3D printing or printer

7/21/2019 3D printing or printer

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ON

BY: PARITOSHUnder Guidence ofMr. Ravindra Ram


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1. INTRODUCTION TO THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING

2. HISTORY OF THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING

3. GENERAL PRINCIPLE USED

4. TERMINOLOGY

5. PROCESS/TECHNIQUES INVOLVED


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6. TYPES OF PRINTERS

7. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF THREE DIMENSIO

PRINTING

8. APPLICATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING

9. FUTURE OF THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINITING

10. CONCLUSION


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Printing is a process of reproducing text and ima

master form of templates.

3D PRINTING is any of various processes fo

a three-dimensional object of almost any shape f

model or other electronic data source

through additive processes in which successive

material are laid down under computer control.


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The technology for printing physical 3D objects frdata was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984.

He named the technique stereolithography and o

patent for the technique in 1986.

The same year, he founded 3D Systems and develope

commercial 3D Printing machine.


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Charles Hull

in front of t

printer, the SL

He was also k

the FATHER

PRINTING.


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The term 3D Printerwas not used by that tim

machine was known as the Stereolithography ap

Because the technology was so new, 3D

delivered the first version of the machine to o

selected customers.


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In 1990, the plastic extrusion technology most widely associa

term "3D printing" was commercialized by Stratasys namefused deposition modelling(FDM).

In 1995, Z Corporation commercialized an MIT-develop

process under the trademark3D printing

(3DP), referring at t

proprietary process inkjet deposition of liquid binder on powd


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TERMINOLOGY

Additive manufacturing :- It is a process that creates sequential layering.

Subtractive manufacturing :- It is a process of removal of

material done for analysis.


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1. MODELLING

3D printable models may be created with a computer a

package or via 3D scanner.

The manual modeling process of preparing geometric d

computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting.

3D scanning is a process of analyzing and collecting data of re

shape and appearance and builds digital, three dimensional m


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2. PRINTING

To perform a print, the machine reads the desig

printable file Stereolithography (STL file).

It lays down successive layers of liquid, powder, pap

material to build the model from a series of cross sect

These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross se

the CAD model, are joined or automatically fused to

final shape.


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3. FINISHING

Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficienapplications, printing a slightly oversized version of

object in standard resolution and then removing mat

higher-resolution subtractive process can achie

precision.

Supports are removable or dissolvable upon comple

print, and are used to support overhanging featu

construction.


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3D MODEL SLICING


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Working of three

printer is basedprinciple used.


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Additive manufacturing involves following processes to per

printing :-

Extrusion deposition (Fused deposition modeling)

Granular materials binding

Lamination

Photopolymerization

Mask-image-projection-based stereolithography


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Extrusion deposition (fused deposition modellin

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive mtechnology commonly used for modeling, proto

production applications

FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying dowlayers; a plastic filament or metal wire is unwound fro

supplies material to produce a part.


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Various polymers are used

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS).

Polycarbonate (PC).

Polylactic Acid (PLA).

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).

PC/ABS.

Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU).


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1 nozzle ejecting m

2 deposited mat

part)

3 controlled mova


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The technique fuses parts of the layer, and then working area downwards, adding another layer of gr

repeating the process until the piece has built up.

This process uses the unfused media to support ove

thin walls in the part being produced.

A laser is typically used to sinter the media into a solid


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Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) --- uses lasers as its power

sinter powdered material, binding it together to create a solid

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) -- uses 3D CAD data as

information source and energy in the form of a high powere

create three-dimensional metal parts by fusing fine metalli

together.

Electron beam melting (EBM) -- EBM manufactures parts

metal powder layer by layer with an electron beam in a high v


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Sheet is adhered to a substrate with a heated roller.

Laser traces desired dimensions of prototype.

Laser cross hatches non-part area to facilitate waste removal.

Platform with completed layer moves down out of the way.

Fresh sheet of material is rolled into position.

Platform moves up into position to receive next layer.

The process is repeated.


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1. Foil su

2. Heate

3. Laser b

4. Scann

5. Laser u

6. Layers

7. Movin

8. Waste


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Photopolymerization is primarily used in stereolithography (S

a solid part from a liquid.

In Digital Light Processing (DLP), a vat of liquid polymer is exp

from a DLP projector under safelight conditions. The exposed

polymer hardens.

The build plate then moves down in small increments and the

polymer is again exposed to light.


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Stereolithography Apparatus


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In this technique a 3D digital model is sliced by a set of hoplanes.

Each slice is converted into a two-dimensional mask imag

The mask image is then projected onto a photocurable liqsurface.

Light is projected onto the resin to cure it in the shape of


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RepRap version 2.0 (Mendel) MakerBot Cupcake CNC. Airwolf 3D AW


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Three dimensional printing generates less wastage.

Three dimensional printer are easy to use.

Three dimensional printing has high speed.

Three dimensional printing has high affordability.

Three dimensional printing is versatile.


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Intellectual property rights of the 3D printer users.

Nearly anything can be printed by 3D printers

troubling prospect if criminals use 3D printers to c

products.

Firearms could be downloaded and reproduced by an

a 3D printer.


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Industrial uses

Rapid Prototyping

Rapid Manufacturing

Mass Customization

Mass Production


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Domestic and hobbyist uses

Clothing

3D Bio-printing

3D Printing For Implant And Medical Device

3D Printing Services


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Future applications for 3D printing might include creating open-s

equipment to create open source labs.

Science-based applications like reconstructing fossils in paleontology

Replicating ancient and priceless artifacts in archaeology.

Reconstructing bones and body parts in forensic pathology.

Reconstructing heavily damaged evidence acquired from

investigations.

The technology currently being researched for building construction


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3D Printing technology could revolutionize and re-shape th

Advances in 3D printing technology can significantly chaimprove the way we manufacture products and produ

worldwide.

If the last industrial revolution brought us mass production

advent of economies of scale - the digital 3D printing recould bring mass manufacturing back a full circle - to a

mass personalization, and a return to individual craftsman


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3D printing or printer