WiMAX RF—cell-by-cellAWS auctions and the spectrum shuffleRRH takes ‘fiber-to-the-tower-top’RFS meets the press

TV Globo Brasil takes a tailored tack

WiMAX RF—cell-by-cellAWS auctions and the spectrum shuffleRRH takes ‘fiber-to-the-tower-top’RFS meets the press

STAY CONNECTEDThe Radio Frequency Systems Bulletin

3RD QUARTER 2006

T h e C l e a r C h o i c e ™

R A D I O F R E Q U E N C Y S Y S T E M S

T h e C l e a r C h o i c e ™

Please visit us at www.rfsworld.com

Radio Frequency Systems has always taken

great pride in being an innovator and leader in

the RF sector—not least in the RF transmission

line market. Our CELLFLEX transmission line

solution bears testament to this leadership—

a brand that is globally recognized as the

benchmark transmission line technology. Yet

change is afoot in this mainstay element of our

industry—a new wave of choice is engulfing

the RF transmission line market.

The reasons behind this revolution are many.

Significant among these are the end-to-end

network performance pressure associated with

third-generation (3G) and 3.5G broadband

wireless data technologies, and the increasing

demand to reduce network capex and opex.

With every element in the cellular link under

performance and cost scrutiny, RFS is evolving

the RF transmission line into new forms to

shoulder the burden.

The coaxial transmission line fulfils a vital role

in the wireless sector. Making the crucial radio

frequency (RF) link between the ground-based

active radio elements and the antenna at the

tower top, it represents the wireless network’s

final hardware link before embarking on the air

interface.

What has really tipped the balance in the

transmission line equation is the performance

demands of broadband wireless data tech-

nologies, such as worldwide interoperability

for microwave access (WiMAX), high-speed

uplink packet access (HSUPA), 3G/long-term

evolution (LTE) and so on. Quite simply, broadband

wireless data technologies are acutely sensitive

to signal-to-noise levels and, as a result, every

decibel (dB) counts.

This has inspired the development of RFS’s

recently launched CELLFLEX ‘A’ Premium

Attenuation transmission line—an entirely new

selection of transmission line solutions that strips

dB losses from the ‘final link’, and adds this to

performance at the tower top. The challenge for

any transmission line manufacturer addressing

this ‘premium performance’ demand is to retain

the mechanical handling integrity of the trans-

mission line, while still achieving significant

line-loss reductions. It is about striking the

optimal balance—that balance is CELLFLEX ‘A’

Premium Attenuation.

Another important factor is the changing needs

of the global wireless market, coupled with the

volatile nature of global commodity markets.

On the one hand, we’ve seen wireless

technology quickly evolve from one that is

exclusively the domain of wealthy countries, to

one that is providing emerging markets with

a means of ‘leap frogging’ communication

evolutionary stages.

Yet the global increase in raw material costs—

notably copper and oil-based products—

impedes such wireless ‘leap frog’ strategies,

particularly in those countries where average

revenue per unit (ARPU) figures are low and

margins tight. Running almost parallel with this

is a need for a new generation of RF products

(including transmission line) that is easier to

handle, quicker to install and physically lighter

and less-demanding on tower and support

structures. This is most particularly the case in

countries where ‘leap frog’ strategies are being

considered as, more often than not, these are the

locations where tower and related civil structures

are often loaded very close to design tolerance.

This has led RFS to explore alternative

transmission line materials, and has resulted

in the exciting new CELLFLEX L-series: an

aluminum-outer/copper-inner transmission line.

Globally launched in mid-2006, CELLFLEX

L-series promises to find wide application the

world over—not just in emerging markets, but

wherever an alternative cost/performance ratio

and ultra-lightweight transmission solution

might be needed. RFS is particularly proud of

CELLFLEX L-series: one of the lightest foam-

dielectric coaxial transmission line solutions on

the market today.

By far the most relentless pressure and cost

associated with wireless networks in the major

city centres such as New York, London and

32 C O N T E N T S

IMPR

INTRadio Frequency Systems

WorldWideWeb: http://www.rfsworld.com

Publisher: Jörg SpringerExecutive Editor/Editor Asia Pacific South:Peter WaltersEditor EMAI: Regine SulingEditor Americas North: Ann PolanskiEditor Americas South: Luciana Del NeroEditor Asia Pacific North: Sammie QianManaging Editor: Allan AldersonProduction Editor: Christian MichatschArt Director: Marilu Krallmann

Authors: Allan Alderson, Prue Gallagher, Dr. Ellen Gregory, Ben Lazzaro, Mary-Therese RizkallaPhotos: RFS archives, Mick Bennett, Getty Images, photo disc, Tony Koopmans, Ann Polanski, SammieQian, Regine Suling, Jaime Yiang, Ulrich Bock FilmCover art: Matthias SchwedtCover image: Tony Koopmans

Print: Print Design, Minden

Layout and Graphics:inform Advertising, Hannover

Editorial Services:Relate Technical Communications, MelbourneOn the cover: RFS’s new purpose-built 611 CP circularly polarized Band I VHF antenna will soon sitatop TV Globo’s brand new corporate headquarters in Almeda Santos, São Paulo.

Trademarks: CELLFLEX®, BDA®, FLEXWELL®, MicroTenna™, Optimizer®, RADIAFLEX®, RadioFrequency Systems®, RFS®, RFS CompactLine®,SlimLine®, RGFLEX® and The Clear Choice™ are trademarks, service marks or registered trademarks of Radio Frequency Systems.

03 EditorialAdding choice to the transmission line mix

4 What’s NewDouble cell size with 1800-MHz booster

W4A ‘WiMAX-ready’ adaptive antenna series

Penetrator takes on 700-MHz public-safety radio

RFS in-line diplexers offer flexibility-plus

CELL-Tape—a colorful solution to a sticky situation

CELLFLEX L-series—world’s firstcorrugated aluminum transmission line

7 Cover StoryTailored antenna solution

for TV Globo São Paulo

8 ViewpointRFS meets the press

10 WiMAXWiMAX RF—cell-by-cell

11 RF Conditioning‘Fiber-to-the-tower-top’ with RFS remote radio head

12 Wireless SolutionsNortel/RFS multi-beam ‘smart’ antennacollaboration

13 Regional FocusTaiwan: an East Asian tiger earns its stripes

16 MicrowaveUS auctions spawn spectrum shuffle

17 Wireless Indoor SolutionsHybrid coverage solution for Shanghai Metro

18 In TouchRFS introduces transmission line surcharge scheme

RFS Doing dialog at BroadcastAsia 2006

SlimLine on Swan Lake

Fourth edition of RFS Products calalog

Dr. Q’s noble prize!

Tailored antenna solution for TV Globo São PauloOne of the world’s largest broadcast groups—TV Globo—opts for a complete tailored VHF and UHF antenna solution from RadioFrequency Systems at its new São Paulo headquarters.

7

RFS meets the pressRadio Frequency Systems’ involvement at theforefront of today’s mobile communicationsand broadcast industries means that a highlevel of media interest simply ‘comes with theterritory’.

8

‘Fiber-to-the-tower-top’with RFS remote radioheadRadio Frequency Systemsunveils a ‘BTS to antenna’fiber-optic solution thatpromises new levels ofnetwork planning flexibilityfor high call-density ininner urban areas.

US auctions spawn spectrum shuffleAs the USA re-allocates microwave backhaulspectrum for 3G advanced wireless services,incumbent carriers needing to relocate willneed flexible radio link solutions that can bedeployed quickly.

10

WiMAX RF—cell-by-cellAs WiMAX evolves into its mobile variant,carriers the world over are welcoming thisimportant new technology. STAY CONNECTEDexplores the RF issues that will ultimatelydefine WiMAX.

PUBLISHER’S NOTE: To celebrate this, our 30th issue of STAY CONNECTED, we have given our magazine asubtle makeover. You’ll notice a greater prominence of RFS’s ‘wave’ logo and ‘wave’ theme, and we’ve alsointroduced a tighter and richer style to the internalpage layouts. We hope you like our new look, andcontinue to enjoy reading STAY CONNECTED.

Adding choice to the transmission line mix

E D I T O R I A L

Stéphane Klajzyngier

Radio Frequency Systems President

11

16

Paris, is the challenge of finding new base

station sites. This is all the more punishing when

considering deployment of entirely new

networks, such as WiMAX, in cities that may

already be concurrently serviced by multiple

layers of 2G and 3G services.

For practical attenuation reasons, the

traditional coaxial transmission line has tended

to ‘tether’ the base transmitter station (BTS) to

within close proximity of the tower top. RFS’s

recent development of the remote radio

head technology (RRH), which incorporates the

traditional passive antenna plus elements of

the base band radio within the antenna body,

effectively ‘untethers’ the BTS from the

antenna. By providing a digital interface at

the tower top, the BTS-to-tower top link can

be run in fiber-optic cable for distances of

many kilometers.

This is the crucial ingredient in permitting the

‘base station hotel’ concept—one where the

BTS is clustered with other BTS in a convenient

location, often many kilometres from the

actual antenna/tower site. RFS’s RRH solution

promises a great deal. The prospective savings in

network planning and site acquisition costs, plus

reduction in network roll-out times, are huge.

While carriers have expressed enthusiasm for

the new transmission line choices offered by

RFS, it is clear that the greatest enthusiasm is not

for any single transmission line technology over

another, but for choice itself. Carriers now

recognize that, in today’s fast-moving wireless

market, what is most crucial is to have a mix of

transmission line technologies on hand.

Quite simply, the provision of a rich mix of RF

solutions permits carriers to more precisely

optimize network performance and maximize

return on investment. Choice in the RF solution

is vital to our customer’s business case, and RFS

is committed to providing and extending this

choice.

Radio Frequency Systems’ new CELL-Tape

weather sealant and marking tape is an innovative

alternative to traditional butyl rubber

sealant tapes. CELL-Tape is made

of self-adhesive silicone that

fuses firmly to produce

UV-protected air- and

water-tight bonds—all

via an ‘easy-on/easy-off’

mess-free application.

With six color options

for easy tower-top

cable identification,

CELL-Tape can elongate

three hundred percent,

stretching tight budgets as

well as delivering tight protection

for the life of the connection.

Used as redundant protection in combination

with RFS’s RAPID FIT cable connectors,

W H A T ’ S N E W 54

Double cel l s ize with 1800- MHz boosterTo support new 1800-MHz global system for

mobile communications (GSM) deployments,

Radio Frequency Systems has developed a compact

and lightweight tower-mounted booster

(BTM184515S) with high power output. Ideal

for extending cell coverage in regions with low

subscriber density—such as major roads, coast-

lines and rural areas—the new booster provides

46-dBm output power, which compensates for

system loss and doubles the size of the cell.

“With this booster, there’s ‘no loss, only gain’,”

said Erik Wille, RFS Area Product Manager for RF

conditioning. “It will suit those carriers with

new 1800-MHz licenses in places

such as Africa, the Middle

East, Russia, Eastern Europe

and Brazil, where there are

large open spaces to cover. By

using boosters, carriers can

deploy fewer base stations, so

ultimately there’s a huge cost-saving

involved.”

The IP66 enclosure-rated RFS 1800-MHz booster

operates at 40 watts, weighs just 16 kilograms,

and is the most compact unit of this power-

rating available. It also features selectable gain

in both uplink and downlink, which facilitates

cell optimization and optimizes handover. “By

amplifying the signal on both uplink and

downlink, signal strength and cell coverage

are dramatically improved,” said Wille. “This

means better quality of service and fewer

dropped calls.”

Designed for tower-mounting to achieve

optimum performance, the booster is used

in conjunction with a power

distribution unit (PDU)

located in the

base station

cabinet. Along

with the booster,

the RFS PDU

(PDU48400D) is

the only system

on the market with an integrated bias-T. This

permits the coaxial cable to transmit DC power

to the booster, streamlining installation by

eliminating the need for a separate power line.

A single PDU can support two boosters for dual-

carrier systems, plus monitor their performance

and activate external base station alarms if

required. Also available from RFS is a booster for

GSM 900-MHz applications (BTM904515S).

One of the world’s first ‘WiMAX-ready’ adaptive

antenna systems has been unveiled by Radio

Frequency Systems. Specially designed to meet

the exacting needs of emerging IEEE 802.16

worldwide interoperability for microwave

access (WiMAX) broadband wireless data

networks, the new RFS W4A series antenna

system features precision beam-pattern shaping.

The new adaptive antenna—which is part of a

broad and growing WiMAX suite of solutions

from RFS—provides network managers with

a powerful tool to ensure optimal data

throughput and a reduction in overall cell-to-cell

interference across the WiMAX network.

“WiMAX technology promises us a new era in

broadband wireless connectivity across fixed,

nomadic and, eventually, mobile platforms,”

said RFS WiMAX Business Development Director,

Martial Guillaume. “It also poses new

challenges on the network management and

RF fronts—most particularly as subscriber

W4A ‘WiMAX-ready’ adapt ive antenna ser ies

RFS in- l ine diplexers offer f lex ibi l i ty-plus

A new in-line variant of Radio Frequency

Systems’ FDGW diplexer series is now available,

offering enhanced flexibility in US personal

communications services (PCS 1900-MHz)/

Cellular (800-MHz) band network overlays. The

new ‘in-line’ variant of the popular FDGW

diplexer series features low- and high-frequency

ports positioned on one side, and the dual-band

port on the other—all in a rugged IP67-rated

housing.

Developed in response to the needs of a North

American ‘Tier 1’ carrier, this practical design

adaptation supports feeder cable sharing

in dual-band ‘806- to 960-MHz/1710- to

2170-MHz’ systems. The in-line diplexer’s

unique polymer coated housing achieves an

IP67 enclosure rating, making it ideal for outdoor

use in any climate. Weighing 1.3 kilograms, it is

ideally suited for pole-mounting.

CELL-Tape—a colorful solut ionto a st icky s i tuat ion

Penetrator takeson 700-MHzpublic-safetyradio

W H A T ’ S N E W

demand increases and greater network capacity

is required. The new W4A series WiMAX

adaptive antenna system specifically addresses

these challenges, by providing the precision

beam-pattern shaping required to dynamically

support the evolving needs of the WiMAX

network.”

Available in 2.5 and 3.5-GHz models (W4A25-

90ANV and W4A35-90ANV), the heart of each

W4A series adaptive antenna system is a

four-element antenna array. Flexible beam-

pattern tailoring is achieved by applying phase

and amplitude modulation to each element. As

a result, the shape of the beam-pattern can be

modified in response to changing subscriber

traffic and interference sources, or as part of a

longer-term strategy to ensure optimal data

throughput, spectrum use or network capacity.

Commercial launch of the new RFS W4A series

WiMAX antenna is planned for the second

half of 2006.

The new Penetrator BPS10 series

offers all the benefits of Radio

Frequency Systems’ popular Penetrator

range in an antenna supporting the

increasingly-important 700 MHz

public-safety radio frequency band.

With a frequency range of 746 to

806 MHz, the Penetrator BPS10

antenna series provides extremely

high gain (12.14 to 16.44 dBi,

depending on selected beam pattern

and tilt) coupled with heavy null fill.

This ensures optimal signal coverage

both close to and distant from the

base station.

By leveraging the Penetrator’s unique,

patented dipole configuration, the

BPS10 can be provided in a

selection of four unique horizontal

beam patterns: omni-directional

(360 degrees), bi-directional or

‘peanut’ pattern, 120 degrees, and

220 degrees, allowing the network

planner to optimize coverage of the

target area and reduce the total

base station count.

Measuring 4.26 meters (14 feet) tall,

the Penetrator BPS10’s robust

fiberglass and aluminum construction

has a rated wind speed of 160 km/h

(100 mph), underscoring the

Penetrator’s proven ‘site tough’

track record.

CELL-Tape attaches easily where needed—

without leaving residue—and can be cut-away

cleanly from cables and junctions when

making repairs. Available in six

colors, CELL-Tape can be

used to color-code tower

top cable installations,

making it easier to

locate cables for

monitoring and repair

purposes.

Able to withstand

temperatures from -54

to 260 degrees Celsius

(-60 to 500 degrees

Fahrenheit) and appropriate

for applications up to 12,000

Volts, CELL-Tape ensures air- and water-

tight bonds are easy to apply, easy to identify

and easy to repair.

The RFS power distribution unit (PDU48400D)

based on RFS’s popular ‘RAPID FIT 2’ design

provide users with familiar connection technology,

enabling trouble-free installation and operation.

The development of additional CELLFLEX L-series

cable sizes is also anticipated, and will

complement RFS’s already-comprehensive array

of transmission line products.

RFS continues to lead the RF transmission

revolution by addressing evolving global market

requirements with cutting-edge technologies.

“Despite wireless infrastructure being at varying

stages of development throughout the world,

RFS continually endeavors to provide universal

solutions,” said Behrens. “CELLFLEX L-series

represents a truly global solution and

complements RFS’s existing palette of

transmission line technologies.”

return-loss and intermodulation performance.

“The electrical performance of CELLFLEX L-series

is superior to some copper transmission cables

offered by our competitors,” he said.

The introduction of CELLFLEX L-series offers

wireless carriers a long-awaited alternative to

copper transmission line. Owing to the continued

increase in raw material costs—particularly

copper—CELLFLEX L-series represents a cost

effective alternative to copper transmission

lines. “CELLFLEX L-series addresses this growing

market concern,” said Behrens. “With aluminum

sharing similar electrical, mechanical and RF

properties to copper, RFS has been able to develop

an RF transmission line that provides a new

combination of performance and affordability.”

CELLFLEX L-series offers a light-weight solution

to assist the rapid roll-out of wireless network

infrastructure. “With the rate of wireless network

deployment at an all-time high, network

providers in certain markets are continuingly

looking for alternative ways of delivering

quality mobile services and coverage to users,”

said Behrens.

Complementing RFS’s broad suite of transmission

line products, CELLFLEX L-series offers user-

friendly compatibility with RFS’s existing range of

grounding kits and clamps, as well as trimming

and preparation tools. Redesigned connectors

Radio Frequency Systems has expanded its

range of transmission line solutions with the

release of CELLFLEX LIGHT (CELLFLEX L-series)—

a foam-dielectric corrugated coaxial cable with

an aluminum outer conducter and a copper inner

conductor. CELLFLEX L-series offers an alternative

price point and performance combination for

establishing the base station to antenna RF link,

and represents a world-first in transmission

line technology.

Developed at RFS headquarters in Hannover,

Germany, and manufactured in select locations

around the world, CELLFLEX L-series is available

now and offered in a 7/8-inch diameter size. Its

robust construction and advanced electrical

performance herald CELLFLEX L-series as the next

generation in RF transmission development.

According to VP Global Product Management

Transmission Lines, Siegfried Behrens, the

introduction of CELLFLEX L-series reinforces

RFS’s industry-leading position. “CELLFLEX LIGHT

complements RFS’s existing CELLFLEX, and

CELLFLEX ‘A’ Premium Attenuation copper

transmission lines and presents users with an

additional transmission line option. Retaining

the superior mechanical performance of CELLFLEX,

CELLFLEX L-series provides increased transmission

line choice and flexibility,” said Behrens.

Weighing only 330 g/m (3.5 oz/ft), CELLFLEX

L-series offers a 34-percent reduction in weight

when compared with CELLFLEX ‘A’, making it

easy to transport, handle and install. Behrens,

explained: “CELLFLEX L-series is the world’s first

corrugated aluminum transmission line and

lightest RF transmission cable on the market

today. Its light-weight design coupled with its

single and multiple bending-radius capabilities,

allow fast installation and make it ideal for

congested tower-top applications.”

According to Behrens, CELLFLEX L-series has

been optimized to deliver world-class attenuation,

RFS’s involvement in a landmark 2004 DTV

project co-developed with consultant S. Merrill

Weiss at the Mt Wilson broadcast site in Los

Angeles. Here, RFS and Weiss designed and

realized an impressive four-broadcaster/seven-

channel shared broadcast facility.

A visit to the RFS broadcast center of excellence

in Melbourne, Australia, in June 2005 confirmed

to TV Globo what the Mt Wilson project had

led it to believe. “RFS is able to offer the best

solution to meet our requirements,” said TV

Globo’s Engineering Manager, Carlos Fini. “They

are technically a very advanced company.”

Demonstrated strengthsAccording to RFS Vice President Broadcast and

Defense Systems, Mike Dallimore, the TV Globo

project demonstrates RFS’s specific strengths.

“While RFS has circularly polarized antennas in

bands II and III, we had not manufactured such

an antenna in band I,” Dallimore said. “Being able

to address such situations is what sets RFS apart.

Our team of skilled broadcast professionals,

backed by arguably the world’s most advanced

interactive computer modeling and development

system, allows us to swiftly realize effective

solutions such as this—even in areas where

we may not have an immediate off-the-shelf

solution.”

With factory acceptance testing successfully

completed in late February 2006, the new VHF

antenna arrived in São Paulo in April 2006, and

is expected to be fully operational in the latter

half of 2006.

VHF antenna. This all-new circularly polarized

Band I VHF antenna provides unrivaled pattern

circularity and premium voltage standing wave

ratio (VSWR) performance—all in a corrosion-

resistant pole-mounted structure.

Global choiceSelected from a global field of contenders,

RFS impressed TV Globo with its engineering

excellence, advanced computer design and

modeling facilities, and proven broadcast-sector

RF expertise. TV Globo first became aware of

RFS’s broadcast system expertise as a result of

TV Globo, Brazil’s leading television group, has

enlisted Radio Frequency Systems to provide a

tailored VHF broadcast antenna solution, along

with UHF infrastructure to meet the needs of

future digital television services, for its premier

São Paulo market. The new antenna is a key

element in a major relocation for TV Globo: one

that will see its current Mt Jaraguá broadcast

facility moved to a brand new multi-story facility

in the financial sector’s Alameda Santos.

The RFS solution is founded on a VHF antenna

specifically developed for the new TV Globo

Alameda Santos site—the purpose-built 611CP

76 W H A T ’ S N E W

Tai lored antenna solut ionfor TV Globo São PauloOne of the world’s largest broadcast groups—TV Globo—opts for a completetailored VHF and UHF antenna solution from Radio Frequency Systems for its newSão Paulo headquarters.

TV Globo’s Engineering Manager, Carlos Fini (center),

inspects the new TV Globo 611CP VHF circularly polarized

Band I VHF antenna. He is accompanied by RFS Area

Product Manager, Verônica Cuchnir (left), and RFS Vice

President Broadcast and Defense Systems, Mike Dallimore.

C O V E R S T O R Y

CELLFLEX L-ser ies—world’s f i rst corrugated aluminumtransmiss ion l ine

CELLFLEX LIGHT—at a glanceWhen: CELLFLEX L-series launched in mid-2006

Where: CELLFLEX L-series feeder cable in 7/8-inch diameter plus

associated connectors, are now available globally.

Attenuation: CELLFLEX L-series boasts an attenuation of less than

6.25 dB/100m @ 2 GHz.

Connector size and range: DIN 7-16 male and female

Jacket options: UV-resistant polyethylene (JL) or flame-retardant jackets (JFNL)

Return loss (VSWR): CELLFLEX L-series and RAPID FIT L-series connector pair

offers return loss performance equal to that of CELLFLEX ‘A’.

Intermodulation (IM)performance: The CELLFLEX L-series cable and connector pair exhibits

consistently low and stable IM levels.

RFS’s 611CP VHF

circularly polarized

Band I VHF antenna,

which was purpose-built

for TV Globo’s new

São Paulo HQ site.

RFS’s 611CP VHF

circularly polarized

Band I VHF antenna,

which was purpose-built

for TV Globo’s new

São Paulo HQ site.

We specialize in broadband multi-channel

broadcast systems, customized according to

specific coverage requirements, existing

infrastructure and future capacity. In digital

broadcasting we offer world-leading channel

combining and filtering technologies, flexible

air-dielectric transmission lines, RF switching

frames, digital monitoring systems and a range

of antenna options, including tailored panel

arrays. A full solutions package.

»You have featured adaptive antenna systems (AAS) at the RFS

booth. Do you think we’ll be seeingincreasing use of ‘smart’ and

‘semi-smart’ antennas in conventional wireless networks? «

We get asked this a lot by the press, which

has devoted considerable column inches to

the ‘smart antenna’ concept since it first

emerged some four or five years ago. However,

the real-world development path hasn’t been

quite as fast-paced as media and marketing

hype might suggest. The reality is that realizing

a truly cost-effective ‘smart antenna’ solution for

global wireless networks has proven an R&D

challenge. This is particularly so for voice-centric

2G and 2.5G networks such as GSM or Code

Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

But, as the wireless sector moves further into the

realm of high-speed data, we believe that a

real business case can be made for more

advanced high-performance base station

antenna solutions. It’s important to understand

that what we’re talking about here is true next-

generation advanced antenna technologies. In

co-operation with global OEMs and carriers,

many more. Rather than merely offering

technology elements, RFS addresses these issues

from a total solutions standpoint, bringing our

cumulative RF knowledge and experience to

every individual situation and delivering a

bespoke end-to-end solution.

» Care to comment on mobile television—will it be the domain

of broadcasters or mobile network operators? «

The fast-developing mobile television

platforms—notably ‘digital video broadcast-

handheld’ (DVB-H)—are undoubtedly a hot

topic in 2006. But it’s still unclear as to whether

DVB-H will be dominated by broadcasters or by

the mobile telecommunication industry. Possibly,

these industries are headed towards some form

of convergence or cooperation. There is a wide

variety of proposed distribution or delivery

models; some based on a cellular base station

model, others on central broadcast sites

supported by translator sites (similar to digital

terrestrial television or DTT).

We believe technology isn’t the issue here—all

the models proposed are more or less proven and

viable technically. At the end of the day, it will

be a case of which delivery model(s) proves most

economic—something that could well be decided

on a case-by-case, region-by-region basis.

What is clear is that appropriate and complete

end-to-end broadband RF solutions will be

essential, regardless of the distribution model

adopted. RFS is already working closely with

broadcasters the world over in early trials and

roll-outs of both mobile and fixed digital television.

»The line between fixed andmobile services is becoming

increasingly blurred. What is RFS’sview on this convergence of fixed and

mobile services? «It is true that, in many parts of the world,

mobile subscriptions are out-numbering

fixed-line services—especially in countries lacking

full and reliable landline infrastructure. In

countries such as India, for example, it is

actually cheaper to address the telephony

roll-out challenge with wireless technologies.

Aware of the economic and functional

advantages of wireless, many fixed-line carriers

are moving into mobile. They realize that

technologies such as wireless fidelity (WiFi),

WiMAX, and VoIP over UMA, offer their existing

subscriber base some level of mobility, and also

present an attractive, competitive option for

wireless-based service subscribers.

Similarly, the high data throughput offered by

emerging 3G and 3.5G broadband wireless

technologies permits wireless carriers to

challenge the wired world’s conventional

broadband wired solutions, such as digital

subscriber line (DSL)-based systems and fiber.

‘Data over the air’ is now a reality.

» How does this impact RF infrastructure? «

Well, for starters, in a merged market, the

wired/wireless QoS must be equivalent—

and ever-improving! And there are other

challenges—interference, system reliability,

average revenue per unit (ARPU) issues and

services. While today’s conventional narrow-

band wireless LAN (WLAN) infrastructure may

suffice for simple single-purpose applications,

the genuinely future-proof in-building solution

will match tomorrow’s handset functionality.

Wireless infrastructure will need to support

the entire spectrum of in-building wireless

applications, right up to emerging worldwide

interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)

applications. Our in-building wireless solutions

are truly broadband and indeed ‘WiMAX-

ready’, supporting contemporary global

system for mobile communications (GSM) 900,

GSM 1800 and WLAN plus ‘VoIP on UMA’ and

WiMAX—seamlessly.

»What do you say to concernsabout Quality of Service (QoS) and

security in UMAs? «Security is largely a software/encoding

challenge and outside our realm. But QoS,

on the other hand, is of primary importance in

any wireless indoor solution (WINS). UMAs are

just that—unlicensed and largely unregulated—

so there is the potential for co-channel interference

from other close-proximity users within the

UMA band. With UMAs largely in the lower

microwave bands, attenuation within the

in-building environment (walls, windows, ceiling

material and so on) is certainly more challenging

and, unchecked, can impact on QoS. At RFS, we

meet these challenges by drawing on both passive

and active in-building technologies, tailoring

in-building RF coverage for an optimal outcome.

As a technology innovator with a unique

communications perspective, RFS booths at

major trade fairs always attract a stream of

editors and staff writers. At 3GSM Barcelona,

Telexpo São Paulo, SVYAZ-Expocomm Moscow,

and CTIA Wireless Las Vegas, RFS was quizzed

on emerging technologies and asked its opinion

on various media ‘hot topics’. STAY CONNECTED

shares some of these interview dialog from

around the globe.

»Voice over Internet protocol(VoIP) and ‘VoIP over unlicensed

mobile access (UMA)’ have particular relevance to the

corporate sector. Where does RFS fit in with the deployment

of these technologies? «First, it should be clear that many of these

applications will be in-building—an area

where we offer great expertise and superior

total application solutions. From an RF coverage

perspective, in-building environments present

unique challenges. The aim is for ubiquitous

coverage across the enterprise, so that users

experience true high-speed data transferences

in every corner of the building, campus or

wherever. Location-to-location transition should

have no discernible impact on this end-user

experience.

The RF coverage solution should also be

genuinely broadband. The centerpiece of near-

future in-building wireless will be multi-mode

handsets that seamlessly support a range of

second-generation (2G), 2.5G, 3G and 3.5G

98

we’re actively exploring and investing R&D

resources in this area. The RFS W4A adaptive

antenna system for WiMAX that you see on

display here is a prime example. Here, within a

compact form-factor, the W4A offers advanced

beam forming to minimize interference

and maximize coverage, capacity and

signal-to-noise factor.

Similarly, at the Nortel booth you can see the

new multi-beam adaptive antenna beam

selection (AABS) planar phased array. A joint

RFS/Nortel development, the AABS is the first

of what we believe will be a revolution in

smart antenna technologies, tailored for the

more demanding high call-density urban

applications. And you can expect to see more

innovative and exciting base station antenna

solutions of this ilk from RFS in the very

near future.

» Is this the way of the future forcellular base station antennas in the

wireless sector? «What we are witnessing is, indeed, the

next stage in the evolution of the wireless

antenna system—a logical evolution in which

RFS has played a central role since the birth of

wireless telephony in the early seventies. This

is what RFS is all about—the development

of innovative and tailored end-to-end RF

solutions that are genuinely cost-effective and

performance-driven.

RFS meets the pressRadio Frequency Systems’ involvementat the forefront of today’s mobilecommunications and broadcastindustries means that a high level of media interest simply ‘comes withthe territory’.

V I E W P O I N T

At this year’s CTIA Wireless exhibition in

Las Vegas, USA, Radio Frequency Systems

demonstrated a remote radio head (RRH) unit

that is believed to exhibit the

fastest bit-rate of any ‘fiber-

to-the-tower-top’ solution to

date. Compatible with the

open base station architecture

initiative (OBSAI) RP3-01

interface definition, the

landmark RFS development

underpins important new wireless network

deployment and management strategies.

By leveraging the bandwidth and flexibility of

fiber-optic technologies, the RFS RRH system

permits base transmitter station (BTS) to antenna

separation distances of up to 15 kilometers

(10 miles). This allows the BTS to be located in

more easily acquired sites, remote from the mast

and radio head/antenna assembly. In addition,

the RFS RRH fiber-optic link

offers ongoing opex savings,

courtesy of the almost

loss-free ‘BTS-to-tower top’

fiber link.

3-Gbps plusThe unit’s ‘3-Gbps plus’ total

throughput capacity ensures

that the RFS RRH is well-placed to support

powerful RRH networking topologies, such as

‘daisy chain’, ‘ring’ and ‘tree-and-branch’.

The RFS RRH is believed to be one of the world’s

first to be fully compatible with the OBSAI RP3-01

interface definition. OBSAI is an organization of

leading base station vendors, module and

component manufacturers, which aims to establish

a more open base station market, by creating a set

of open specifications for base station architecture.

“We are delighted to have achieved this

important milestone,” said André Doll, RFS Vice

President Product Management RF Conditioning.

“OBSAI-compatibility ensures that our RRH

solution will easily be modified to support

the widest range of

third-generation (3G) and

3.5G wireless technologies,

including worldwide inter-

operability for microwave

access (WiMAX).” It is

predicted that emerging

WiMAX broadband wireless

data networks will have specific needs for such

active tower-top solutions—particularly in the

early stages of network deployment in dense

inner-city areas.

AISG and OBSAI compatibleThe robust and weatherproof RFS RRH unit

provides a digital interface to the BTS, plus

modulation/demodulation and amplification

of both transmit and receive RF signals. In

addition, all antenna interface

standards group (AISG)-

compliant antenna control

and monitoring functionality

is supported via the RFS RRH

and the fiber link. All essential

data channel serialization

and de-serialization, data

buffering, redundancy coding

and clock synchronization can be handled

onboard the unit.

“As is the case with any outdoor base station

technology, we are firmly convinced that

reliability will be the vital ingredient in realizing

the true benefits of any RRH solution,”

Doll said. “To this end, our design efforts

are tightly focused on achieving premium

RRH reliability, along with optimal link bit-rate

and power efficiency.” Commercial launch

of the new RFS RRH system is planned

for 2007.

multiple arrays, and full MIMO/beam forming. In

conjunction with OEMs and carriers, RFS is

developing a WiMAX antenna suite with

offerings that cover all variants at the major

WiMAX frequencies.”

WINs and QoSA significant market sector for WiMAX will

inevitably be in the in-building (wireless indoor

solutions (WINs)) domain, where RFS is actively

involved. “There are a number of elements in

play in the WiMAX WINs arena,”

says Addra. “There is no

denying that WiMAX

mobile’s transmit

diversity and MIMO

func t iona l i t y—

coupled with new

technologies like

remote radio head

(macro and micro/pico)

—will permit the outdoor

network to provide better indoor

coverage. Conversely, the higher frequencies

of WiMAX mean it suffers far greater signal

attenuation, due to walls and building material.

We need to understand the final outcome here,

and the prospective business case for the

wireless indoor solutions (WINs) coverage.”

The indoor and outdoor WiMAX coverage issues

are, according to Addra, inextricably linked—a

multi-variable situation that needs to be

understood before it is addressed. “RFS is

currently conducting a range of WiMAX feasibility

studies in this area to better understand the

impact of outdoor on indoor. Like all things in

broadband wireless, the central issue will be

quality of service (QoS). Carrier market share in

WiMAX broadband wireless data will be

strongly impacted by QoS. Our prime focus is

there, right now.”

requirements,” he says. “This will mean that

WiMAX filters will need to be tailored to suit the

unique frequencies, channel bandwidths, and so

on, of each region.” RFS is currently working

with OEMs and carriers in both Europe and

North America to develop a range of WiMAX

filters—classic cavity filters, ceramic or hybrids—

to meet these unique needs. “RFS is already

well-practised in addressing such situations

with OEMs and operators,” Addra says.

The service’s elevated frequency, coupled with

the addition of ‘multiple input/multiple

output’ (MIMO) functionality

to the latest version of the

WiMAX standard, have

inspired some powerful

base station antenna

evolutions. The

reduced wavelength

of WiMAX (deployed at

2.3, 2.5 or 3.5 GHz) allows

antenna diversity (‘transmit

diversity’) to be incorporated within

the WiMAX handset. “Currently, OEMs are

applying receive diversity in the base transmitter

stations, but the latest-version WiMAX mobile/

MIMO standard introduces terminal-side

diversity,” Addra explains.

Terminal-side diversity will reduce interference

and allow carriers to increase the coverage

achieved. In addition, the MIMO and beam-

forming base station antennas will permit

powerful beam forming, targeting the coverage

where it is most required and creating nulls

where interference might be detected.

“Interestingly, MIMO functionality is being

incorporated into the third-generation partnership

project’s (3GPP) next evolutionary stage—3G-LTE

so this issue is very important,” Addra says.

“We find that WiMAX carriers want a mix of

different antenna types: conventional single-

polarized (single array), cross-polarized single

array sector antennas, beam forming with

There is no denying the hype and excitement

surrounding the worldwide interoperability for

microwave access (WiMAX) broadband wireless

technology. Strongly standards-based (and

policed by industry body, the WiMAX Forum),

WiMAX is predicted to satisfy a wide range of

applications that can currently only be supported

by wired or fibered broadband connections.

A cell-based technology, WiMAX in its fixed/

portable variant operates over cells of three to

10 kilometres (two to nine miles) radii and

supports capacities of up to 40 Mbps per

channel. Ratified in late-2005, the mobile

variant (IEEE 802.16e) is expected to achieve

around 15 Mbps in cells up to three kilometers

(two miles) in diameter. The technology still

faces many challenges: the incompatibility

between the new mobile standard and its fixed

predecessor; complexities (and controversy)

surrounding allocated spectrum in North

America and Europe; and the long road ahead

to full commercialization.

Radio Frequency Systems Chief Technology

Officer, Modeste Addra, points out that WiMAX

carriers actually face similar network planning

challenges to those presented by conventional

second-generation (2G) and 3G mobile networks.

“Cell sizes will vary according to the subscriber

density,” Addra says. “We will see large cells,

micro-cells and pico-cells. This will be driven by

capacity versus coverage issues.”

Filters, beam-forming and MIMOThe key RF challenges Addra cites in the

WiMAX roll-out will be issues surrounding RF

filtering and base station antenna requirements.

From the filtering perspective, the complexity of

what Addra describes as “the broad radio

panorama” of WiMAX sets interesting challenges.

“For example, the ruling spectrum bodies in

Europe (European Economic Community (ECC))

and North America (Federal Communications

Commission (FCC)) are stipulating different

R F C O N D I T I O N I N G 1110

WiMAX RF—cel l -by-cel lAs WiMAX evolves into its mobile variant, carriers the world over are welcomingthis important new technology. STAY CONNECTED explores the RF issues thatwill ultimately define WiMAX.

W i M A X

‘F iber-to-the-tower-top’ with RFS remote radio headRadio Frequency Systems unveils a ‘BTS to antenna’ fiber-optic solution thatpromises new levels of network planning flexibility for high call-density in innerurban areas.

» Reliability will be the vitalingredient in realizing the truebenefits of any RRH solution

...our design efforts are tightlyfocussed [here]. «

» OBSAI-compatibility ensures [the RFS] RRH solution

will be easily modified to support the widest range of 3G and 3.5G wireless

technologies...«

Although analog mobile

telephone services had existed

in Taiwan since 1989, by

1994, the network was

saturated and stagnating with

just half a million subscribers.

Chunghwa Telecom (then the

DGT) consequently launched a

new digital Global System for

Mobile communication (GSM)

900-MHz network in 1995. The AMPS network

was phased out in 2001.

It was liberalization that opened the door to

network development capable of supporting

today’s ‘world record’ mobile subscriber levels.

In 1997, the MoTC awarded eight whole-island

licenses for Global System for Mobile

azimuthal side-lobe levels, elevation beamwidths

and electrical downtilts that most accurately

match those of conventional sector antennas.

“We are delighted to work with Nortel in this

important development for next-generation

CDMA networks,” said Curtis Cadrain, RFS

Global Key Account Manager. “The Nortel

AABS solution is truly state-of-the-art. We believe

that RFS was the

optimal choice for Nortel

in this cooperative

venture. Successfully

developing and integrating

the precision multi-beam

antenna, beamformer and

smart BTS subsystems into an

efficient operational system

demanded a very special relationship

between unique technology groups.

The relationship between Nortel and RFS—and

the nature of the two companies themselves

—has demonstrated the essential high level of

partnering, shared knowledge and global

expertise necessary for such a landmark

development.”

Development Group (CDG) Service Operator

Requirements for Smart Antenna Technology.

The multi-beam antenna solution has been

precision-developed by RFS to meet Nortel’s

exacting performance specifications. Along with

achieving the required individual beam widths,

beam shapes and ‘crossovers’, electrical downtilts

and gains, the antenna has been designed to ensure

premium beam-to-beam isolation, return loss and

minimal passive intermodulation distortion.

“This solution enables valuable spectrum to be used

in a highly-efficient manner,” said Doug Wolff,

general manager, CDMA Nortel. “By creating

efficiencies with adaptive antenna technology,

operators can support network capacities that

were not previously possible.”

Tailored RF performanceImportantly, RFS and Nortel have

tailored the antenna’s performance to ensure

minimal interference between the new

multi-beam antennas and conventional

full-sector (single-beam) antennas located

elsewhere in the network. To achieve this, great

attention has been spent on achieving antenna

At the CTIA Wireless exhibition held in Las Vegas

in April this year, leading communications

technology and infrastructure vendor, Nortel,

exhibited a multi-beam ‘smart’ antenna solution

specifically designed to meet the needs of

next-generation personal communications

services (PCS) 1900-MHz networks. The antenna

—a multi-beam adaptive antenna beam

selection (AABS) planar phased array, has

been developed in conjunction with Radio

Frequency Systems.

The co-developed Nortel/RFS multi-beam

antenna produces four precision beams—

narrow left, center and right lobes, plus a

full-sector beam (see Figure 1). The AABS system’s

advanced array signal processing and adaptive

beam algorithm directs and distributes RF energy

across three of the four fixed beams (while all

four beams are used to receive signals.) This

‘smart‘ base transmitter station (BTS) also

simultaneously suppresses interference signals

and takes advantage of the signal path diversity

inherent in the multi-beam system. As a result, the

complete AABS system delivers a more spectrally

efficient solution, while allowing more voice and

data traffic within existing spectrum.

Designed to seamlessly integrate into the Nortel

code division multiple access (CDMA) Metro Cell

platform, the Nortel AABS solution is applicable

to IS-95, CDMA2000 1X, and CDMA 1x

‘evolution data only’ (EV-DO) air interfaces.

Florida trialsSystem trials of the Nortel multi-beam technology

conducted at a number of Florida PCS CDMA

sites over the past three years have demonstrated

a two-fold increase in IS-95 voice capacity when

compared with conventional single-beam sector

antennas. In addition, the AABS demands no

change of standards or mobile terminals to

achieve these capacity increase benefits. Nortel

AABS smart antenna solution conforms to CDMA

communication (GSM) network operation,

operating in two bands: 900 MHz and 1800 MHz.

These licenses were secured by: Chunghwa

Telecom, Taiwan Mobile, (FET), KG Telecom,

MoBiTai, TransAsia Telecom and Tuntex Telecom.

Since that time, there has been significant

contraction, resulting not only in several

Towering over the Manhattan-style ‘skyscape’ of

Taipei, the world’s tallest building—Taipei 101—

is symbolic of Taiwan’s push to reach new

economic heights in a future founded upon

foresight: the foresight to rapidly adopt,

assimilate, and take advantage of emergent

technologies.

Taiwan’s overall economic development has

been closely linked to the liberalization of

its telecommunications sector. Increased

privatization and foreign investment has seen

the island’s communications networks evolve

from analog Advanced Mobile Phone Service

(AMPS), all the way to the third-generation (3G)

networks that have just commenced operation.

Today, with a population of almost 23 million,

Taiwan boasts one of the world’s highest

wireless telephony penetration—110 percent—

compared to a fixed-line subscription rate of

just 60 percent. This figure is not only reflective

of Taiwan’s largely inaccessible mountainous

terrain, but also of a citizenry that is constantly

on the go, twenty-four/seven. This year’s IDC

Information Society Index rates Taiwan as having

the world’s highest wireless Internet penetration

rate and third-best overall information structure.

RFS has enjoyed an active participation in the

wireless and broadcast infrastructure development

of Taiwan, where its busy Taipei sales office

has been operating since 2003. In support of the

Taiwanese government’s staunch commitment

to ‘ubiquitous wireless connectivity’, RFS continues

to advise, tender and supply RF solutions to the

country’s OEMs and key stakeholders.

The first steps towards the liberalization of

Taiwan’s telecommunications sector kicked off

from the 1996 Telecommunications Act, which

separated the operational and regulatory functions

of the Directorate General of Telecommunications

(DGT). As a result, the state-run Chunghwa Telecom

was established to provide telecommunications

services in a (fiercely!) competitive environment,

while the DGT’s regulatory responsibilities fell

under the auspices of the Ministry of Transport

and Communications (MoTC).

1312

Taiwan’s ‘economic miracle’ belies its brief 60-year existence.Now offering a genuine broadband mobile communicationsenvironment, this mature wireless market serves as a ‘must watch’ model for the rest of the world.

Nortel /RFS mult i -beam ‘smart ’antenna col laborat ionA Nortel/RFS joint-venture development has produced a multi-beam ‘smart’antenna that achieves a two-fold increase in IS-95 voice capacity, when compared with conventional single-beam sector antennas.

The Nortel/RFS multi-beam antenna

Traffic is chaotic in Taipei metropolis.

Taipei 101 towers over

the capital’s high-rise skyline.

Taiwan: an East Asiant iger earns i ts str ipes

W I R E L E S S S O L U T I O N S

Figure 1:

Schematic illustration of

the multi-beam adaptive

antenna beam selection

(AABS) planar phased array

R E G I O N A L F O C U SAABSSMART

BTS

AABS planar phased array (c/w beam former)

urban areas like Taipei with wireless Internet

access, but also to tie these networks together

with mobile services in an M-Taiwan initiative

called ‘Internet Beyond 3G’. To further spur the

development of popular applications for

broadband Internet users, the government will

have injected US$34 million into WiMAX-related

R&D by the end of this year.

On the mobile TV front, Taiwan is displaying

similar forward vision. In an ‘Asia first’ in July

2005, a new channel, tailor-made for mobile

reception on Kao-hsiung bus services, was trialed

successfully. Again, the government is providing

financial assistance for developing digital

content and advanced handheld devices.

“Taiwanese people—especially the younger

generation that is growing up with wireless

communications—want to keep in touch, stay

informed, be entertained. The ‘community’ in

which this generation lives is not rooted to the

ground, but is as mobile and free-moving as

they are,” Wu says.

“At work, on the street, on the train, in buildings

or outdoors these users will want information

and entertainment dropped right into their

hands. And whether this is via 3G cell phone,

WLAN or WiMAX applications, or even mobile

TV, RFS will definitely be in the picture, helping

to deliver the solutions that deliver the services.”

Taiwan is proving to the world that a mature

market is not a market that has stopped

flourishing. Indeed, as

this ‘East Asian

tiger’ advances into

the 21st century,

pundits predict it

will remain a

pace-setter. Be sure,

too, that RFS will continue

to act as a conduit for these

technological changes as

they evolve.

13 new DTV antenna systems installed in Taiwan,

including the pilot station.

Sharing infrastructure through the use of RFS’s

world-renowned multi-channel combiners has

been a vital element in enabling the five ‘free-

to-air’ broadcasters to meet DTV transmission

obligations with less initial investment.

“Especially in Taiwan’s varied terrain, every

location is different,” says Wu. “RFS provides

more than just equipment. RFS works with local

broadcasters to provide full technical solutions

that ensure optimal coverage in the desired

service areas. In the near future we expect to be

even busier, as the broadcast network is expected

to double in size, with each broadcaster operating

two channels via the coast-to-coast SFN.”

Government goes beyond 3GAs part of an ambitious NT$37 billion (US$1.1

billion) project, called M-Taiwan, Taiwan's

government plans to blanket the island's cities

with broadband wireless data networks that are

integrated with existing mobile phone services

by 2008. The project aims to not only cover

Even more ground-breaking is a project

underway for Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)

Tuchen line extension, which will ensure

commuters on the 400 trains traveling the

tunnels daily will receive GSM/CDMA/UMTS

services. This fully engineered WINS solution,

founded on RADIAFLEX RLKU158 radiating

cable, is consolidating RFS’s reputation in the

region for supplying superior WINS solutions.

RFS Taiwan is also participating in tenders, on a

project-by-project basis, for indoor WLAN

applications in hospitals, airports, universities,

shopping centers and key public buildings.

DTV reaching new heightsIn digital broadcast too, as in mobile

communications, Taiwan has been an early-runner.

The European Digital Video Broadcasting-

Terrestrial (DVB-T) standard was formally adopted

in 2001, enabling the establishment of Single

Frequency Networks (SFN) in which more than

one transmitting site may service the same

coverage area. RFS came in on the ground,

providing end-to-end RF solutions for 11 of the

(KRTC) is currently under construction, to provide

a 380-400 MHz Terrestrial Trunked Radio system

(TETRA) for emergency and safety services. RFS’s

solution—based on RADIAFLEX radiating cable—

addresses 25 kilometers (15 miles) of tunnel across

37 stations within the city’s central business district.

“One of the reasons for RFS selection as a

supplier was that our radiating cables achieved

endorsement by Taiwan’s National Fire

Authority, meeting low-smoke, low-halogen

requirements,” explains Wu. The project is

scheduled for completion in the fourth-quarter

of 2007.

In another important in-tunnel TETRA project—

this time for Taiwan Rail Authority—RFS last year

supplied 162 kilometers (100 miles) of RLVL114

and RLK114 RADIAFLEX radiating cable.

4000 base stations, with almost no site sharing.

Now, to deliver 3G services, each operator

will require 1000 to 1200 new sites to

optimize coverage,” says Wu.

“Each 2G site is being shared by

two or three 3G providers

and, of course, minimizing

costs of additional cabling

is a critical factor. RFS is an

important supplier of

GSM/CDMA diplexers for

feeder sharing to these

sites—potentially some

18,000 sets throughout

Taiwan. In a current trial

project with FET, for exam-

ple, some 120 diplexer sets

have already been installed,

with more in the pipeline once

the trial is complete.”

Wonders of WINSNot surprisingly in a country characterized by

high-rise urban developments sited above largely

subterranean rail systems, wireless indoors

solutions (WINS) are of particular importance.

The first integrated WLAN/GSM services were

rolled out by Taiwanese operators during the first

quarter of 2005 and were initially available in

three cities—Taipei, T’ai-chung and Kao-hsiung.

These are to be expanded to a further seven cities

by 2008. By then, the government expects to see

more than 4 million wireless subscribers in

Taiwan using dual-mode handsets that support

WLAN and GSM networks.

Again, RFS is stepping up to the plate with wireless

in-building and in-tunnel solutions. An in-tunnel

solution for Kao-hsiung Rapid Transit Corporation

mergers and acquisitions, but new players

have also come onto the field.

Five years later, in February 2002, just five 3G

wireless licenses were auctioned in two spectral

bands: 800 MHz code division multiple access

(CDMA) 1x, and 2100-MHz wideband code

division multiple access (WCDMA). Far from

watching from the sidelines, RFS’s expertise was

called into play as the company worked with

OEMs and the Taiwanese government in

finalizing 3G spectrum allocation to ensure

minimal 2G/3G interference.

By 2006, three of the five 3G license holders

dominate the market: Chunghwa Telecom,

Taiwan Cellular Corporation (TCC), and FarEas

Tone (FET). Planning to make its move into 3.5G

by making Taiwan the world’s largest testing

ground for worldwide interoperability for

microwave access (WiMAX) technology, the

government will auction four WiMAX licenses by

the end of 2006. The ‘Big Three’ will, no doubt,

each secure their WiMAX positions, but a

fourth competitor has yet to come out in the

open and declare an interest.

According to RFS Taiwan area sales director,

Jason Wu, in the island’s intensely competed

communications market, the key drivers are

user demands for high-quality, diversified,

seamless services, and high-speed data.

Mobile and moving“With mobile subscription at such a saturation

point, our mobile phone operators are all

working aggressively to develop data and

value-added services, which boost average

revenue per unit (ARPU). Mobile Internet, mobile

office, mobile banking, mobile information

services, ring-tones and music downloads—

these are the kinds of offerings for which users

are prepared to pay. With such desirables at

their fingertips, Taiwan’s 3G user base is expected

to number two million by the end of 2006,”

he says.

Establishing the infrastructure to support 3G

roll-outs—and complying with a Government

policy of minimizing the numbers and locations

of new base stations—has led to increasing

carrier collaboration and infrastructure sharing.

“By 2005, we had seen explosive growth in the

sector and an island-wide network of some

1514For the Taiwan Rail Authority (TRA) tunnels project,

RFS supplied 162 kilometers (100 miles) of RLVL114

and RLK114 RADIAFLEX radiating cable.R E G I O N A L F O C U S

Taipei Chi-lung

Su-ao

Hua-lien

T’ai-chung

Chang-hua

T’ai-nan

T’ai-tungKao-hsiung

Traditional Chinese architecture is still evident across the island.

“Although it might be faster and more cost-

effective to use existing microwave antenna

systems, there’s also the chance these might

already be capacity-limited, or consist of old

equipment. This is really a huge opportunity to

upgrade to digital technology, where capacity is

much less of an issue. The 4, 6 and 7-GHz bands

are, for the most part, ideal for high-capacity,

long-distance microwave links; while the higher

frequency bands are more applicable for links

over medium or short-distances,” says Zoberi.

Suite of SolutionsRFS designs and delivers complete microwave

antenna systems for radio link networks in each

of the bands being considered. This includes an

extensive suite of antennas—including standard,

high and ultra-high performance models, and

the popular RFS CompactLine, SlimLine ranges—

plus FLEXWELL elliptical waveguide, dehydration

systems and accessories.

“RFS is committed to providing cost-effective

and high performance backhaul solutions,”

says Zoberi. “We’ve pioneered the development

of small-diameter dishes that meet FCC part

101 Category A pattern requirements in the

10 and 11-GHz bands, providing more choice for

users of this band. Added to that, we have

a premium manufacturing facility here in

the USA, enabling fast turnaround and system

deployment.”

Although incumbents of the 1700 and 2100-MHz

bands are still confronted by a lot of unknowns,

there are already many RFS solutions available

to meet their backhaul relocation needs,

says Zoberi.

relocation of wireless backhaul services to

different bands. “It will most likely come down

to each and all of these options being considered

on a case-by-case basis,” says Zoberi. “Each link

will be assessed in terms of interference, available

infrastructure and available capacity.”

Of the options available, microwave radio links

remain the most flexible. Although T1 lines

present a speedy solution, they incur ongoing

leasing costs that dramatically increase overall

cost of the system. Fiber networks are fast and

high-capacity, but are difficult and expensive to

deploy—especially over rugged terrain—plus

are more susceptible to natural disasters.

Microwave links, on the other hand, can cover

great distances without incurring extra cost, can

be deployed quickly, and offer payback periods

of as little as two years. Furthermore, with

microwave backhaul, users have total control of

the system.

The frequency bands specified by the FCC for

microwave backhaul relocation are illustrated

in Figure 1. Federal government incumbents

currently using the 1710 to 1755-MHz band

can opt to use existing systems in the 1750 to

1850-MHz band, or deploy new systems in the

4 or 7-GHz bands. Similarly, non-government

incumbents (2110 to 2150-MHz) can use

existing 2450 to 2483-MHz systems, or move to

the 6, 10, 11 or 18-GHz bands. The decision,

says Zoberi, lies in the desired application.

The planned mid-2006 auction of advanced

wireless services (AWS) spectrum in the USA is

generating great enthusiasm on the part of

commercial mobile phone carriers hoping to

deploy third-generation (3G) services in the

newly allocated bands. However, for those

incumbents already using the 1700 and

2100-MHz spectrum for wireless backhaul

applications, a tough decision lies ahead. They

must find new backhaul routes—and quickly—

to allow them to vacate the spectrum without

disrupting existing services.

The spectrum being auctioned by the US federal

communications commission (FCC) comprises

the 1710 to 1755-MHz band, currently utilized

by federal government organizations, and

the 2110 to 2150-MHz band, allocated to

non-government organizations such as rail

companies, State Governments, and several

commercial carriers. The cost of relocating

backhaul services will be footed by the new

spectrum license-holders; and, according to Asad

Zoberi, Radio Frequency Systems Microwave

Area Product Manager, these are likely to want

to liberate the spectrum right away.

“There are certain key markets—such as

New York or Los Angeles—where the new

license-holders will want to make use of the

AWS spectrum quickly,” Zoberi says. “We expect

the relocation activity here could start in a

matter of months. There could even be a

measure of transitional frequency sharing,

providing there’s no interference generated.

Whatever the case, it’s certain that speed of

deployment will be a key factor in the choice of

new backhaul mechanism.”

Backhaul case-by-caseIncumbents have a number of backhaul options:

lease of existing T1 lines, deployment of fiber

networks, utilization of existing microwave

backhaul systems in neighboring bands, or

RLKU series radiating cable. Fifteen optical

repeaters positioned along the length of the

tunnels will support a fiber optic backbone

system. Each high-power remote unit will

convert the optical signal into RF and amplify

it through each tunnel—maintaining the

signal levels along the entire tunnel. In this

particular installation, the optical repeaters

will be positioned approximately two kilometers

(1.2 miles) apart through the longest stretches

of transmission.

Jacky Tang, RFS Senior

Regional Sales Manager, said

that a key design feature

was the customization of

the distances between each

optical unit to minimize

overall system loss. “Some

stations were more than two

kilometers (1.2 miles) apart,”

he said. “We needed to

individually assess each sub-

section of the line—in terms

of distance and strength of

signal—to determine the

In 2006/2007, joint-venture railway infrastructure

development group, Shanghai Hong Kong Metro

Construction Management, will incorporate

Radio Frequency Systems’ wireless indoor

solutions (WINS) to support an in-tunnel

communications system for Shanghai Metro

line ‘M9’. The new section of the metro will

include 13 new stations from Song Jiang to

Yi Shan Road in Shanghai’s south west, and

incorporate twin-bore 12-kilometer (7-mile)

tunnels. Each tunnel bore will be equipped with

a terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA) 800-MHz

network to support the metro’s train radio

communications system. This system is

scheduled for completion in the first half

of 2007.

To achieve the desired in-tunnel coverage, the

hybrid solution will use a combination of RFS’s

T-RU series optical repeaters and RADIAFLEX

W I R E L E S S I N D O O R S O L U T I O N S 1716 M I C R O W A V E

Hybrid coverage solut ion for Shanghai Metro Hybr id coverage solut ion for Shanghai Metro

Shanghai’s new Metro Line ‘M9’ comesto life with the help of RFS wirelessindoor solutions, underpinning theline’s vital train radio communicationsystem.

number of optical repeaters to be used. In the

longest sections, we need to put as many as

three repeaters between stations to ensure the

signal remains strong.”

Scheduled for operation in early 2009, the

Shanghai Metro M9 will be the third RFS has

worked on in the city. Over the past few years, RFS’s

customized WINS technology was used to create

a 450-MHz train radio communications system

and public communications system for Shanghai

Metro M1, M2, and their extensions.

US auct ions spawn spectrum shuff leAs the USA re-allocates microwave backhaul spectrum for 3G advanced wirelessservices, incumbent carriers needing to relocate will need flexible radio linksolutions that can be deployed quickly.

Figure 1: The backhaul relocation scenario caused by the impending AWS spectrum auctions

Effective from 1 February 2006, the surcharge

applies to RFS’s FLEXWELL, HELIFLEX, CELLFLEX,

and RADIAFLEX products.

World commodity prices have risen steadily

over the past year, with the cost of copper—

considered to be the lead indicator for commodity

pricing—effectively doubling since mid-2004.

“Materials such as copper, aluminum and oil

are integral in the construction of many of

RFS’s products. The commodity cost impact

has reached a point where RFS can no

longer shield its customers from its

effects,” said Mark Davies, RFS

President Global Transmission Line

Products. “The new RFS ‘raw material

surcharge’ minimizes the impact on

our valued customers, as we all ride

1918

RFS doing dia log atBroadcastAsia 2006At this year’s BroadcastAsia 2006 exhibition,

Radio Frequency Systems will make its people a

focal point. The company’s team of RF broadcast

system experts will be on-hand to discuss current

directions in broadcast technology—particularly

developments to support digital mobile television

services, such as digital

video broadcasting to

handhelds (DVB-H) and

digital multimedia

broadcasting (DMB).

“This is a pivotal time for the industry,” said

Norm Franke, RFS Manager Sales Asia. “Mobile

television is a whole new ballgame, with

questions still being raised about the RF and

delivery aspects of the technology—such as

polarization, frequency bands, indoor coverage

and network topology. BroadcastAsia provides

a forum for the face-to-face discussions that

underpin the adoption of such new technologies.

RFS is here to talk!”

According to Franke, BroadcastAsia is an ideal

opportunity for broadcasters to meet with the

team behind RFS’s world-renowned RF broadcast

systems. “It’s a relaxed atmosphere and, whether

the interest is in mobile television, or digital

terrestrial TV, or digital radio, or analogue

expansions, we can

listen to broadcasters’

specific needs. By

understanding these, we

can work with broadcasters to develop the most

practical solutions—on a case-by-case basis.”

The broadcast division of RFS specializes in the

design, manufacture and installation of end-to-

end broadband antenna systems and associated

multi-channel combining systems.

RFS at BroadcastAsia 2006:

Singapore Expo

20 to 23 June 2006

Hall 8, booth 8K3-01

Fourth edit ion of RFS Products catalogRadio Frequency Systems has released the latest

edition of its comprehensive product catalog,

RFS Products: Infrastructure Solutions. The

fourth edition features over 3,000 RFS products

across eight product ranges.

A new feature of the catalog is the incorporation

of seven ‘industry solutions’ pages. Each of

these double-page spreads features a detailed

system illustration that demonstrates how RFS’s

individual product groups can be integrated

together into end-to-end RF solutions. The

outlined industry applications include: Cell-based

communications; radio link networks; public

mobile radio; in-tunnel wireless communications;

in-building wireless communications; television

and radio broadcasting; and high frequency

and defense communications.

Dr. Q’s noble prize!In an international field of more 400 entries,

Radio Frequency Systems last month garnered a

Silver Award in the prestigious World Media

Festival Awards 2006 for a short film titled

Q’s Wonderful World of Science.

The film—an inventive and amusing mix of

animation and live action—was submitted to

the World Media Festival by well-known German

production company, Ulrich Bock Film, from a

script and concept by advertising agency B & B

Werbeagentur GmbH. Q’s Wonderful World of

Science quirkily introduces the world of wireless

communications and broadcast technology,

and explains RFS’s important role in these

industries. It was created for use at exhibitions,

trade fairs, and for customer demonstrations.

The World Media Festival Awards recognize

excellence in modern communications media,

and are acknowledged internationally as

symbols of the highest production standards in

modern communication.

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High atop Swan Lake Mountain in the

South-Central Oregon Ranges, USA, RFS

SlimLine SU series microwave antennas

bear the brunt of a snowy winter. At an

elevation of 2139 meters (7018 feet),

Swan Lake Mountain can experience

temperatures ranging from -26 degrees

Celsius (-15 degrees Fahrenheit) in the

winter through to 38 degrees Celsius

(100 degrees Fahrenheit) in the summer, and

wind speeds gusting up to 104 kilometers

per hour (65 miles per hour).

Sl imLine onSwan Lake

The printed version of the fourth RFS Products

catalog is available now from your local RFS

sales representative. Alternatively, order a copy

on-line at www.rfsworld.com.

Complementing

each system

illustration is

a description

of how RFS

provides

real-world

solutions to

meet the

specific challenges

faced by each of these wireless industries.

In addition, the new catalog provides

easy-to-access supplementary information,

such as performance charts, explanations of

technical terms and concepts in the technical

information section, plus a detailed model

number index for all products featured.

RFS introduces transmiss ion l ine surcharge scheme

Radio Frequency Systems has announced a new

‘raw material surcharge’ that will be applied to

its world-leading RF transmission line products.

The new surcharge scheme has been developed

in response to a sustained increase in the cost of

the base materials—such as copper,

aluminum, polyethylene and crude

oil—that are involved in the

transmission line production and

supply chain processes.

through these

commodity cost challenges.”

As a leading supplier of wireless infrastructure

solutions for over 30 years, RFS continually

strives to offer superior RF solutions across a

broad range of industry sectors. “The burden of

the recent commodity price rises has reached a

point where this commitment is at risk. The ‘raw

material surcharge’ alleviates this risk, and

ensures that we retain and enhance the premium

product quality and performance that is

synonymous with the CELLFLEX, RADIAFLEX,

FLEXWELL and HELIFLEX brands,” Davies said.

For further information regarding the RFS

transmission line ‘raw material surcharge’, contact

your local RFS sales and distribution office, or the

RFS website at www.rfsworld.com.

I N T O U C H