4 First Aid BFP

7/30/2019 4 First Aid BFP

1/52

FIRST AID


2/52

THE GOOD SAMARITAN

Luke 10:30-37

I shall pass through this life but

once. Any good, therefore, that I can

do Or any kindness I can show Letme not deter it, Let me do it now,

For I shall not pass this way again,

- R.W. Emerson


3/52

What is FIRST AID?

Is the immediate care given to a

suddenly ill or injured person.

It does not take the place of definitive

medical treatment by limits itself to

providing temporary assistance until

competent medical care is obtained oruntil the chance for recovery without

medical care is ensured.


4/52

LAY RESCUER

A first aider whose primary role is toidentify and give first aid for a life or

non-life threatening condition until

medical helps arrives.


5/52

THE AIM OF FIRST AID

TO PRESERVE LIFE.

TO LIMIT THE EFFECTS OF THE

CONDITION.

TO PROMOTE RECOVERY.


6/52

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FIRST AIDER

To assess a situation quickly and

safely and summon appropriate help.

To identify, as far as possible, the

injury or the nature of the illness

affecting a casualty.

To give early, appropriate and

adequate treatment in a sensible

order of priority.


7/52

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FIRST AIDER

To arrange for the removal of the

casualty to the hospital, to care of a

doctor or home.

To remain with the casualty until

handling him over to the care of an

appropriate person.

To make and pass report, and give

further help if required.


8/52

CERTAIN ASPECTS TO CONSIDER

BEFORE A FIRST AIDER ACTS

BE REALISTIC.

KNOW YOURSELF. KNOW THE FACTS.

BE PREPARED.

GATHER YOUR SUPPLIES.


9/52

DURING AN EMERGENCY

REMAIN CALM. USE COMMON SENSE.

BE RESOURCEFUL. KEEP EVALUATING THE RISKS.

DO NO FURTHER HARM.


10/52

AT THE SCENE OF AN EMERGENCY

MAKE SURE THE SCENE IS SAFE. DETERMINE HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE

INVOLVED.

TRY TO DETERMINE WHAT HAPPENED.

ASK BYSTANDERS TO HELP.


11/52

ROLES OF FIRST AID

1. IT IS A BRIDGE THAT FILLS THE GAPBETWEEN THE VICTIM AND THE

PHYSICIAN.

2. IT ENDS WHEN THE SERVICE OF THE

PHYSICIAN BEGINS.

3. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO COMPETEWITH THE TREATMENT DONE BY THE

PHYSICIAN.


12/52

BURNS

Injuries caused by exposure toexcessive heat from thermal,

chemical, electrical or radiation.


13/52

CAUSES OF BURNS

THERMAL CHEMICAL

ELECTRICAL

RADIANT


14/52

CLASSIFICATION BY DEPTH

Superficial (First-Degree)

Partial Thickness (Second-Degree)

Full Thickness (Third-Degree)


15/52

BURN SEVERITY

Minor Burns Moderate Burns

Critical Burns

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Source of the burn Body regions burned

Other complicating factors


16/52

Pre Hospital Treatment for Burns

Use universal precautions, securethe scene and alert EMS.

Stop the burning

Remove any smoldering clothing and

jewelry.

Perform initial assessment.


17/52

Pre Hospital Treatment for Burns

Administer oxygen per localprotocol.

Determine severity of burns using

rule of nines.

Cover the burns.

Keep patient warm and treat for

shock.


18/52

INHALATION INJURY

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Respiratory distress

Hoarseness, cough, or difficultyspeaking

Restricted chest movement Cyanosis


19/52

INHALATION INJURY

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Singed nasal hair

Burns to the face

Specks of soot in the sputum

Sooty or smoky smell on thebreath


20/52

Pre Hospital Treatment for

Inhalation Injury

ADMINISTER OXYGEN PER LOCAL

PROTOCOL

MONITOR PATIENTS AIRWAY AND

BREATHING

BE PREPARED TO VENTILATE


21/52


22/52

CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION(CPR)


23/52

CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION (CPR)

To provide CPR you must maintain

an open airway, provide artificial

ventilation and provide artificialcirculation by means of chest

compression.


24/52

STEPS PRECEEDING CPR

1) Establish unresponsiveness

2) Activate the EMS system

3) Check ABC

Airway

check for open airway

Breathing

use look, listen and feel method to assess

respiration

Circulation

check pulse


25/52

A. CPR Chest Compression for Adults

1) POSITION THE PATIENT.2) EXPOSE THE PATIENTS CHEST.

3) GET IN POSITION.

4) LOCATE THE COMPRESSION SITE.

5) POSITION YOUR HANDS.

6) POSITION YOUR SHOULDERS.

7) PERFORM CHEST COMPRESSIONS.


26/52

ADULT CPR SUMMARY 9 YEARS AND OLDER

Compression depth: 1 to 2inches

Compression rate: 100 per minute

Each ventilation: normal breath

Pulse location: carotid artery


27/52

Rescue breaths : normal breaths

given over 1 second until chest

rises (about 10-12 min)

One-rescuer cycle: 30

compression, 2 breaths

Two-rescuer cycle: 30compressions, 2 breaths

ADULT CPR SUMMARY 9 YEARS AND OLDER


28/52

B. CPR CHEST COMPRESSIONS

FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN

POSITION THE PATIENT.

LOCATE THE COMPRESSION SITE.

PERFORM CHEST COMPRESSIONS.

C C S 8 S O G


29/52

CHILD CPR SUMMARY 1-8 YEARS OF AGE

Compression depth: 1/3 to 1/2total chest depth

Compression rate: 100 per

minute

Each ventilation: normal breath

Pulse location: carotid artery

CHILD CPR SUMMARY 1 8 YEARS OF AGE


30/52

CHILD CPR SUMMARY 1-8 YEARS OF AGE

Rescue breaths: 1 normal breath

every 5 seconds (about 12-20 min)

One-rescuer cycle: 30

compressions, 2 breaths

Two-rescuer cycle: 15

compressions, 2 breaths

INFANT CPR SUMMARY 1 YEAR OLD


31/52

INFANT CPR SUMMARY 1 YEAR OLD

AND UNDER

Rescue breaths: 1 puff every 3

seconds (about 12-20/min)

One-rescuer cycle: 30compressions, 2 breaths

Two-rescuer cycle: 15compressions, 2 breaths


32/52

ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR

NEWBORN CPR

1. LOCATE COMPRESSION SITE.

2. PERFORM COMPRESSIONS.

3. REASSESS RESPIRATIONS, HEART RATEAND COLOR (ABOUT EVERY 30 SECONDS).


33/52

TABLE OF CPR SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION ADULT CHILD INFANT

CompressionDepth

1 - 2 totalchest depth

1 -2 total chestdepth

1/3-1/2 totalchest depth

Cycle 30

compressions,2 breaths

2-Rescuers:same

30compressions,

2 breaths2-Rescuers:

15 compressions, 2breaths

30 compressions,

2 breaths2-Rescuers:

15 compressions,2 breaths

RescueBreathing

1 breath every 5sec (10-12/min) 1 breath every5 sec

(10-12/min)

1 breath every3 sec

(12-20/min)


34/52

FOREIGN BODY AIRWAYOBSTRUCTION

A foreign body airway obstruction(FBAO) is a true emergency. It mustbe cleared from the airway before

the patient can breathe and beforeyou give artificial ventilation.


35/52

THE COMMON CAUSES OF FBAO ARE:

TONGUE (most common in unresponsivepatients)

FOOD (most common in responsive patients)

EPIGLOTTIS

FOREIGN BODY

TISSUE DAMAGE ILLNESS


36/52

TWO TYPES OF FBAO

A. PARTIAL OR MILD- an object in the throat that does not totally

block breathing

B. COMPLETE patient is unable to speak, breathe or cough.

Movement of air will be absent.

exhibits the universal sign of choking

UNIVERSAL SIGNAL


37/52

UNIVERSAL SIGNAL

MANAGING OF FBAO


38/52

MANAGING OF FBAO

I. Responsive Adult/Child1) Get in position

2) Position your hands3) Perform the abdominal thrust

4) Repeat thrust

MANAGING OF FBAO


39/52

II. If Patient Becomes Unconscious

1) Assist the patient to supine position andactivate EMS.

2) Attempt to ventilate the patient3) Reposition the head and try to ventilate

again.

4) Begin CPR

5) Look in the patients airway

MANAGING OF FBAO

MANAGING OF FBAO


40/52

III. UNRESPONSIVE ADULT/CHILD

- Same procedure with patient becomingunconscious.

IV. CONSCIOUS INFANTS

1. Verify complete airway obstruction.2. Position the infant.

3. Deliver 5 back blows.

4. Position the infant face-up.5. Deliver 5 chest thrusts.

6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 steps.

MANAGING OF FBAO

MANAGING OF FBAO


41/52

V. INFANT BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS

1. Activate EMS.

2. Position the infant.

3. Attempt to ventilate .4. Reposition the infants head.

5. Deliver 5 back blows.

MANAGING OF FBAO

MANAGING OF FBAO


42/52

V. INFANT BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS

6. Deliver 5 chest thrusts.

7. Look in the infants mouth.

8. Repeat the procedures.9. Check the infant for breathing andcirculation/Begin infant CPR.

10. Place infant in the recover position.

MANAGING OF FBAO


43/52

DEFINITION:

A. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES commonly referred to as wounds, are injuries tothe skin, muscle, nerves and blood vessels.

B. Closed wounds injury to the soft tissues beneath unbroken skin.

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

(WOUNDS)


44/52

HOW TO RECOGNIZE CLOSED

WOUNDS

SWELLING

TENDERNESS

DISCOLORATION

POSSIBLE DEFORMITY

Pre Hospital Treatment for Closed Wounds


45/52

Pre-Hospital Treatment for Closed Wounds

USE PROPER PPE AND ENSURE SCENE SAFETY.

1) Apply PRICES method: position, rest, ice,

compress elevate, splinting.

2) Monitor the patient for any rapid changes

in vital signs that might indicate internal

bleeding, which should be treated by a

physician.

3) Treat for shock.

4) Transport the patient as soon as possible.


46/52

OPEN WOUND- a soft tissue injury resulting in breaking of the skin.

Types of Open Wounds:Scratches and abrasionsLacerations regular and irregular

Penetration, puncture and gunshot wounds

AvulsionsAmputations

Crushing injury (may be open or closed)

Impaled object

PRE HOSPITAL TREATMENT FOR OPEN WOUNDS


47/52

PRE-HOSPITAL TREATMENT FOR OPEN WOUNDS

1. EXPOSE THE WOUND

Remove all the clothing and expose soft

tissue. Avoid removing clothing by pulling it

over the patients head. Best method is to

remove the clothing by cutting with traumascissors.

2. CONTROL BLEEDING

Begin with direct pressure or indirectpressure and elevation. If wound continues

to bleed use a pressure point. Use a

torniquet only as last resort.

PRE HOSPITAL TREATMENT FOR OPEN WOUNDS


48/52

PRE-HOSPITAL TREATMENT FOR OPEN WOUNDS

3. PREVENT CONTAMINATION

Remove debris and contamination around thesurface of the wound. Do not try to remove

embedded particles.

4. DRESS AND BANDAGEUse a sterile dressing and secure with a bandage

to cover the wound.

5. COVER THE PATIENT

6. TREAT FOR SHOCK

7. TRANSPORT THE PATIENT AS SOON AS

POSSIBLE


49/52

DRESSING AND BANDAGESDefinition:

DRESSING: any material used to cover a woundthat helps control bleeding and aids in theprevention of additional contamination.

BANDAGE: any material used to hold a dressing

in place.

DRESSING AND BANDAGES


50/52

OCCLUSIVE DRESSING: any water-resistant

material ( plastic or waxed paper) applied to

a wound to prevent the entrance of air and

the loss of moisture from internal organs.

BULKY DRESSING: multiple stacked dressings

made to form a single dressing 2-3 cm thick,

such as thick sanitary towel or any similarmaterial.

DRESSING AND BANDAGES

APPLYING DRESSINGS AND BANDAGES


51/52

APPLYING DRESSINGS AND BANDAGES

Control bleeding

Apply the dressing using the aseptic technique. Cover the wounds completely.

Ensure that the dressing and the bandage are

firm, fixed and comfortable, but not so tight asto affect circulation.

Ensure there are no loose ends that can get

caught. Avoid covering the fingertips.


52/52

THANK YOU!

Documents

4 First Aid BFP