pakistan, Oxford, Kent

Publication, 1974, p. 110.

11- Chaudhri Muhammad Ali, The Emergence of Pakistan, Lahore,

Service Book Club, 1988, p. 267.

12- Ibid., p. 265.

13- Ibid., p. 276.

14- Ibid., p. 276.

15- Ibid., p. 350.

16- Ibid., p. 344.

17- Noor Fatima, Debt Dependence Role of IMF and World Bank in

Pakistan's Economy (1947-1998), Islamabad, Profile Printing, 2012,

p. 40.

m443X Z\ÒWs0*ÎyÔ aŠO~·ZÔ 1D 8âgÃÒÔjZ!‚—Ôm44X 91D·ZlZrÔjZ!‚—Ômm325D225X 02D·ZlZrÔmm725D325X 12D

ÔуgÔ‚îBZ¨Y0*gì’Ô8002YÔm 0*Îy~/ge$ZzgÍgS ¤CÙ»%ZyÔ 22D75X

23- Aysha Jalal, (ed.), The Oxford Companion of Pakistani History,

Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2012, p. 130.

24- Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History, New Delhi, Foundations,

2005, p. 151.

25- Ibid., p. 189.

26- Ibid., p. 212.

27- Stanley Wolpert, Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan His Life and Times,

Karachi, OUP, 1993, pp. 180-181.

C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZÆ',4102YDâga5102Y _____________________________________ 49

28- Mahbobul Haq, Planned Capital Formation in Underdeveloped

Economy. The Case of Pakistan, Michigan Yale University, Ph.D.,

thesis, 1965.

29- Stanley Wolpert, p. 233.

30- Rafi Raza, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Pakistan, 1967-77, Karchi, OUP,

1997, pp. 285-288.

31- Ibid., pp. 277-278.

32. K.M. Arif, Working with Zia: Pakistan Power Politics 1977-1988,

Karachi, OUP, 1996, p. 133-134.

·ZlZrÔjZ!‚—Ôm956X 33DÔjZ!‚—Ôm09X Debt Dependence âgÃÒÔ 43D

ZsÔm49X 53DÆXZ*X¬gsÔjZ!‚—Ôm532X 63DZsÔm632X 73DZsÔm193X 83D

39- Benazir Bhutto, Daughter of the East An Autobiography, London,

Hamish Hamilton, 1988, p. 276.

40- Muhammad Ali Shaikh, Benazir Bhutto A Political Biography,

Karachi, Orient Books Publishing House, 2000, . 133.

ZsÔm551X 14D42- Sadiq Jafri, Benazir Bhutto on Trial, Lahore, Jang Publishers, 1993,

pp. 262-264.

43- Mushtaq Ahmad, Sharif Politics of Business, Karachi, Royal Book

Company, 2001, p. 119.

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1X 34 ZsÔm 64D1X 64 ZsÔm 74D1X 74 ZsÔm 84D

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59 _____________________________________________________ 0*ÎyÅçÙ@*gõ

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52- Aysha Jalal (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Pakistan History,

Karachi, OUP, 2012, p. 470.

53- Shireen Mazari, The Kargil Conflict 1999, Islamabad, Institute of

Strategic Studies, 2003, p. 106.

54- Pervez Musharraf, In the Line of Fire: A Memoir, London, Simon

and Schuster, 2006, p. 167.

6,zm,æsÔZsÔm541X 55DZsÔmm781D291X 65DZsÔmm223D323X 75D

C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZÆ',4102YDâga5102Y _____________________________________ 69