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Mr. Kendy Madisha

Lecturer @ Faculty of Engineering

University of Pretoria

3D printing: Engineering

Design concepts in

additive manufacturing

Outline

• 3D Printer Technology, Industry & Design

Considerations

• Design Concept Solutions

– International

– Local

– Own Design Concepts in Fine Arts

• Concerns & Opportunities

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World Market share on Printers

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3D Printer Technology Types

• FDM -- Fused Deposition Modeling

• SLA -- Stereolithography

• DLP -- Digital Light Processing

• SLS -- Selective Laser Sintering

• 3DP -- Tridimensional Inkjet Printing

• PJP -- Polyjet printing

• LOM -- Laminated Object Manufacturing

• LENS

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Fused Deposition Modeling

FDM

Operation Pros Cons

Fused deposition

modelling uses a

heated extrusion tip to

melt materials in

filament form

• Accessible materials:

ABS, wax, and elastomer.

• Some water-soluble

supports.

• Cheap

• Slower than SLA and

SLS.

• Requires finishing

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Stereolithography

SLA

Operation Pros Cons

Stereolithography

Apparatus uses laser

to solidify a

photopolymer.

• Speed,

• Accuracy, and

• Good surface finish

• Used in Jewellery

industry

• Limited material

selection & properties,

• Unpleasant raw

material

• Material properties

limiting to light

functional

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Digital Light Processing

DLP

Operation Pros Cons

Similar to

SLA except that DLP

uses a projector light

rather than a laser to

cure photo-sensitive

polymer resin.

• Fast

• Good material choice

• Variety on resins to make

your material.

• Accuracy of 30 microns in

resolution.

• Additional post

processing required.

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Selective Laser Sintering

SLS

Operation Pros Cons

Selective laser sintering

uses a laser to sinter

powder.

• Fast,

• accurate,

• Functional parts not as

brittle as most SLA models.

• Plastic and metal parts are

available

• Additional post

processing required.

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Tridimensional Inkjet Printing

3DP

Operation Pros Cons

Jets a binder onto

starch- and cellulose-

based powders.

• Fastest Printer

• Recently, material

strength Flexible parts

• Different colours.

• Accuracy,

• Surface finish,

• Best suited for concept

models

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Polyjet Printing

PJP (InkJet)

Operation Pros Cons

Similar to conventional

inkjet printing

technology using a

photopolymer. Addition

of an elevator enables

the third axis of printing

• Exceptional speed &

accuracy

• Light finishing

• Limited proprietary

material selection.

• Relatively young

adaptation of RP.

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Laminated Object Manufacturing

LOM

Operation Pros Cons

In laminated object

modelling, sections of

a part are cut from

paper and

automatically glued

together.

• Quick

• Has strength and

properties similar to

wood.

• Accuracy susceptible

to changes in humidity.

• Occasionally intensive

hand finishing required

in removing

unnecessary material.

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LENS

Metal 3D Printers

Operation Pros Cons

LENS metal 3D printers

uses energy from a

High Power Laser to

deposit molten powder

into a selected location

to build or repair parts

layer by layer.

• Print on a wide range of

materials (including

titanium, stainless steel &

other metal alloys)

• Can fabricate, enhance

and repair high-

performance metal

components

• Cost wise highly usable

in high end industries

only (eg, Aerospace,

Defence, Power

Generation)

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Design Concept Solutions (International)

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Design Concept Solutions (Locally)

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My Design Concepts (Bluepile):

Political Chess Set

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Rugby Bokke

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Mandela Old vs Young

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Major Political Heads

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Concerns & Opportunities

• Concerns

– Hype,

– Skilling of majority South African young

people

– Creative Destruction

• Opportunities

– Makerspace participating,

– Digital Design in CAD and Sculpting

– Involvement in design of 3D printer machines

– Creative Design

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