4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode

8/11/2019 4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode

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TITLE

Prepared by:

PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION

4.1 Hazard Identification, Risk

Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC)


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Learning Objectives

To define what is

hazard, risk and

danger.

To assess the hazard

identification, risk

assessment and risk

control process.

To describe the

method of identifying

hazard.

To construct the risk

assessment matrix.


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Hazard: A source or a situation with a potential

for harm in terms of human injury or ill

health, damage to property, damage to the

environment or a combination of these.

Danger: Relative exposure to hazard

Definitions


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Risk: A combination of the likelihood of an

occurrence of a hazardous event with specified

period or in specified circumstances and theseverity of injury or damage to the health of

people, property, environment or any combination

of these caused by the event.

Definitions


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Gives organisations a more effective way of managing

hazards Requirement of the law e.g.

OSHA 1994, CIMAH Regulations 1996 & USECHH Regulations

2000 Requirement of OSH management system

standards:

MS 1722:2003,

OHSAS 18001 and

ISO 14001, etc.

Why Carry Out Risk Assessment?


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Routine and non-routine activities including

emergencies;

Activities of all personnel having access to the workplace

(including subcontractors and visitors);

Facilities at the workplace, whether provided-by the

organization or others.

Risk Assessment Should Be Carried Out

For:


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Before Operation

During Operation

After Operation

When To Carry Out Risk Assessment


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Types of review: initial review, and

periodic review.

When To Review Risk Assessment


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Person or persons trained to identify hazard and

risk assessment

In some cases legally competent person, example : Chemical

Health Risk Assessor

Consultation with and involvement of workers Safety and health committee OR workers and their

representatives

Involvement of supervisors

Who Will Carry Out Risk Assessment


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Hazard Identification

Risk Assessment

Risk Control

Review

Basic Components Of Risk Management


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Hazard Identification


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Man Unsafe acts

Machinery Installation, layout and design of equipment

Materials Substances such as chemicals and gases use inthe workplace

Method The way people carry out their work

Media Workplace condition i.e. air quality, ventilation,lighting, noise, vibration etc.

Sources Of Hazards


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Classificationof Hazards

Example of Potential Sources ofHazards

Mechanical Pinch points, sharp points and edges,overload or force a tool beyond itscapabilities and grinding wheel without

guardElectrical Electrical cord insulation damaged,

electrical face plate or cover broken ormissing and fan cord insulation pulled

looseBiological Exposed to airborne and blood borneviruses, bacteria and fungus

Classification & Potential Sources Of

Hazards


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Classificationof Hazards

Example of Potential Sources ofHazards

Chemical Exposed to carcinogens chemicals,sensitizers and corrosive chemicals.

Ergonomics Repeated exposure to unnaturalpostures and unnatural movement,wrong design of workstation, tools and

task.Psychological Stress, sexual harassment and violent atwork.

Classification & Potential Sources Of

Hazards


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Information on the facilities, processes and

activities of the organization, including:

Area Map

Site plan(s); own and neighbor Process flow-charts

Inventory of materials (raw materials, chemicals,

wastes, products, sub-products) Toxicology and other health and safety data

Monitoring data

Pre-Assessment : Information Gathering


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Geographical areas within/outside the premises;

Stages in a production process, or in the

provision of a service;

Defined the tasks (e.g. driving, window cleaning); Identify the working groups;

Land use; previous property use, future use.

Pre-Assessment : Classifying Work

Activities


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Review of documents and publications

Inspection and observation at the workplace

Measurement of the atmosphere, monitoring

the environment or medical surveillance of

workers

Hazard Analysis

Methods Of Identifying Hazards


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Reports of accidents, accident investigation and

audits

Information from publications Acts, Regulations and Codes of Practice

Statistics

Handbooks

Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS)

Document Review


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Types of inspections: statutory inspection, periodic

inspection, formal and informal inspection

Documentation - Checklist and inspection worksheet

(standard approach and record)

Inspection & Observation


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Activities - to involve supervisors, managers and

employees

Inspection outcome - to include actions and

timeframes

Ensure follow up on action - to ensure effectiveness

Inspection & Observation


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Biological monitoring is a regular measuring activity

where selected validated indicators of the uptake of

toxic substances in the human body are determined

in order to prevent health impairment.

This form of monitoring could entail examination of, for

example, blood, urine, saliva and expired air.

Biological Monitoring


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Biological monitoring commonly features in the

health or medical surveillance of persons exposedto hazardous environments especially complying to

legal requirement i.e. USECHH Regulations 2000 etc.

Biological Monitoring


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Health Surveillance is Warranted if:

Substance is used in workplace

Substance is hazardous

Evidence or reason to suspect injury

Atmospheric monitoring insufficient

Medical Surveillance


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Method use: (example)

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Hazards and Operability Studies (HAZOP)

Fault Tree Analysis etc.

Hazards Analysis


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Job described in less than 10 steps

Action verb used to describe job

List things that can go wrong



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Note:

The term JSA includes the formulation ofsafe work procedures using writteninstructions for workers

May still require other risk controls

Supervisor and workers assist

Ideally all jobs should have a JSA



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To identify and evaluate safety hazard in the

process plant

To identify operability problems

New design or process

Multidisciplinary brainstorming

What If questionnaire method

Focus on fire, explosion, toxic release etc.

Hazards & Operability Studies (HAZOP)


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To analyse how and why incident could occur.

Graphic technique - traces branches of events.

To calculate probability of end event.

Example: Water pumping system

Fault Tree Analysis


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Pump failure (A) Pump failure (B)(automatic

standby pump)

Pump failure Control valve (C)failure to regulate

flow of water throughpump

No Flow (T)

No water flow occurs if both pumps fail or if the control valve fails.If the individual initiating event probabilities P(A), P(B), and P(C) are known,then the probability of P(T) the top or end event can be calculated.

Fault Tree Analysis


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Risk Assessment


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Approach:

Qualitative Risk Assessment

Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment

Quantitative Risk Assessment

Types of Risk Assessment


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Severity in terms of:

Harm to health

Damage to property

Damage to environment

Or the combination of the above

Determining Severity


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Determine severity categories i.e.:

Fatality

Major injuries (normally irreversible injury ordamage to health)

Minor injuries (normally reversible injury ordamage to health requiring days off work)

Negligible injuries (first aid)

Severity

D t i i Lik lih d f O


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Based on statistic & data, professional judgement.

Determine likelihood categories i.e.:

highly likely,

likely,

highly unlikely.

Determining Likelihood of Occurrences

of Hazard


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Very likely - could happen frequently

Likely - could happen occasionally

Unlikely - could happen, but only rarely

Highly unlikely - could happen, but probablynever will

Likelihood


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Severity

Likelihood

Very Likely(4) Likely (3) Unlikely(2)Highly

Unlikely(1)

Fatality(4) High-16 High-12 High-8 Medium-4

Major Injuries(3) High-12 High-9 Medium-6 Medium-3

Minor Injuries(2) High-8 Medium-6 Medium-4 Low-2

NegligibleInjuries(1) Medium-4 Medium-3 Low-2 Low-1

Qualitative Risk Table


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Determine severity categories i.e. :

4: Fatality & Permanent Disability

3: More than 4 days MC

2: Less than or 4 days MC

1: First aid and near misses

Semi Quantitative Risk Assessment


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Determining Likelihood of Occurrence ofHazard

4: Daily

3: Weekly

2: Monthly

1: Yearly



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LIKELIHOOD

SE

VERIT

Y

Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily

1 2 3 4

First Aid

and NearMisses 1 1 2 3 4

Less thanor 4 days

MC2 2 4 6 8

More than4 days MC 3 3 6 9 12

Fatality &PermanentDisability

4 4 8 12 16



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Where the hazards presented by the undertaking are

numerous and complex, and may involve novel

processes, for example in the case of large chemicals

process plants, detailed and sophisticated risk

assessments will be needed, and it is appropriate to carryout a detailed quantitative risk assessment.



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In carrying out quantitative risk assessments, special

quantitative tools and techniques will be used for

hazard identification, and to estimate the severity of the

consequences and the likelihood of realisation of thehazards.



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Where such methods and techniques are used it is

important that they are carried out by suitably qualifiedand experience assessors.



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Activities / process /

facilities/ equipmentHazard Effect

Current Risk

Control

Legal

Reqmt

RiskAction &

RecommendationsSeverity. LikelihoodRisk

Rating

Kimpalan arka

1. Radiasi Pedih mata,

berair, berpasir Face shieldFMA,

OSHA2 3 6

PPE-goggles, eye

wash station, job

rotation2. Fumes Pernafasan

terganggu -FMA,

OSHA2 3 6

Exhaust fan,

respirator, job

rotation

3. Spark Melecur kulit,

pakaian

terbakar

Gloves,

overall, kasut

FMA,

OSHA2 3 6

Overall tahan api,

glove berkualiti, fire

extinguisher,

emergency shower

Risk Assessment Form


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Risk Control


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SubstitutionModify processEnclosureLocal exhaustFugitiveemission control

Isolation

HousekeepingGeneralventilationContinuous areamonitoringDilutionventilationAutomation orremote control

Training andeducation

Worker rotationEnclosure ofworkerPersonalmonitoring

Personalprotective devices

Principle of Control


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Consideration In Implementing Risk


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Consider the current state of knowledge

Include information or reports from organizations

such as:

DOSH, OSH services, and others.

p g

Control


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The basis of OSH management is the identification of

hazard, risk assessment and control

Ways of identifying hazards varies from inspection of

the workplace to reviewing legislation

Risk assessment allows an organisation to build a

sound basis for managing hazard

Hierarchy of hazard control starts by elimination; use

PPE as protection is the last resort

Summary

Documents

4 2 Hirarc Compatibility Mode