3M - Diskette Reference Manual - May83.pdf

8/17/2019 3M - Diskette Reference Manual - May83.pdf

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iskette

Referen e Manual


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DISKETTE REFERENCE MANUAL

INDEX

Ia

M

DISKETTE

PRODUCT

DESCRIPTION

CODES

• Page A

I INTRODUCTION

Page 1

I I

DISKETTE PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

Page

3

I I I

DISKETTE MANUFACTURING FLOW Page

11

IV

MAGNETIC RECORDING OF DISKETTES Page

13

V DISKETTE ARCHITECTURE AND FORMATS

Page 15

VI

PRODUCT

COMPATABILITY DETERMINATION Page 21

VII PROPER

USE

AND HANDLING

RECOMMENDATIONS

Page 33

VIII GLOSSARY

OF DISKETTE

AND COMPUTER

TERMS Page 37

Copyright

3M

1982

Effective

Date:

May 1

1983


3/45

Ia .

M DISKETTE

PRODUCT

DESCRIPTION CODES

SS SINGLE

SIDE

DS

DOUBLE

SIDE

SD

SINGLE DENSITY

DD

DOUBLE

DENSITY

32

32 SECTORS

R

REVERSI LE

W WP

WITH

WRITE

PROTECT

/F BYTE

FORMAT

i e : 128/F

RH

REINFORCED

HUB

10 10 SECTORS

16 16 SECTORS

-A-


4/45

I .

INTRODUCTION

Very simply,

a

d i ske t t e i s

a

s to rage device fo r

a

computer

system.

I t i s

used

to augment

the computer ' s memory

capac i ty . The

information

on d i s k e t t e s can

be

dele ted

and /or updated . The record ing process

i s

s imi la r to

audio

tape recording where sound waves of varying ampli tude

and

f r e q u ~ n y are recorded

on

magnetic t ape--but the re

the

analogy

ends.

In d i ske t t e

recording,

informat ion i s

d i g i t a l l y encoded on the magnet ic sur face using

soph i s t i c a t ed

techniques

much

d i f f e r e n t

than

t h a t

of

audio

recording. I t i s these record ing techniques and the

various parameters which a f f e c t

d i s k e t t e

s to rage

capac i ty

t h a t w i l l

be addressed

in t h i s manual.

Diske t t es a re cur ren t ly of fe red in

two

s izes an 8 (200

mm

ve rs ion , and

a 5

1/4 (130 mm mini-vers ion. The

dimensions

r e f e r

to

the

s ide

length

of the

square-shaped

j a cke t c a r t r idge ) with in which the c i r c u l a r recording d i s k

i s enclosed.

The f l ex ib l e d i s k e t t e c a r t r i d g e

i s i nse r t ed in to

a d i s k e t t e

dr ive

whose

func t ion i s

to

a) ro t a t e the media within the

j a ck e t , b)

wri te

informat ion

onto the di sk as

d ic ta ted

by

the

sys tem,

and

c)

read informat ion

back from

the

d i sk e t t e .

One

of

the main reasons t h a t

d i s k e t t e s

are

so

popular i s

t ha t

the

recorded

informat ion can

be accessed

r ead i ly .


5/45

he purpose

of t h i s

manual i s to provide

technica l

informat ion on d i ske t t e s . With t h i s knowledge you wi l l be

able

to

meet the

sa l es

and se rv ice

needs

of

almost

every

user of

d i ske t t e s .

2


6/45

I I . DISKETTE DESCRIPTION

All d i ske t t e s have

three major

components: the j a ck e t the

l i n e r and

the

media

i t s e l f .

The

fu l l

car t r idge

assembly

i s enclosed in

an

envelope to

p r o t ec t t

when

not in

use.

See Figure

1.

Figure

J CKET

III

MEDI

I . The j acke t i s made of polyvinyl

chlor ide

PVC). I t

pro tec t s the media

from

phys ica l damage caused by

handl ing

and s torage .

-3 -


7/45

There are var ious

holes ,

s lo t s , and notches punched

in

the j acke t (See Fig.

2 -

note t ha t jackets

pic tured

are

void of media) .

3M

t 1

Label

- - - - - - - ~ ' _ _ ? ~ . _ ~ ~ ; . _ ' ----

6 Head ccess Slot

r

7

Stress Relief

_ Notches

Figure

2

1.

Permanent

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n l abe l

- i de n t i f i e s d i s ke t t e ,

i t s usable

s ides ,

format ,

dens i ty ,

and product number.

2.

Drive

Spindle

Hole -

al lows the

dr ive clamping

mechanism and sp ind le access to

the media

for ro ta t ion

with in

the

j acke t .

3. Write

Enable

Notch (5 1/4 only)

-

This i s cur ren t ly

a

s tandard fea ture on

a l l

5

1/4 d i ske t t e s . In most

cases , i f

the

notch i s

uncovered,

the d i sk e t t e i s

wri te enabled. Informat ion can be wri t t en on the

surface when

the

notch i s

uncovered.

However,

there

are

some

systems t ha t use

the

opposi te

convent ion , and

st ll othe rs

who

ignore t e n t i r e ly .

-4 -


8/45

Again, the wri te enable notch i s standard on a l l 5

1/4

d i s ke t t e s and the way

it

i s used i s

d ic ta ted

by

the system.

4. Jacke t Index Hole an opening t ha t ,

when

a l igned with

an index

hole punched

in the media,

permits

the system

to s t a r t

the

r ead /wr i t e opera t i on .

The loca t ion o f

the index

ho le var ie s on

8

inch

(200

rom) d i s ke t t e s ,

so

it

can be used to help i de n t i fy

the

type

of

produc t

the

cus tomer

needs.

The

i n t en t

of the

OEM's in

placing

the j acke t index hole (s ) in d i f f e r e n t

loca t ions i s to

ensure

compa t ib i l i ty o f d i s ke t t e s with

the

hardware. As an example, a

s ing le

s i de / s i ng l e

dens i ty

d i s ke t t e

3M

SS-SD d iske t t e ) cannot func t ion on

a double

s ide/double

dens i ty

system.

Current ly ,

the

index hole loca t ion i s the same

for

a l l

5 1/4

(130

mm) d i s ke t t e s .

Figure 3

shows

the

var ious l oca t i ons of

the

index

hole

in d i f f e r en t

types

of j acke t s :

5. Write Pro tec t Notch

(8

only) This i s an op t iona l

physica l f ea tu re which i s

d i c t a t e d

by the system. Some

systems

manufacturers des ign

t h i s for di ske t t e s

whose

contents need

to

be pro tec ted ,

i.e. system

master

o r

program d i s ke t t e s .

I f the notch i s

uncovered,

the

-5 -


9/45

d i s k e t t e i s

wri te pro tec t ed .

The

contents

p rev ious ly

wri t t en on the d i sk e t t e

cannot

be a l t e red .

When

the

notch

i s

covered

by

a t ab ,

the informat ion

can be

changed

a t

any

t ime.

6. Head Access S lo t permi t s the

read/wri te

heads

of

the

dr ive to load on the

media

access the ind iv idua l

t racks on which the

da ta

i s contained and

to

perform

the ac tua l record ing

opera t ions .

This i s the most

important area

of the

d i ske t t e

j acke t .

7. St re s s

Rel ie f

Notches

d i s t r i bu t e

the fo rce of any

j acke t s t r e s s

near the head access

s l o t .

This

preven t s

damage

to

the media caused

by bending which

can r e s u l t

in degradat ion o f i t s s to rage

ab i l i t y .

-6 -


10/45

Figure 3

A. 5 1/4 (130 mm d i s k e t t e s

o

B. 8 (200

mm

d i s k e t t e s

D

c.

D

-7 -

The index hole

i s

l o ca t ed

a t

approximate ly

104° fo r ll

3M

5 ~

d i s k e t t e s .

The index hole fo r

3M SS-SD

and SS-DD

d i s k e t t e s i s

l o ca t ed

a t approximate ly 7° .

The index hole fo r

3M

DS DD

d i s k e t t e s

i s

l o ca t ed

a t

t

I

2.6.°

.

pprox1.ma e y


11/45

D

E

D

F.

Figure

3 cont . )

The

index

holes

fo r

M

SS-SO-R

and

SS-DO-R-l28/F

r ev e r s ib l e

d i sk e t t e s are

loca ted a t approximately

7°

on

each

s ide .

The index

holes

fo r M

OS-00-32 hard

sec to red

d i ske t t e s

are

7° and 26°.

The

index

hole for the M

Vydec

compat ib le

d i sk e t t e

i s

loca ted a t approximately

225°. Also

not i ce the

ex t ra notch

in

the

lower

l e f t

corner of the

j acke t .

-8 -


12/45

I I .

Liner

The

l i n e r ins ide the j a cke t car t r idge i s a

spec ia l -purpose ,

non-woven,

high ly -durab le

f ab r ic .

I t

i s

laminated

to

the

PVC

p r i o r to fo ld ing. As the media ro ta t es with in the

j acke t , the

l i n e r mater ia l cont inua l ly

c leans the disk

by

removing

debr is

from the sur face of the media. The

smal les t amount of

debr is

can grea t ly reduce

a d i s k e t t e s

ab i l i t y to record / read p roper ly . The l i n e r a l so prov ides a

sur face which al lows uniform torque and ro ta t iona l

speed.

I I I .

Media

The media

i t s e l f

i s the magnet ic recording

mate r i a l

cons i s t ing

o f a polye thy lene t e reph tha la t e

PET)

s u b s t r a t e

and

unor ien ted i ron

oxide and

binder

dispers ion

on

both

s ides . The nominal subs t ra te

th ickness

i s 0.003 inches

0.076

mm

and

the

nominal

oxide

coat ing

th ickness

110

microinches 0.00279 mm .

-9 -


13/45


14/45

I I

I .

MANUFACTURING

FLOW

igure 4 shows the flow

of

even ts and the process t ha t i s

followed dur ing the manufactur ing of a d i ske t t e .

Throughout

t h i s process the re are

numerous

mechanical and e l e c t r i c a l

t e s t s / con t ro l s

tha t must

be

s a t i s f i ed to produce a qua l i t y

product .

Media

Substrate in

stock

roll

Stock roll coated

on both sides

with iron oxide

and binder

dispersion

Coated stock

roll slit

©

Punched to

appropriate size

and configuration

Burnish

Process

Q

®

. . . . 1

Ship

igure 4

Jacket

Jacket material

in stock form

®

Cut to

appropriate

jacket size

®

o

Laminated with

lined material

Punched to

appropriate

hole

configuration

®

Three way folded

CD

Top left open


15/45


16/45

IV.

M GNETIC

RECORDING

OF DISKETTES

In

bas ic

te rms, any d i g i t a l magnetic

recording i s

accomplished

by

the magnet izat ion

o f

minute

areas

on

the

sur face of

a

d i s ke t t e .

See Figure 5.)

SUBSTR TE

MOTION

WINDINGS

CORE

OXIDE

CO TING

OXIDE

CO TING

Figure

CROSS

SECTION OF

DISKETTE

A

cu r ren t in the c o i l of

a

r ead /wr i t e head elect romagnet)

induces

a

magnetic f i e l d through

the

core

and

across the gap.

The l i nes

of fo rce , o r

magnet ic

f lux ,

take the most

conduct ive path across the gap in the head, which i s the

magnet ic sur face of the di ske t t e .

The

oxide

coa t ing

becomes

magnetized

and

remains

so

a f t e r

the d i s ke t t e leaves the

f i e l d

of the r ead /wr i t e head.

-13 -


17/45

Now,

reverse the

process

and pass

the same

por t ion of

the

d i s k e t t e

under

the

head.

The magnet izat ion

of t h i s sec t ion

i s

sensed

by

the

record head and a cur ren t i s induced in the

core windings. This i s how the system reads

back

s igna l s

prev ious ly

recorded

on the surface .

The cap ab i l i t y now e x i s t s through a

host

of e l ec t r o n i c

cont ro l

devices of

wri t ing and

reading a se r i e s of these

minute magnetized

areas .

Let t

be

assumed t h a t the presence

of

a magnetized

area rep re sen t s

a log ica l

1 and the absence

of such an

area represents

a log ica l 0 . These log ica l

l ' s and O'S are r e fe r red

to

as b i t s . n e igh t -b i t

combination i s ca l l ed a byte . These bytes are d i r e c t ly

t rans la t ab le to l e t t e r s ,

charac te r s ,

and

numbers.

For i ns t ance , assume during

a

read opera t ion the dr ive

head

sensed

the f lux pa t te rn o f

0-1-0-0-0-0-0-1 . This

corresponds

to a

unique

pa t te rn of l i s

and

O's

recognized

by a system

as

the l e t t e r A (In ASCII code) .

Density r e l a t e s to

the

number o f b i t s - that can be recorded

in

a

given

l eng th

of

a

t rack .

Therefore , a

double-densi ty

d i ske t t e

s to r e s

twice the amount of information as a

s ing le -dens i ty .

Double-densi ty

media

must

be more

r e l i a b l e

than s ing le -dens i ty

media

because c r i t i c a l

informat ion i s

recorded on

a

smal le r a rea o f

the

d i ske t t e .

-14-


18/45

v DISKETTE ARCHITECTURE AND

FORMATS

The

informat ion s tored in

a

di ske t t e i s organized by

addressable

loca t ions . These

l oca t i ons are des igna ted by

a

t r ack

and

sec to r

number.

The record ing

surface

of a

d i s ke t t e

i s

s imi l a r to

a

p ie cu t

up in to

evenly-spaced

se c t i o n s o r

s e c t o r s

and concent r ic

r ings

for

t r acks . The da ta i s

searched t r a c k b y ~ t r a c k

and then recorded or read se r i a l l y on

a spec i f i c t r ack .

Tracks

on

a

d i s ke t t e

are sequen t i a l ly

numbered,

s t a r t i ng from

the

ou t s ide d iameter (00)

and

going

to the

i n s ide d iameter

( ID) . Track

0 i s

the outermost

t rack

on a l l di ske t t e s with

higher number t r acks being found a t i n s ide diameter .

Reference

Figure 7.

Note:

Disket te d r ive

manufac tu rers

have

recognized

an

oppor tuni

ty to

i nc rease d i s ke t t e reco.rding capac i ty by

i nc reas ing

the

number of t r acks on the record ing su r face .

These

produc ts are

r e f e r r e d

to

as

96 TPI

o r Quad-densi ty .

They

have double

the

number o f t r acks

per

inch (TPI) as

s tandard d i s ke t t e s . The SS-DD-RH,

DS DD RH d i s ke t t e s

and

a l l 8 d i s ke t t e s are recorded

a t

48

TPI.

-15-


19/45

LOWEST ORDER TRACK

TRACK 0

51/l

8

HIGHEST ORDER TRACK

TRACK 76

8

TRACK 39 5114

8

TPI

TRACK 79 5114 96 TPI

Figure 7

The data on

each

t rack of a

d i s k e t t e

i s s tored in sec to rs .

A

50f t s ec to red d i ske t t e

i s

one whose sec to r boundar ies are

determined

by

spec i f i c b i t

p a t t e r n s

recorded on the media

These spec i f i c b i t

p a t t e r n s

combine to form the

ID

area and

def ine

the

se c t o r

boundaries The hard sec tored d i ske t t e

boundar ies are determined by holes punched in the

media

16


20/45

INDEX

HOLE

HIGHEST

ORDER TR CK

INDEX

HOLE

SOFT

SECTOR

DISKETTE

H RD SECTOR

SOFT SECTOR

igure

7


21/45

All d i sk e t t e s hard

o r

s o f t

sec to red

have

one

index hole

punched in the media. This index hole ac t s as a clocking o r

t iming

device between the spinning media

and

the

d i ske t t e

dr ive .

One hard-sec to red conf igura t ion 32 hole plus one) e x i s t s fo r 8

inch 200

mm

d i ske t t e s . 5 1/4

inch 130 mm

d i ske t t e s are

cur ren t ly

ava i l ab le in

two

ha rd-sec to r conf igura t ions .

These

are 10 plus one and 16 plus one. Figure 9 shows

the cu r r en t l y

ava i lab le hard

and

s o f t - s ec to r ed

d i sk e t t e s .

o

8 Inch

Soft Sector

1 Index Hole

8 Inch

Hard Sectored

32 Sector Holes

1 Index Hole

8 Inch

3MVydec

Compatible

3 Sector Holes

Index Hole

Figure 9

-18-

5

/4 Inch

Soft Sector

Index Hole

5

/4 Inch

Hard Sector

1 Sector Holes

1 Index Hole

5 4

Inch

Hard Sector

16 Sector Holes

1 Index Hole


22/45

Before a d i ske t t e both

hard and

s o f t sectored can be used

on

a

system,

t must

be

format ted and i n i t i a l i zed .

Before i n i t i a l i z a t i o n , a d i sk e t t e must be format ted .

format ted d i sk e t t e has

sec to r address

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ID)

informat ion wri t t en

on

the surface ,

and

space

has

been a l lo t t e d

for

the data

f i e ld . Formatt ing i s

done by the manufacturer .

At

t imes

t can be done by the customer on the system.

I n i t i a l i z a t i o n i s

the p rocess o f

prepar ing a format ted

d i sk e t t e

fo r

system

use . This process

i de n t i f i e s

the

spec i f i c

use

for

the d i ske t t e .

pre-programmed

d i sk e t t e i s a d i ske t t e tha t has a l ready

been

fo rmat ted ,

i n i t i a l i z e d and has spec i f i c da ta wri t ten in

the

da ta f i e ld por t ions of

the

sec to rs . This data i s then read by

the system and

prompts

e i the r

the

system or the opera to r to

perform a ce r t a in t a sk . Examples of these kinds of d i ske t t e s

are

se l f - t each ing

a ids and spec i f i c func t ions ,

such

as

account ing and inventory con t ro l .

-19-


23/45


24/45

VI

PRODUCT

COMPATIBILITY DETERMINATION

I t

i s

important to ensure t ha t the proper M

d i s k e t t e

i s

recommended

for

use

on

a

cus tomer s

sys tem

Diske t t e d r ive

manufacturers have designed d r i v es which requ i re

a

wide

range o f d i s k e t t e conf igura t ions

and formats

This

sec t ion

provides the fo l lowing:

A A s t ep -by-s t ep method o f determining

d i sk e t t e /

hardware compatab i l i ty .

B

A

l st of the ava i l ab le M d i sk e t t e s .

c

A

sys temat ic approach to analyze

and

so lve

cus tomer

problems

-21-


25/45


26/45

Diskette Compatibility

I. What is the system manufacturer (OEM) and model number?

Refer

to

3M diskette cross reference/compatibility list and recommend proper

product.

II.

What is the diskette you are currently using, name and part number?

Refer

to

3M diskette competitive cross reference list and recommend proper

product.

If no 3M product can be recommended, ask the customer the following ques

tions

to determine physical compatibility:

III. If the customer uses

8

diskettes,

Size

8

Diskettes

Recording

Surface

Single

Recording

Surface

Dual

Recording

Surface

Density

Single

Density

Double

Density

Single

Density

Double

Density

Sectoring

Soft

Hard

Soft

Hard

Soft

Hard

Soft

Hard

• A

Write

Protect

Notch

is

located

in lower right corner

of

jacket.

IV.

If the customer uses

5-1/4

diskettes,

Diskette

SS-SO

SS-SO-32

SS-OO-W/wP*

SS-00-128F

SS-00-32*

O S ~ O

OS-00-32*

Size

Recording

Surface

Density

TPI

Number of

Sector

Holes

Diskette

0

Single

Single/

48 TPI

10

16

Recording

Double

Surface

Density

0

96 TPI

10

51/4

16

Diskettes

0

Dual

48 TPI 10

Double

16

Recording

Density

Surface

0

96 TPI 10

16

All 5

1

/4 Diskettes have a write enable notch located in the upper right hand corner of the jacket.

A reinforced hub is available on all 5114 Diskettes.

*The SS-DD-RH is compatible with single

and

double density drives.

3

SS-OD-RH

SS-DD-10RH*

SS-DD-16RH*

SS-DD-96TPI-RH

SS-DD-96TPI-10RH

SS-DD-96TPI-16RH

DS-DD-RH

DS-DD-10RH

DS-DD-16RH

DS-DD-96TPI-RH

DS-DD-96TPI-10RH

DS-DD-96TPI-16RH


27/45

v

M o

B.

3M DISKETTE PRODUCT LIST

(8 )

Product Available Sec to r /

Byte/

Tracks/

Usable Capaci ty

Format

Track Sector

Side

Sides

Densi ty

Unformatted

Format ted

Vydec

Compatib le 32 128

77 1 SINGLE

305K (F)

400K

(U)

SS-SD 26 x

128

26

128

77

1

SINGLE

246K

(F)

400K (U)

Wang Compatib le

32

77

1

SINGLE 400K

SS-SD-32RH

SS-SD-32

32

77

1 SINGLE

400K

SS-SD-R

26 x 128

26

128

77 2

SINGLE

492K

(F)

800K

(U)

CPT

6000-8000

16

x 256 16

256

77

1

SINGLE

303K (F)

Compatib le

400K

(U)

SS-DD-W/WP

77

1

DOUBLE

800K

SS-DD-128/F 26

x 128

26

128

77 1 DOUBLE

492K (F)

800K (U)

SS-DD-32

32

77

1 DOUBLE

800K

SS-DD-R-128/F

26

x

128

26

128

77 2 DOUBLE

q84K

(F)

l600K (U)

DS-DD*

77

2

DOUBLE

DS-DD-I024/F

8 x

1024 8

1024

77 2

DOUBLE

1212K

(F)

1500K (U)

DS-DD-32

32 77 2 DOUBLE

l600K

*MAY BE FORMATTED TO ANY BYTE CONFIGURATION

(IE

256, 512 AND 1024).

Write /

(U)

Pro tec t

Comments

(F)

OPTIONAL

A HARD SECTOR DISKETTE

WITH THE SECTOR HOLES

ON

THE 0 0 GENERAL

USE FOR WORD PROCESSOR

SYSTEMS.

OPTIONAL

A SINGLE SIDE, SINGLE

DENSITY 8 DISKETTE.

YES

REINFORCED HUB.

YES

A HARD SECTOR SS-SD.

NO

A REVERSIBLE SS-SD.

HAS

2 INDEX HOLES IN

THE JACKET.

YES

FOR USE

WITH CPT WORD

PROCESSING SYSTEMS.

YES

A SINGLE SIDED, DOUBLE

DENSITY

DISKETTE.

NO

A SINGLE SIDED,

DOUBLE

DENSITY 8 DISKETTE

FOR

USE ON DEC SYSTEMS.

FORMAT IS SINGLE DEN-

SITY.

DATA

IS

DOUBLE

DENSITY.

YES

A

HARD S E T O ~ SS-DD-W/WP.

NO

A REVERSIBLE SS-DD-W/WP.

FOR USE ON DEC

SYSTEMS

(SEE ABOVE .

HAS

2

INDEX HOLES IN THE

JACKET.

OPTIONAL

A

DOUBLE

DENSITY

DOUBLE

SIDED DISKETTE.

YES

A HARD SECTOR OS-DO.


28/45

I

I V

U

I

Product

Available Sec to r / Byte/

#

Format

Track

Sec to r

APPLE FILEWARE

SOFT*

COMPATIBLE

DS-DD-RH

SOFT

DS-DD-10RH

10

DS-DD-16RH

16

SS-DD-RH

SOFT

SS-DD-10RH

10

SS-DD-16RH

16

SS-DD-96TPI-RH

SOFT

SS-DD-96TPI-10RH

10

SS-DD-96TPI-16RH

16

DS-DD-96TPI-RH

SOFT

DS-DD-96TPI-10RH

10

DS-DD-96TPI-16RH

16

*Has two

head

access

s lo t s

No

index hole

3M DISKETTE PRODUCT LIST ( 5 ~ )

Tracks / Usable

Side Sides

46 2

40

2

40

2

40

2

40

1

40

1

40 1

80 1

80 1

80

1

80 2

80

2

80 2

Capaci ty

Densi ty

Unformatted (U)

Formatted (F)

HIGH 871K

DOUBLE 500K

DOUBLE

500K

DOUBLE

500K

DOUBLE 250K

DOUBLE

250K

DOUBLE 250K

DOUBLE 500K

DOUBLE

500K

DOUBLE

500K

DOUBLE

1 OM

DOUBLE

1 OM

DOUBLE

1

OM

UOneUIWJataa

Atmqetedwo > t >npOJd

r.;rrite/

Enable

Comments

YES

FOR

USE ON APPLE COM

PUTER S UNIFILE

AND

DUOFILE' DISKETTE

DRIVES AND APPLE LISA'

COMPUTER SYSTEMS.

YES

YES A HARD SECTOR

DS-DD-RH.

YES

A

HARD

SECTOR DS-DD-RH.

YES A SINGLE

SIDED,

DOUBLE

DENSITY

SS-DD-RH.

YES

YES

YES

A SINGLE SIDED

96TPI

DISKETTE.

YES

A HARD SECTOR

SS-DD-96TPI-RH.

YES

A

HARD

SECTOR

SS-DD-96TPI-RH.

YES

A DOUBLE SIDED

96TPI

DISKETTE.

YES

A HARD SECTOR

DS-DD-96TPI-RH.

YES

A

HARD

SECTOR

DS-DD-96TPI-RH.


29/45

N

0 1

GENERAL CATEGORIZATION - 1M BRAND

1. 8-INCH

DISKETTES - SOFT SECTOR

A.

SS-SD's

ARE SINGLE SIDED AND SINGLE DENSITY UNLESS FOLLOWED BY A

/2

WHICH INDICATES A REVERSIBLE

2 USABLE SIDES).

B.

SS-DD's ARE

SINGLE SIDED

AND DOUBLE

DENSITY UNLESS

FOLLOWED BY

A

/2 WHICH

INDICATES A REVERSIBLE

(2 USABLE

SIDES).

C.

DS-DD's

ARE DOUBLE

SIDED

AND DOUBLE

DENSITY.

2.

8-INCH

DISKETTES -

HARD SECTORED

A.

SS-SD'S,

SS-DD's AND DS-DD's HAVE 32 SECTOR HOLES PUNCHED

NEAR

THE

I D

FOR SECTOR BOUNDARY

B. VYDEC

COMPATIBLE DISKETTES HAVE

32

SECTOR HOLES

PUNCHED NEAR

THE O.D. FOR SECTOR BOUNDARY

AND ARE

USED

ONLY ON

VYDEC

SYSTEMS.

3.

DISKETTES - SOFT SECTOR

A. SS-DD-RH's ARE

SINGLE SIDED

AND DOUBLE

DENSITY.

B.

DS-DD-RH's ARE DOUBLE SIDED AND DOUBLE DENSITY.

C.

SS-DD-96TPI-RH's

ARE

SINGLE SIDED AND

DOUBLE

DENSITY FOR 96

TPI

APPLICATIONS.

D.

DS-DD-96TPI-RH's ARE DOUBLE

SIDED

AND DOUBLE

DENSITY FOR 96

TPI

APPLICATIONS.

4.

DISKETTES -

HARD

SECTORED

A. SS-DD-RH's, DS-DD-RH's, SS-DD-96TPI-RH's and DS-DD-96TPI-RH's ARE

AVAILABLE IN

10

or 16

SECTOR

HOLES

PUNCHED

IN

THE I .D.

FOR SECTOR

BOUNDARY


30/45

C.

CUSTOMER

PRO LEM

N LYSIS

This sec t ion

rev iews methods of handl ing some

of

the

most

common

customer

complaints .

One of

the f i r s t p r i o r i t i e s to

handl ing a customer

complaint

i s

to

a t tempt to i so l a t e the

problem

to media

or

hardware.

Ask

the

customer

the fol lowing

ques t ions :

Is

the problem repea tab le on

the same

dr ive?

Can

the problem be

dupl icated

on

othe r

dr ives?

Is

the

same

type

of

fa i lu re

occurr ing

cons i s t en t ly?

Can

the mode o f f a i l u re

be loca l ized

on the

d i ske t t e

to

t r a ck s s ec to r s

o r addresses?

I f the answers to any

of these

ques t ions i s no

the re

may

be a hardware problem. Recommend

tha t

the customer

con tac t h is equipment

rep re sen ta t ive fo r se rv ice .

Uncovering

t h i s

informat ion

wi l l

enable

you

to

provide

quick and

e f f i c i e n t se rvice

to the customer .

I f

you

cannot

i s o l a t e

the problem based on those

ques t ions t h i s

sec t ion

contains

some sugges t ions

on how

to

e f fec t ive ly

t roub leshoo t

customer

complaints .

In

t h i s

s ec t i o n

the fol lowing

symptoms

are d i scussed :

1. After

in se r t ing the d i sk e t t e the

dr ive

w i l l not

become

ready.

2.

The customer can

read

but not wri te .

-27-


31/45

3.

The

customer

can

wri t e

but not

read

back the

da ta a t

a

l a t e r

t ime.

4. While

re fo rmat t ing a d i s ke t t e ,

the

customer

encounters wri te e r ro r s .

1. Symptom: AFTER INSERTING THE DISKETTE THE DRIVE

WILL NOT BECOME READY

Correc t ive Action:

a .

Veri fy produc t

compatab i l i ty .

b. Check t o r damage

by

examining the d i sk e t t e

through the head access

s l o t and

in the

cen te rho le

area .

Poin t out the damage and

i s o l a t e

the

source

t ha t caused

the

damage.

c. Have the customer a t tempt to

do

a read

c e r t i f i c a t i on

of

the

d i sk e t t e . This

wi l l

ind ica te i f one

or

a l l t r a cks cannot be read. I f

none of

the

t racks

can be

read,

the

format

on the

d i ske t t e

may

have been des t royed . Reformat the

d i s ke t t e , i f poss ib le .

d. Consul t dr ive maintenance personnel to

examine

d i ske t t e dr ive

index

sens ing dev ice .

-28-


32/45

2. Symptom: THE CUSTOMER C N RE D BUT NOT

WRITE


a .

Examine the d i ske t t e to ensure t i s not

wri te -p ro tec ted .

Remember, when

an 8 d i sk e t t e

has the wri t e pro tec t notch uncovered, the

in fo rmat ion

cannot

be a l t e r e d

or

w r i t t en

over .

The 5 1/4 d i sk e t t e i s wri t e p ro tec t ed

only

when

the wri t e enab le

notch

i s

covered.

3.

Symptom:

THE CUSTOMER C N

WRITE

BUT

NOT

RE D

B CK

THE

D T T

A L TER TIME


a .

Check

the

d i ske t t e

fo r

phys ica l

damage on

the

record ing sur face and a t the hub

cente rhole .

b. Have

the

customer perform a read c e r t i f i c a t i on

on the d i sk e t t e . This

h e ~ s a l l

the

data and

address f i e l d s fo r

e r r o r s

without

dest roying

the

recorded da ta . Record the fa i l ing address of

each

e r ro r

encountered

during the read c e r t i f i c a t i o n .

I f only data f i e ld er ro r s are encountered, t h i s i s

a good i nd ica t ion t ha t the dr ive i s not proper ly

wri t ing

informat ion on

the

d i ske t t e .

I f

address

f i e ld e r ro rs are encountered, there

may

be an

al ignment

problem on the dr ive

o r a

dr ive

-29-


33/45

malfunct ion. At t h i s p o in t , consu l t the

dr ive

maintenance

personnel . I f the read

c e r t i f i c a t i o n de tec t s

read

er ro r s

on the

high-numbered

t racks

which

are

c lo s e s t

to

t he

inner diameter o f the media, have the

dr ive

maintenance

personnel examine the dr ive fo r

proper head load pressure pad force and pressure

pad

cond i t ion .

Excessively worn pressure

pads

w i l l

r e s u l t

in

read e r ro r s .

c .

Have

the

dr ive maintenance personnel examine the

d r i v e fo r proper head al ignment .

d.

Have the

dr ive

maintenance

personne l examine

the

d r i v e fo r proper

e l ec t r o n i c c a l i b r a t i o n

( t h i s

inc ludes

l og ic

l ev e l s

in the power supp l i e s ,

e l e c t r i c a l

response

from

the

dr ive

head,

and

wri te

cu r r en t s ) .

4. Symptom: WHILE REFORMATTING A DISKETTE THE USTOMER

EN OUNTERS

WRITE ERRORS.


a . Examine the

d i s k e t t e

for phys ica l damage t h a t

could

cause wri te

e r ro rs .

b.

Have

the

cus tomer

ass ign an a l t e rn a t e t r a ck when

poss ib l e .

-30-


34/45

c . Have the dr ive

maintenance personnel examine the

dr ive fo r proper head

load

pressure pad

force

pad cond i t ion and head c lean l ines s .

I f the

problem

con t inues

3M s Customer

Qual i ty Engineers

should be

consul ted .

-31-


35/45


36/45

VII. PROPER

USE ND H NDLING RECOMMEND TIONS

A

Proper

care and

handl ing of

a

d i ske t t e

can

e l imina te

damaged

d i ske t t e s

and l o s t

data .

1.

Refrain

from smoking ea t ing or drinking when

handl ing

a

d i sk e t t e

to

keep

from

contaminat ing

the media surface .

2. Never allow the d i ske t t e

to be

placed near

a

magnetic f i e ld crea ted

from objects

such

as

magnets e l e c t r i c

motors

t ransformers e tc .

Contact

with

these objec ts could and

probably

w i l l

r e su l t

in a lo s s of da ta .

3.

Do

not bend o r fo ld a d i ske t t e . This w i l l

r e su l t

in damage to the media such as

an

indenta t ion

and head

to

media

contac t

wi l l

be

degraded. This

in

tu rn wi l l

cause a

lo s s of

data

during

a

read

opera t ion .

4. Never

use

paper

c l ips

o r rubber bands

on a

d i ske t t e . This could cause j acke t and/or

media

damage

resu l t ing

in poss ib le opera t ion

fa i lure .

5.

Do not

touch o r

a t tempt

to

clean the media

exposed

by

the j acke t openings. This

could

r e su l t in media

contaminat ion

and poss ib le

system

fa i lure .

-33-


37/45

6. Never al low

a

d i ske t t e

to

be exposed to

excss ive

hea t grea te r than

1250

52

»

o r

d i r e c t sun l igh t . This can cause d i s t o r t i o n

in

the

PV

j acke t and, thus , may r e s u l t in da ta

lo s s due to head conformance

problems.

Expansion o r

con t rac t ion

of

the media

r e s u l t s

in

performance

degradat ion.

7. Never

place

heavy objec t s on a

d i s ke t t e .

Heavy objec t s

could e i the r bow

the

j acke t or

cause permanent damage to

the

media.

8.

Whenever a

wri te -on label

i s

fu l l , rep lace t

with a new one. Never

s tack

these l abe l s on

top

of each o ther , as

eventua l ly

the

d i ske t t e

th ickness

could be such t h a t

dr ive

in se r t ion

problems could

r e su l t .

9.

Never

t r y

to e rase

informat ion

wri t t en on the

wri te-on

l abe l as the erase r

debr is could ge t

in to the d i sk e t t e and

could lead to

d i sk e t t e

and/or

dr ive

damage.

10. Use only

a

s o f t f e l t - t i p pen

to wri te

on the

l abe l s . Inden ta t ions

could

r e s u l t

from

ba l lpo in t pens o r penc i l s and

r e su l t

in read

e r ro r s .

-34-


38/45

B. The

proper

environment

for di ske t t e

opera t ion

and

s torage wil l enhance performance.

1. Operating

and s torage

temperature range:

48TPI:

sOOF

to 125

0

--lOoC to s2

0

C)

96TPI: sooF to

115

0

--lOoC to 46

0

C

2. Operating and s torage r e l a t i ve humidity range:

48TPI: 8 to 80 RH -

Wet Bulb l e s s than

85

F

96TPI:

20

to

80

RH

-

Wet

Bulb

l e s s

than

80

F

3. Test Environment:

4.

Temperature Range: 75

0

+ 50F

22.8

0

+

2.8

0

C

Relat ive

Humidity Range:

40

to

60

hours of accl imat iza t ion

Transpor ta t ion :

Temperature

Range: -40

0

F

to 125

0

F

-40

0

to

51.6

0

C)

a f t e r

Relat ive Humidity Range:

8 to

90

with no

condensation al lowed.

35

24


39/45


40/45

VIII . GLOSSARY OF

DISKETTE

AND COMPUTER

TERMS

Address

Basic

B i t

Block

BPI

Byte

CPU

Character

CRT

Digi t a l

The

l oca t ion o f any phys ica l record

on

the

d i sk e t t e ,

spec i f i ed

by

the

cy l inde r number head number and

record number.

Beginner ' s a l l -purpose symbol ic

i n s t r u c t i o n code the most popular

personal computer

programming

language.

Smal les t u n i t of data s to rage

represents

e i t h e r

a I o r a O

A

s e t o f ad jacen t log ica l records

recorded

as

a

un i t .

Bi t s

per inch

8

b i t s , the amount of s to rage needed

fo r

I

cha rac te r .

Cent ra l

Process ing Unit , con t ro l s

pe r iphe ra l devices and s to r e s

program

i n s t r u c t i o n s .

This i s the b ra ins o f

the

computer.

A

s ing le l e t t e r o r number.

Cathode

Ray

Tube

the

di sp lay

screen

fo r computers.

Of or r e l a t i n g to da ta

in

the form

o f

numer ical d i g i t s .

-37-


41/45

Direc t o r

Random

Access

Dropin

Dropout

Extra Pulse

Fi le

Flag

Hard Error

I .

D.

I /O

Device

Index Cyl inder

Made

poss ib l e

by ro ta t ing d i sks . The

system

can go

d i r e c t ly to

d a t a withou t

reading unwanted da ta .

See Extra Pulse

See Missing Pulse

Any

Magnet ic

pul se , usua l ly s ing l e ,

which remains

a f t e r

a

data

group

o r

st ream has

been

erased.

Groups

of

r e l a t ed

records

s tored

toge ther .

A term

used

to

descr ibe a t r a ck on a

d i ske t t e tha t i s unusable :

a

f lagged t r a ck i s one

t h a t

the

computer wi l l

not

access .

n

e r ro r t h a t i s repea tab le in

the

same t rack and

sec to r

l oca t ion .

Inner Diameter

(Input /Output) Any device used

to

en te r

o r re t r i eve

data

from

a computer

(Examples:

d i ske t t e

dr ives , CRT s,

p r i n t e r s )

•

Cylinder 00.

This cyl inder

i s used

to

s to r e

in fo rmat ion

about

the con ten t s

o f

the

d i s ke t t e .

-38-


42/45

In i t i a l i za t i on

Magnetic Flux

Magnetic Head

Microcomputer

Missing Pulse

O

OEM

Operating System

Pasca l

Pressure Pad

The process

of

wri t ing the

addresses ,

index

cy l inde r

in fo rmat ion , and othe r

system information on the d i ske t t e .

In i t i a l i za t i on

i s

a l so

used

to

ass ign

a l t e rn a t e t r a c k s . )

Lines

of

force

used

to represent

magnetic induct ion.

A smal l electromagnet used fo r

reading, recording, or

eras ing on

a

magnetic

su r face .

Also

personal computer ,

a

computer

based on

a microprocessor

chip .

The

absence of a pulse where one

was expected.

Outer Diameter

Orig ina l Equipment Manufacturer

The sof tware in s t ruc t ions used

to

con t ro l

the

work

of

a

computer.

A

programming

language

fo r

persona l

computers.

Par t of

read /wr i t e

head assembly fo r

s ing le - s ided d i sk e t t e sys tems.

Located

on

s ide

I unused) ,

t

prov ides suppor t

to a

d i s k e t t e

fo r

good s ide 0

head

to

media

con tac t .

-39-


43/45

Program

Reten t iv i ty

Revers ib le

Read

Secto r

Sof t

Error

Sof tware

The i n s t ru c t i o n s

e i t h e r

wri t t en by

the user o r purchased ready to run

t ha t t e l l the

computer

how

to perform

a

given t a sk .

The

capac i ty of

r e ta in ing

a

magnet ic

f i e ld

a f t e r

the magnet iz ing fo rce

has

been

removed.

Can be recorded on both s ide s by

removing

the d i s k e t t e

and tu rn ing t

over

to

record

on

the

reverse

s ide .

The

process

of

sensing

the

magnet ic

f i e l d s on the d i s k e t t e record ing

sur face and convert ing them

i n to

machine-usable code.

The

addressable uni t s i n to which each

t rack i s divided.

Errors t h a t are non-repeatable . These

types

of

e r r o r s

are

caused by debr is

on

the d i ske t t e sur face o r a re induced

by the sys tem.

A

term given

to

those i n s t ru c t i o n s

wri t t en

in programming l anguage t ha t

t e l l

the

computer system

how to

opera te

and

process

da ta .

-40-


44/45


45/45

Documents

3M - Diskette Reference Manual - May83.pdf