• INTRODUCTION• WHAT IS 4G?• EVOLUTION OF 4G• EVOLUTION OF PROCESSORS AND DSP TECHNOLOGY

FOR 4G• WHICH COUNTRIES HAVE 4G?• INFRASTRUCTURE FOR 4G• 4G EVOLUTION INTO CONVERGENCE• WiMax• WIRELINE BANDWIDTH DEMAND PROJECTION FOR NEXT

25 YEARS• 4G IN INDIA?

• 4G, the successor of 3G, will soon become the standard for cellular wireless

• The technology is currently available in some countries but it is still being perfected

• The aim is to achieve “ultra broadband speed” – to be counted in gigabytes per second

• ITU designed 4G in 2002 with the official name “3G Long-Term Evolutions” or 3.9G

• Will allow users to download a full-length feature film within five minutes

• Will also be able to stream high-definition television and radio to hand-held devices

• The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality

• The highest download and upload speed in 3G are 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps respectively

• In 4G the download speed is up to 100 Mbps for moving users and 1 Gbps for stationary users

• 4G is adoption of packet switching instead of circuit switching in voice and video calls

• With packet switching, resources are only used when there is information to be sent across

• 4G uses spiral multiplexing

• The first commercial deployment was by Telia Sonera and NetCom

• Telia Sonera branded the network “4G”

• The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710)

• The network infrastructure were created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)

• Except for the Scandinavian countries, a few countries have started the 4G commercially

• In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the service last year

• Countries expected to launch 4G by this year are Germany, Spain, China, Japan and England

• There are three primary technologies that support 4G – WiMax, LTE, and UMB

• The main doubt is whether to implement WiMax or LTE

• The advantages of LTE are:(i) Faster speed with 100 Mbps for download and 50 Mbps for upload(ii) It makes CDMA and GSM database moot(iii) It offers both FDD and TDD duplexing

• WiMax technology might not achieve the required rate in a high-density area

• However, WiMax technology becomes useful when it is bundled with IPTV

• The wireless bandwidth will be roughly 3Mbps/1.5Mbps; but this is nowhere near the +100Mbps/50Mbps that LTE promises

• Has already begun the process of introducing 4G

• India is among the latecomers in 3G• It is felt that by the time to implement 3G fully,

4G technologies such as LTE will be available commercially

• It has taken three years for the government to decide on 3G-spectrum auction policy

• 4G could face the same delay unless India wants to catch up with the rest of the world