3n. SOL ReviewCivil Rights(VUS.13a-b)

1. Which court case led to the desegregation of public schools, and replaced the “separate but equal doctrine” by stating that “separate but equal is …

unequal?”

• A. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

• B. Dred Scott v. Sanford• C. M.L. King, Jr. v. Virginia• D. Plessy v. Ferguson

1. ABrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

Remember:Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) = “separate but equal,”

segregation is o.k.Brown v. Board of Education (1954) = “separate but

equal is…unequal,” segregation is illegal

2. Which does not describe Virginia’s reaction to the desegregation of its public schools?

• A. Massive resistance, including closing some schools

• B. Establishment of private academies (schools) to teach white children

• C. It accepted the Supreme Court’s decision as being the law of the land

• D. There was a flight of white students from urban school systems to the suburban and rural schools

2. CIt accepted the Supreme Court’s decision as being

the law of the land

Virginia, and other southern states, opposed the Brown decision. It felt that education was a state, and not a federal,

matter.

3. Which NAACP lawyer argued the Brown case before the Supreme Court?

• A. Martin L. King, Jr.• B. W.E.B. DuBois• C. Clarence Thomas• D. Thurgood Marshall

3. DThurgood Marshall

Thurgood Marshall would go on to become the first African-American to serve as a U.S. Supreme Court Justice (Judge).

4. Which NAACP’s legal defense team lawyer was active in Virginia?

• A. Ida Wills• B. Thurgood Marshall• C. Oliver Hill• D. John Marshall

4. COliver Hill

You are already familiar with John Marshall and Thurgood Marshall. Ida Wills was an anti-lynching activist.

Oliver Hill was an NAACP lawyer.

5. Martin L. King, Jr.’s 1963 “March on Washington” was a massive non-violent

demonstration that helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation. Which of the

following quotes came out of that demonstration?

• A. “…a New Deal for the American people”• B. “…separate but equal is inherently unequal”• C. “I have a dream”• D. “…ask not what you can do for your • country…”

5. C“I have a dream”

“…a New Deal...” = FDR“separate but equal…unequal” = Brown v. Board of

Education of Topeka, Kansas“…ask not…” = John F. Kennedy

6. What law prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, or gender; it also

desegregated public accommodations (hotels and restaurants)?

• A. Civil Rights Act of 1964• B. The decision in the Brown case• C. The 14th amendment• D. Voting Rights Act of 1965

6. ACivil Rights Act of 1964

This question is almost always on the SOL test.

Desegregation of hotels and restaurants

Segregation = keeping the races apartIntegration and desegregation = mixing the races together

7. Which of the following does not apply to the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

• A. Outlawed the poll tax in federal elections• B. Outlawed literacy tests• C. Federal registrars were sent to the South to

register voters• D. The act resulted in an increase in African-

American voters

7. AOutlawed the poll tax in federal elections

The poll tax (a tax you have to pay in order to vote) was made illegal by a different law.

8. Who was the President of the U.S., who encouraged the passage of the Civil Rights Acts of

1964 and 1965?

• A. John Kennedy• B. Lyndon Johnson• C. Richard Nixon• D. Gerald Ford

8. BLyndon Johnson

Kennedy was not a powerful enough President to push through such laws.

Neither Nixon nor Ford were actively involved in major civil rights legislation.

9. The most important of the Black civil rights organizations is:

• A. ACLU and NCAA• B. Black Muslims• C. NAACP• D. UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement

Association)

9. CNAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

10. In the court case Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled against:

• A. Affirmative action• B. Desegregation• C. Integration• D. Segregation

10. DSegregation

Affirmative action = racial preference, in order to correct past discrimination

11. Martin L. King, Jr. tried to increase the American public’s awareness of the plight of civil

rights by:

• A. Using urban violence• B. Using civil disobedience and non-violence• C. Taking the problem to the United Nations• D. Confining his efforts to the South

11. BUsing civil disobedience and non-violence

King was influenced by the actions of Henry David Thoreau and Ghandi.

12. Which Amendment gave African-American males the right to suffrage?

• A. 13th• B. 14th• C. 15th• D. 19th

12. CFifteenth

13th amendment = freed the slaves14th amendment = Black citizenship and protected rights

19th = women’s suffrage

suffrage = right to vote

13. Discrimination is not limited to acts against African-Americans. Which ethnic group was

interned in concentration camps in America during the 1940’s?

• A. Chinese• B. Indians• C. Germans• D. Japanese

13. DJapanese-Americans

Although anger over the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the resultant distrust of Japanese-Americans were the main

reasons for sending Japanese-Americans to resettlement camps, racism was also a contributing factor.

This is the end of the SOL review of Civil Rights.