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4-3 5.Describe and illustrate the computation and use of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA). Learning Goals
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4-1
Accounting Information Systems
Chapter 4
Electronic Presentation by Douglas Cloud
Pepperdine University
4-2
1. Describe the nature of business information systems.
2. Describe the nature of accounting information systems.
3. Describe and illustrate the basic elements of transaction processing systems.
4. Describe and illustrate the basic elements of a financial reporting system.
Learning GoalsLearning Goals
After studying this After studying this chapter, you should chapter, you should
be able to:be able to:
ContinuedContinued
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5. Describe and illustrate the computation and use of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA).
Learning GoalsLearning Goals
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1Learning GoalLearning Goal
Describe the nature of business information systems.
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A business information system
collects and processes data and distributes
information to users.
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Business Information SystemBusiness Information System
Data Sources Data Collection
Data Processing
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Business Information SystemBusiness Information System
Information Users
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Describe the nature of accounting information systems.2
Learning GoalLearning Goal
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An accounting information system processes financial
and operating data into reports useful to internal and
external stakeholders.
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Accounting Information SystemAccounting Information System
Financial and Operational Data
ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Management Reporting SystemTransaction Processing System
Financial Reporting System
Stakeholders StakeholdersStakeholders
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Accounting Information SystemAccounting Information System
The management reporting system provides internal
information to assist managers in making
decisions.
The transaction processing system
records and summarizes the effects
of financial transactions on a
business.
The financial reporting system
produces financial statements and other reports for external
stakeholders.
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Describe and illustrate the basic elements of transaction processing systems.3
Learning GoalLearning Goal
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The AccountThe Account
The account has a title.The account has a title.
Cash
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The AccountThe Account
The left side of the account is the The left side of the account is the debit debit side.side.
CashLeft side
debit
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The AccountThe Account
The right side of the account is the The right side of the account is the credit credit side.side.
CashLeft side
debitRight side
credit
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The AccountThe Account
Cash3,7504,3002,900
8501,400
7002,9001,000
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The AccountThe Account
Cash3,7504,3002,900
8501,400
7002,9001,000
10,950
First, foot the debit side.
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The AccountThe Account
Cash3,7504,3002,900
8501,400
7002,9001,000
10,950
Next, foot thecredit side.
6,850
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The AccountThe Account
Cash3,7504,3002,900
8501,400
7002,9001,000
10,950
6,850
Subtract total credits from total debits to obtain the account
balance.
4,100
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Rules of Debits and Credits
Luca PacioliDeveloper ofDouble-EntryAccounting
Scale or Balance
ReceiveDEBIT
GiveCREDIT
T account
Left SideReceiveDEBIT
Right SideGive
CREDIT
Assets
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T account
Left Side
DEBIT
Right Side
CREDIT
Stockholders’ EquityCapital Stock/Retained
Earnings
Rules of Debits and Credits
T account
Left Side
DEBIT
Right Side
CREDIT
Liabilities
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T account
Left Side
DEBIT
Right Side
CREDIT
Revenues
Rules of Debits and Credits
T account
Left Side
DEBIT
Right Side
CREDIT
Dividends
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Rules of Debits and Credits
T account
Left Side
DEBIT
Right Side
CREDIT
Expenses
The normal balance is on the increase side of
an account.
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The Journal
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Post. Ref.
JOURNAL
Date Description Debit Credit
Page 1
Nov. 12004
Cash 25 000 00
Capital Stock 25 000 00
On November 1, 2004, Shannon Hughes On November 1, 2004, Shannon Hughes deposits $25,000 in a bank account in deposits $25,000 in a bank account in
the name of Online Solutions.the name of Online Solutions.
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On November 5, Online Solutions On November 5, Online Solutions bought land for $20,000, paying cash.bought land for $20,000, paying cash.
5 Land 20 000 00
Cash 20 000 00
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On November 10, Online Solutions On November 10, Online Solutions purchased supplies on account for $1,350.purchased supplies on account for $1,350.
10 Supplies 1 350 00
Accounts Payable 1 350 00
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On November 18, Online Solutions On November 18, Online Solutions received fees of $7,500 from received fees of $7,500 from
customers for services provided.customers for services provided.
18 Cash 7 500 00
Fees Earned 7 500 00
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Throughout the month, Online Solutions Throughout the month, Online Solutions incurred the following expenses that were incurred the following expenses that were paid in cash: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; paid in cash: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275. utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.
30 Wages Expense 2 125 00
Rent Expense 800 00
Utilities Expense 450 00
Miscellaneous Expense 275 00
Cash 3 650 00
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On December 30, Online On December 30, Online Solutions paid creditors on Solutions paid creditors on
account, $950. account, $950.
30 Accounts Payable 950 00
Cash 950 00
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Online Solutions paid Online Solutions paid stockholder (Shannon Hughes) stockholder (Shannon Hughes)
a dividend of $2,000.a dividend of $2,000.
30 Dividends 2 000 00
Cash 2 000 00
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You should have noted that in every entry the sum of the
debits always equaled the sum of the credits.
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Posting to a LedgerPosting to a Ledger
Post. Ref.
JOURNAL
Date Description Debit Credit
Page 1
Nov. 12004
Cash 25 000 00
Capital Stock 25 000 00
CASH CAPITAL STOCK25,000Nov. 1 25,000Nov. 1
11 31
1131
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Ledger for Online SolutionsLedger for Online Solutions——NovemberNovemberCash
Nov. 1 25,000 Nov. 5 25,000
Rent ExpenseNov. 30 800
18 7,500
SuppliesNov. 10 1,350
Utilities ExpenseNov. 30 450
Miscellaneous ExpenseNov. 30 275
30 3,65030 96030 2,000
30 Bal. 5,900
LandNov. 5 20,000
Accounts PayableNov. 30 950 Nov. 10 1,350
30 Bal. 400Capital Stock
Nov. 1 25,000
DividendsNov. 30 2,000
Wages ExpenseNov. 30 2,125
Fees EarnedNov. 18 7,500
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Online SolutionsTrial BalanceNovember 30, 2004
Cash 5,900Supplies 1,350Land 20,000Accounts Payable 400Capital Stock 25,000Dividends 2,000Fees Earned 7,500Wages Expense 2,125Rent Expense 800Utilities Expense 450Miscellaneous Expense 275
32,900 32,900
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Describe and illustrate the basic elements of a financial reporting system.
4Learning GoalLearning Goal
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On December 1, paid a premium of $2,400 On December 1, paid a premium of $2,400 for a comprehensive insurance policy for a comprehensive insurance policy covering liability, theft, and fire. The covering liability, theft, and fire. The
policy covers a two year period.policy covers a two year period.
Dec. 1 Prepaid Insurance 2,400Cash 2,400
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On December 1, paid rent for December, On December 1, paid rent for December, $800. The company from which Online $800. The company from which Online Solutions is renting its store space now Solutions is renting its store space now
requires the payment of rent on the first of requires the payment of rent on the first of each month rather than the end of the month.each month rather than the end of the month.
Dec. 1 Rent Expense 800Cash 800
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On December 1, received an offer from a local retailer On December 1, received an offer from a local retailer to rent the land purchased on November 5. The retailer to rent the land purchased on November 5. The retailer plans to use the land as a parking lot for its employees plans to use the land as a parking lot for its employees
and customers. Online Solutions agreed to rent the and customers. Online Solutions agreed to rent the land to the retailer for three months, with rent payable land to the retailer for three months, with rent payable in advance. Online Solutions received $360 for three in advance. Online Solutions received $360 for three
months’ rent beginning December 1.months’ rent beginning December 1.
Dec. 1 Cash 360Unearned Rent 360
This account is a liability!
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On December 4, purchased office On December 4, purchased office equipment on account from Executive equipment on account from Executive
Supply Co. for $1,800.Supply Co. for $1,800.
Dec. 4 Office Equipment 1,800Accounts Payable 1,800
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On December 6, paid $180 for a On December 6, paid $180 for a newspaper advertisement.newspaper advertisement.
Dec. 6 Miscellaneous Expense 180Cash 180
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On December 11, paid On December 11, paid creditors, $400.creditors, $400.
Dec. 11 Accounts Payable 400Cash 400
On December 13, paid a receptionist and a part-On December 13, paid a receptionist and a part-time assistant $950 for two week’s wages.time assistant $950 for two week’s wages.
Dec. 13 Wages Expense 950Cash 950
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On December 16, received $3,100 from fees On December 16, received $3,100 from fees earned for the first half of December.earned for the first half of December.
Dec. 16 Cash 3,100Fees Earned 3,100
On December 16, earned fees on account On December 16, earned fees on account totaling $1,750 for the first half of December.totaling $1,750 for the first half of December.
Dec. 16 Accounts Receivable 1,750Fees Earned 1,750
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On December 20, paid $1,800 to Executive On December 20, paid $1,800 to Executive Supply Co. on the debt owed from the Supply Co. on the debt owed from the
December 4 transaction.December 4 transaction.
Dec. 20 Accounts Payable 1,800Cash 1,800
On December 21, received $650 from On December 21, received $650 from customers in payment of their accounts.customers in payment of their accounts.
Dec. 21 Cash 650Accounts Receivable 650
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On December 23, purchased $1,450 of On December 23, purchased $1,450 of supplies by paying $550 cash and charging supplies by paying $550 cash and charging
the remainder of account.the remainder of account.
Dec. 23 Supplies 1,450Cash 550Accounts Payable 900
On December 27, paid the receptionist and the On December 27, paid the receptionist and the part-time assistant $1,200 for two weeks’ wagespart-time assistant $1,200 for two weeks’ wages
Dec. 27 Wages Expense 1,200Cash 1,200
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On December 31, paid $310 On December 31, paid $310 telephone bill for the month.telephone bill for the month.
Dec. 31 Utilities Expense 310Cash 310
On December 31, paid $225 On December 31, paid $225 electric bill for the month.electric bill for the month.
Dec. 31 Utilities Expense 225Cash 225
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On December 31, received $2,870 from fees On December 31, received $2,870 from fees earned for the second half of December.earned for the second half of December.
Dec. 31 Cash 2,870Fees Earned 2,870
On December 31, earned fees on account totaling On December 31, earned fees on account totaling $1,120 for the second half of December.$1,120 for the second half of December.
Dec. 31 Accounts Receivable 1,120Fees Earned 1,120
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On December 31, paid dividend of $2,000 On December 31, paid dividend of $2,000 to stockholder (Shannon Hughes).to stockholder (Shannon Hughes).
Dec. 31 Dividends 2,000Cash 2,000
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4-50Online Solutions
Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2004
Cash 2,065Accounts Receivable 2,220Supplies 2,800Prepaid Insurance 2,400Office Equipment 1,800Land 20,000Accounts Payable 900Unearned Rent 360Capital Stock 25,000Dividends 4,000Fees Earned 16,340Wages Expense 4,275Rent Expense 1,600Utilities Expense 985Miscellaneous Expense 455
42,600 42,600
4-51Online Solutions
Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2004
Cash 2,065Accounts Receivable 2,220Supplies 2,800Prepaid Insurance 2,400Office Equipment 1,800Land 20,000Accounts Payable 900Unearned Rent 360Capital Stock 25,000Dividends 4,000Fees Earned 16,340Wages Expense 4,275Rent Expense 1,600Utilities Expense 985Miscellaneous Expense 455
42,600 42,600
Some of these supplies have been used. On December 31, a count reveals that $760 of
supplies are on hand.
The Supplies account has a balance of $2,800 on the
December 31 trial balance.
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Supplies on hand at December 31, $760.Supplies on hand at December 31, $760.
Dec. 31 Supplies Expense 2,040Supplies 2,040
Adjusting Entries
$2,800$2,800– – 780780$2,040$2,040
4-53Online Solutions
Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2004
Cash 2,065Accounts Receivable 2,220Supplies 2,800Prepaid Insurance 2,400Office Equipment 1,800Land 20,000Accounts Payable 900Unearned Rent 360Capital Stock 25,000Dividends 4,000Fees Earned 16,340Wages Expense 4,275Rent Expense 1,600Utilities Expense 985Miscellaneous Expense 455
42,600 42,600
Of this prepayment, $100 of it expired during December.
Prepaid Insurance has a balance of $2,400 on the
December 31 trial balance.
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Insurance premiums expired Insurance premiums expired during December, $100.during December, $100.
Dec. 31 Insurance Expense 100Prepaid Insurance 100
Adjusting Entries
4-55Online Solutions
Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2004
Cash 2,065Accounts Receivable 2,220Supplies 2,800Prepaid Insurance 2,400Office Equipment 1,800Land 20,000Accounts Payable 900Unearned Rent 360Capital Stock 25,000Dividends 4,000Fees Earned 16,340Wages Expense 4,275Rent Expense 1,600Utilities Expense 985Miscellaneous Expense 455
42,600 42,600
Unearned Rent has a balance of $360 on the December 31
trial balance.
Of this amount, $120 was earned during December for the
use of the land owned by Online Solutions.
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Unearned rent earned during Unearned rent earned during December, $120.December, $120.
Dec. 31 Unearned Rent 120Rent Revenue 120
Adjusting Entries
The liability The liability is being is being
reduced. reduced. Revenue is Revenue is
being being “recognized.”“recognized.”
4-57Online Solutions
Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2004
Cash 2,065Accounts Receivable 2,220Supplies 2,800Prepaid Insurance 2,400Office Equipment 1,800Land 20,000Accounts Payable 900Unearned Rent 360Capital Stock 25,000Dividends 4,000Fees Earned 16,340Wages Expense 4,275Rent Expense 1,600Utilities Expense 985Miscellaneous Expense 455
42,600 42,600
Wages Expense does not reflect that $250 is owed to the
employees at December 31.
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Wages accrued, but not paid at Wages accrued, but not paid at December 31, $250.December 31, $250.
Dec. 31 Wages Expense 250Wages Payable 250
Adjusting Entries
An additional An additional expense is expense is recorded.recorded.
The books now show The books now show that employees are that employees are
owed $250.owed $250.
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Cash 2,065Accounts Receivable 2,220Supplies 2,800Prepaid Insurance 2,400Office Equipment 1,800Land 20,000Accounts Payable 900Unearned Rent 360Capital Stock 25,000Dividends 4,000Fees Earned 16,340Wages Expense 4,275Rent Expense 1,600Utilities Expense 985Miscellaneous Expense 455
42,600 42,600
Online SolutionsTrial BalanceDecember 31, 2004
The account Fees Earned does not include $500 for revenue that has
not been billed.
Online SolutionsTrial BalanceDecember 31, 2004
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Fees revenue earned, but not Fees revenue earned, but not yet billed, $500.yet billed, $500.
Dec. 31 Accounts Receivable 500Fees Earned 500
Adjusting Entries
To increase To increase the asset.the asset.To increase the To increase the
revenue account.revenue account.
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Depreciation of office equipment Depreciation of office equipment during December, $50.during December, $50.
Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense 50Accumulated Depreciation—Office Equipment 50
Adjusting Entries
Notice that the Notice that the Office Office Equipment Equipment account account
is notis not credited. credited.
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Fees earned $16,840Rent revenue 120
Total revenue $16,960Operating expenses:
Wages expense $ 4,525Supplies expense 2,040Rent expense 1,600Utilities expense 985Insurance expense 100Depreciation expense 50Miscellaneous expense 455 Total operating expenses 9,755
Net income $ 7,205
Online SolutionsIncome Statement
For the Two Months Ended December 31, 2004
All amounts All amounts came from came from
the adjusted the adjusted trial balancetrial balance
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Make a note to yourself to analyze Exhibit 11 in the
textbook and the other statements in Exhibit 12 to understand the source of the different amounts.
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Closing EntriesClosing Entries
Entry 1: Close the revenue accounts to Retained Earnings.
Dec. 31 Fees Earned 16,840Rent Revenue 120
Retained Earnings 16,960
After this entry is posted, all revenue accounts will have zero balances.
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Closing EntriesClosing Entries
Entry 2: Close the expense accounts to Retained Earnings.
Dec. 31 Retained Earnings 9,755Wages Expense 4,525Rent Expense 1,600Depreciation Expense 50Utilities Expense 985Supplies Expense 2,040Insurance Expense 100Miscellaneous Expense 455
After this entry is posted, all expense accounts will have zero balances.
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Closing EntriesClosing Entries
Entry 3: Close the Dividends account to Retained Earnings.
Dec. 31 Retained Earnings 4,000Dividends 4,000
After this entry is posted, the Dividends account will have a zero balance.
4-67
Describe and illustrate the computation and use of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
5Learning GoalLearning Goal
4-68
Let’s do a pro forma computation for Online
Solutions using EBITDA.
Earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation, and amortization.
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Fees earned $16,840Rent revenue 120
Total revenue $16,960Operating expenses:
Wages expense $ 4,525Supplies expense 2,040Rent expense 1,600Utilities expense 985Insurance expense 100Depreciation expense 50Miscellaneous expense 455 Total operating expenses 9,755
Net income $ 7,205
Online SolutionsIncome Statement
For the Two Months Ended December 31, 2004
$ 7,255 9,705
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Because Online Solutions only had a small depreciation and no interest, taxes, or amortization,
there was little impact.
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EBITDA is a rough estimate of operating cash flows that are available to pay interest
and other fixed charges.
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The End
Chapter 4Chapter 4
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