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Masters MITS '2015
Pietrabissa, Surg Endosc DOI 10.1007/s00464-015-4185-y
From CT scanning to 3-D printing technology for the
preoperative planning in laparoscopic splenectomy
Masters MITS '2015
Pietrabissa, Surg Endosc DOI 10.1007/s00464-015-4185-y
• Post-processing analysis 2 hours.
• Printing time 20 hours each model.
• 4 additional hours to finalize each object.
• 300 euros.
• High Satisfaction marks
From CT scanning to 3-D printing technology for the
preoperative planning in laparoscopic splenectomy
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Depth Cues From 3D Devices
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Lee, JOURNAL OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC & ADVANCED
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES Volume 23, Number 7, 2013 561-9
Performing Task 3
under infrared
illumination
Inexpensive method to improve laparoscopic
depth perception. However, subjects needed to
pay special attention to the shadows
Dynamic Shadowing on 2D and 3D Laparoscopic
Visualization Under Visible Light and Infrared Light
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Adv Opt Photonics. 2013 ; 5(4): 456–535. doi:10.1364/AOP.5.000456.
Three-dimensional display technologies
Masters MITS '2015
Common 3D Systems today
Olympus ENDOEYE Flex
3D Laparoscopy
Viking Intuitive 3D + Robotic Laparoscopy
ConMed.com
bbraun.com
Masters MITS '2015
3D System Basic Configuration
LMD-2451MT/3G4
3DV-190
CV-190
CV-190
CLV-190
LTF-190-10-3D
Masters MITS '2015
• Dimmer than 2D images
• Glasses were heavy, uncomfortable and
decidedly “un-cool”
• Scope and camera heads were heavy and bulky
• Prohibitively expensive
• Sterilization was a challenge
• 3D was essentially a novelty
• No independent scope rotation was possible
(loss of visual horizon)
3D Laparoscopy Historical Review
Some problems associated with previous 3D systems…
SP0582V01
Masters MITS '2015
3DSCOPE (American Surgical Technologies
Corporation, Chelmsford, MA, U.S.A.)
"passive" eyewear
“Our results suggest
that first-generation 3-D
video systems offer no
significant advantage to
the novice or expert
surgeon performing
laparoscopic
procedures.”
Masters MITS '2015
Jones Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy Vol.,6 (3)
1996, 191-197
"'More
control
"
in 3-D
(%)
Prefer 3-D
(%)
Students (n = 10) 60 30
Residents (n = 10) 60 50
Attending surgeons
(n = 10)
60 60
Overall 60 47
2-D % 3-D %
Poor
lighting
3 53
Headache 0 3
Nausea 0 0
Eye strain 0 17
Other
problems
0 0
1996 Generation 3D
Masters MITS '2015
1997 Time taken for the task in relation to the
laparoscopic experiences of participants
Time taken Number 2D
Olympus
OTV-S4
3D
Baxter-V.
Mueller VS7700
Signed-rank
test
All 32 659.1 ± 388.1 638.2 ± 387.1 p = 1.0
With experience 11 488.7 ± 230.0 443.8 ± 242.7 p = 0.6
without Mann-Whitney U test
21 748.4 ± 427.4 p = 0.05
740.0 ± 413.8 p = 0.03
p = 0.9
Chan, Surg Endosc (1997) 11: 438–440
We could not demonstrate any superiority of the 3D system over the 2D
system. However, two-thirds of the surgeons commented that the depth
perception did improve
Compared to human eyes which have an interpupillary distance 60 mm or
more, the two distal mounted cameras in the laparoscope are only separated
by 10 mm.
Masters MITS '2015
Patel UROLOGY 70: 47–49, 2007
2007 - Is It Worth Revisiting Laparoscopic Three-
Dimensional Visualization?
A Validated Assessment
The laparoscopic system we used
can switch between two and
three dimensions (Viking
EndoSite, Viking Systems, LaJolla,
Calif). stereo digital
scope (dual 3CCD optical channel)
15 Novices vs. Two
Experts
Masters MITS '2015
Patel UROLOGY 70: 47–49, 2007
2007 - Is It Worth Revisiting Laparoscopic Three-
Dimensional Visualization?
A Validated Assessment
Masters MITS '2015
High Definition Laparoscopy: Objective Assessment of
Performance Characteristics and Comparison with Standard
Laparoscopy
Pierre, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY,
Volume 23, Number 3, March 2009, p. 523-528
• Olympus SD laparoscope has a
standard rodlens with a camera
head and light source separate
from the lens itself.
• The Olympus HD laparoscope
uses the "chip on a stick" or "chip
in tip" design
Masters MITS '2015
Pierre, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY,
Volume 23, Number 3, March 2009, p. 523-528
High Definition Laparoscopy: Objective Assessment of
Performance Characteristics and Comparison with Standard
Laparoscopy
Masters MITS '2015
Pierre, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY,
Volume 23, Number 3, March 2009, p. 523-528
High Definition Laparoscopy: Objective Assessment of
Performance Characteristics and Comparison with Standard
Laparoscopy
Better
Depth
of
Field
Masters MITS '2015
Pierre, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY,
Volume 23, Number 3, March 2009, p. 523-528
Optical
characteristic
HD
laparoscope
SD
laparoscope Resolution (line pairs/mm) 2.4 2.0
Distortion (%) 4 10
Depth of field (relative to
focal point)
>45mm 12mm
Brightness (lumens) 129 11.2
Color reproduction Similar to SD Similar to HD
Grayscale discernment Similar to SD Similar to HD
High Definition Laparoscopy: Objective Assessment of
Performance Characteristics and Comparison with Standard
Laparoscopy
Masters MITS '2015
Taffinder, Surg Endosc (1999) 13: 1087–1092
1999 - Effect of a second-generation 3D endoscope on the
laparoscopic precision of novices and experienced surgeons
Surgical Vision, Reading, UK, (c) 3D, 2nd generation
Masters MITS '2015
Taffinder, Surg Endosc (1999) 13: 1087–1092
• 2D endoscopic vision impaired performance by 35–100% when compared with direct vision,
• 3D reduced this endoscopic handicap by 41–53% in novices and experienced surgeons (p < 0.03).
• No side effects were reported with the new 3D system.
• Even in 2D, novices performed better with an image at arm’s length (p < 0.03).
1999 - Effect of a second-generation 3D endoscope on the
laparoscopic precision of novices and experienced surgeons
Masters MITS '2015
Surg Endosc (2000) 14:71-74
The evaluation did not show a significant (p > 0.05)
difference in performance time in all models, but there was
a clear trend showing the benefit of a higher resolution.
2000 High Definition Imaging
Masters MITS '2015
2007 - Performance differences in laparoscopic surgical
skills between true HD and 3-chip CCD video systems
Hagiike, Surg Endosc (2007) 21:1849–1854
SD system consisted of a three-chip CCD
camera (720 · 480 pixels, interlace, 4:3 aspect
ratio)
WideView HD monitor, 1,920 · 1,200 pixels,
progressive, 16:10 aspect ratio; Karl Storz
Inc. Culver City, CA, USA).
VS.
Masters MITS '2015
Hagiike, Surg Endosc (2007) 21:1849–1854
Knot tying 173 ± 84 s vs
214 ± 107 s; p = 0.003
2007 - Performance differences in laparoscopic surgical
skills between true HD and 3-chip CCD video systems
Masters MITS '2015
Feng, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:2743–2748
2010 - A computerized assessment to compare the impact
of standard, stereoscopic, and high-definition
laparoscopic monitor displays on surgical technique
2D system, we used a Karl Storz
Endoscopy 0 telescope, a charge-coupled
device (CCD) camera, a light source, and
a 15-inch cathode-ray tube (CRT)
monitor.
HD system, we used a Karl Storz
Endoscopy HD camera, and replaced the
CRT monitor with a 1080p HD liquid-
crystal display (LCD) monitor [8].
3D system, we used stereovision camera
(Welch Allyn Inc., Skaneateles Falls, NY),
a ViewSonic 17-inch CRT monitor, and a
pair of 3D goggles
The study demonstrates that, while users expressed a decided preference for HD systems,
actual quantitative analysis indicates that HD monitors offer no statistically significant
advantage and may even worsen performance compared with standard 2D or 3D
laparoscopic monitors.
Masters MITS '2015
Feng, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:2743–2748
2010 - A computerized assessment to compare the impact
of standard, stereoscopic, and high-definition
laparoscopic monitor displays on surgical technique
Masters MITS '2015
Feng, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:2743–2748
2010 - A computerized assessment to compare the impact
of standard, stereoscopic, and high-definition
laparoscopic monitor displays on surgical technique
Masters MITS '2015
Feng, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:2743–2748
2010 - A computerized assessment to compare the impact
of standard, stereoscopic, and high-definition
laparoscopic monitor displays on surgical technique
“DEPTH”
“TEXTURE”
“NATURAL”
Masters MITS '2015
Autostereoscopic devices
Geometrical solution keeps the
images separate for each eye.
Entertainment market has greatly
invested in autostereoscopic
displays.
For example:
Nintendo DS
Microsoft autostereoscopic
prototype
Sharp 3D glass-free monitor
Silvestri, Surgical Innovation 2011 18(3) 223–230
Autostereoscopic 3-D Viewer Evaluation Through
Comparison With Conventional Interfaces in Lap. Surgery
Masters MITS '2015
19-inch (1280 × 1024) AM24 (Pavonine Korea Inc,
eMagin Z800, SVGA resolution
(800 × 600 pixels) on organic light
emitting diode panels
Silvestri, Surgical Innovation 2011, 18(3) 223–230
2011 - Autostereoscopic 3-D Viewer Evaluation Through
Comparison With Conventional Interfaces in Lap. Surgery
VS.
Masters MITS '2015
Silvestri, Surgical Innovation, 2011, 18(3) 223–230
2011 - Autostereoscopic 3-D Viewer Evaluation Through
Comparison With Conventional Interfaces in Lap. Surgery
Masters MITS '2015
22% Faster 60% Preferred User
Friendliness
Silvestri, Surgical Innovation 2011, 18(3) 223–230
2011 - Autostereoscopic 3-D Viewer Evaluation Through
Comparison With Conventional Interfaces in Lap. Surgery
VS.
Masters MITS '2015
American Journal of Surgery 193 (2007) 519–522
2007 - Three-dimensional imaging improves surgical
performance for both novice and experienced operators
using the da Vinci Robot System
Masters MITS '2015
LAGRANGE, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY, Volume 22,
Number 3, March 2008
2008 - Evaluation of Three Different Laparoscopic Modalities:
Robotics versus Three-Dimensional Vision Laparoscopy versus
Standard Laparoscopy
• Improved performance using three-
dimensional optics on some tasks, but not a
significant improvement in overall results.
• 3D vision beneficial during performance of
some complex tasks.
• The wrist-like action of the robot improved
performance on some tasks, while the lack of
tactile feedback likely was a source of errors
on other tasks
Standard laparoscopy with two-dimensional cameras, the 3Di
Endosite visual system, and the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System
Masters MITS '2015
LAGRANGE, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY, Volume 22,
Number 3, March 2008
2008 - Evaluation of Three Different Laparoscopic Modalities:
Robotics versus Three-Dimensional Vision Laparoscopy versus
Standard Laparoscopy
3D Beats Robot
Masters MITS '2015
LAGRANGE, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY, Volume 22,
Number 3, March 2008
2008 - Evaluation of Three Different Laparoscopic Modalities:
Robotics versus Three-Dimensional Vision Laparoscopy versus
Standard Laparoscopy
Robot wins
Masters MITS '2015
LAGRANGE, JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY, Volume 22,
Number 3, March 2008
2008 - Evaluation of Three Different Laparoscopic Modalities:
Robotics versus Three-Dimensional Vision Laparoscopy versus
Standard Laparoscopy
Robot wins
Masters MITS '2015
Votanopoulos,World J Surg (2008) 32:110–118
2008 Impact of Three-Dimensional Vision in
Laparoscopic Training
No Difference
Masters MITS '2015
Votanopoulos,World J Surg (2008) 32:110–118
3month later
2008 Impact of Three-Dimensional Vision in
Laparoscopic Training
Masters MITS '2015
Votanopoulos,World J Surg (2008) 32:110–118
On 2D System – former 3D 181
sec total task time lower than
those “trained” on 2D
P=0.002
On 3D System – former 2D only
10 sec total task time lower than
those “trained” on 3D
P=0.84
2008 Impact of Three-Dimensional Vision in
Laparoscopic Training
Masters MITS '2015
2015 An assessment of the new generation three-
dimensional high definition laparoscopic vision system
on surgical skills: a randomized prospective study
Usta, Surg Endosc (2015) 29:2305–2313
3D LVS where polarized glasses are used, images are
simultaneously relayed to the monitor at various angles.
Each one of the polarized glasses conducts the image to
each eye separately.
Viking 3D HD LVS, displayed to the corresponding
eye by special filter glasses using micropolarization technology
Masters MITS '2015
Usta, Surg Endosc (2015) 29:2305–2313
2015 An assessment of the new generation three-
dimensional high definition laparoscopic vision system
on surgical skills: a randomized prospective study
Masters MITS '2015
2010 - Comparison of two- and three-dimensional
camera systems in laparoscopic performance: a novel
3D system with one camera
Kong, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:1132–1143
About 54% of the novices and 80% of the
experienced surgeons preferred the 3D system.
Electromyography (EMG) showed a tendency
toward less usage of the right arm and more
usage of the left arm with the 3D system.
Masters MITS '2015
2010- Comparison of two- and three-dimensional
camera systems in laparoscopic performance: a novel
3D system with one camera
Kong, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:1132–1143
it uses a novel one-camera mechanism to change the path of light
using the difference in density between objects (Fig. 1)
Masters MITS '2015
Kong, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:1132–1143
2010- Comparison of two- and three-dimensional
camera systems in laparoscopic performance: a novel
3D system with one camera
Masters MITS '2015
2015 Three-dimensional (3D) simulation versus two-dimensional
(2D) enhances surgical skills acquisition in standardised
laparoscopic tasks: A before and after study
International Journal of Surgery 14 (2015) 12e16
Laparoscopic simulators (Laprotrain©)
were used attached to a 2D and a simulated 3D
monitor (Sony
BRAVIA TV) respectively
Masters MITS '2015
International Journal of Surgery 14 (2015) 12e16
• Tasks completed faster in the 3D group compared with the 2D
group.
• There was a lower rate of errors noted in the 3D group compared
with the 2D group but this only reached statistical significance in
two of the five laparoscopic tasks.
• In the crossover study, subjects who had trained on simulated 3D
had better task times and fewer errors compared to those who had
trained on 2D simulators.
4.2. Errors
Although there was an overall trend to reduced numbers of
errors in the 3D group, this was only significant in tasks 4 and 5.
[Table 5]
4.3. Crossover study
Interestingly, when the groups were switched, subjects who had
trained on the 3D simulator had faster 2D task times compared
to those who trained on the 2D simulator in three of the tasks.
[Table 6]
2015 Three-dimensional (3D) simulation versus two-dimensional
(2D) enhances surgical skills acquisition in standardised
laparoscopic tasks: A before and after study
Masters MITS '2015
Surg Endosc DOI 10.1007/s00464-015-4189-7
• Overall, 3D laparoscopy appears to improve speed
and reduce the number of performance errors when
compared to 2D laparoscopy.
• Most studies to date assessed 3D laparoscopy in
simulated settings, and the impact of 3D laparoscopy
on clinical outcomes has yet to be examined.
Masters MITS '2015
2014 - Effect of passive polarizing three-dimensional displays on
surgical performance for experienced laparoscopic surgeons
Smith, BJS 2014; 101: 1453–1459
• Passive polarizing 3D displays
improved both the performance of
experienced surgeons in a
simulated setting and surgeon
perception of the operative field.
• Although it has been argued that
the experience of skilled
laparoscopic surgeons
compensates fully for the loss of
stereopsis, this study indicates that
this is not the case.
Masters MITS '2015
2015 - Is a robotic system really better than the 3D laparoscopic
system in terms of suturing performance?: comparison among
operators with different levels of experience
Park, Surg Endosc DOI 10.1007/s00464-015-4357-9
• Novices benefited particularly from the robot.
• The intermediate group completed the task equally well and
equally quickly with 3D laparoscopy and the robot.
• The experts completed the task equally well regardless of
instrument, but their times were much faster with 3D laparoscopy.
• Thus, well-trained laparoscopic surgeons may not really benefit
from 3D robot systems if 3D laparoscopy is available.
• 2D imaging system (ENDOEYE FLEX
System, Olympus, PA, USA
• ENDOEYE FLEX 3D System (Olympus,
PA, USA) was used for 3D laparoscopy
• experts (>100 lap. cases, n = 9)
• intermediate (20–99 cases, n = 7)
• novices (<20cases, n = 4).
20 Surgeons:
Masters MITS '2015
Park, Surg Endosc DOI 10.1007/s00464-015-4357-9
2D laparoscope
(%)
3D laparoscope
(%)
3D robot (%) P valuea
Novice (n = 4, 12
attempts)
12 (100) 12 (100) 0 <0.001
Intermediate (n =
7, 21 attempts)
5 (23.8) 1 (4.8) 0 0.040
Expert (n = 9, 27
attempts)
2 (7.4) 1 (3.7) 0 0.769
Table 1 Task failure rates of the three surgeon groups with the three instruments
2D
laparoscope
3D
laparoscope
3D robot p
Total completion
time
244 (155, 270) 177 (126, 217) 233 (187, 461) 0.010
First stitch and
tying
82 (52, 116) 60 (36, 91) 86 (51, 139) 0.016
Running suture 83 (50, 100) 68 (75, 244) 120 (75, 244) 0.001
Final tying 64 (47, 104) 42 (27, 108) 33 (24, 112) 0.107
2015 - Is a robotic system really better than the 3D laparoscopic
system in terms of suturing performance?: comparison among
operators with different levels of experience
Masters MITS '2015
2012 - Three-dimensional vision enhances task
performance independently of the surgical method
Wagner,Surg Endosc (2012) 26:2961–2968
N=34, half inexperienced
The more complex the task,
the more 3D vision
accelerates task completion
compared with 2D vision.
The gain in task
performance is independent
of the surgical method.
Masters MITS '2015
Wagner,Surg Endosc (2012) 26:2961–2968
2012 - Three-dimensional vision enhances task
performance independently of the surgical method
Masters MITS '2015
Wagner,Surg Endosc (2012) 26:2961–2968
2012 - Three-dimensional vision enhances task
performance independently of the surgical method
Masters MITS '2015
Khoshabeh, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING, VOL. 59, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2012
2012 - Multiview Glasses-Free 3-D Laparoscopy
Masters MITS '2015
Khoshabeh, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING, VOL. 59, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2012
2012 - Multiview Glasses-Free 3-D Laparoscopy
Masters MITS '2015
Khoshabeh, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING, VOL. 59, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2012
2012 - Multiview Glasses-Free 3-D Laparoscopy
Masters MITS '2015
Stereoscope3-D camera (8190; Vista Medical Technologies,
Westborough,MA) coupled with the 3-D 30/70-degree
Stereoscope(8191-2; Vista Medical Technologies).
2000 Three-Dimensional Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic
Pericardiectomy
Surgical team wearing
Cardioview head-
mounted displays
with Vista console to
the far left. Vista 3-D
scope and camera
head shown in inset
Luison, Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:2137– 8
Masters MITS '2015
2015 Complete thoracoscopic lobectomy for cancer:
comparative study of three-dimensional high-definition
with two-dimensional high-definition video systems†
Bagan , Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 20
(2015) 820–824, doi:10.1093/icvts/ivv031
• N=18
• randomized 2D-HD or 3D-HD system
• same surgeon
Masters MITS '2015
Bagan , Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 20
(2015) 820–824, doi:10.1093/icvts/ivv031
Operative blood loss (ml) 238 216 0.74
Morbidity (n) 1 1 -
Mortality (n) 0 0 -
Drainage duration (days) 4.5 3.9 0.2
Lymph node station (mean) 4.5 5.3 0.1
Number of upstaging (n) N1 (1) N1 (2) 0.8
N2 (1) N2 (0) 0.5
Characteristics Group 2D (n = 9)
Group 3D (n = 9)
P-values
Age (mean) 64.1 70 0.3
Sex (M/F) 7/2 7/2 –
FEV1 (mean %) 76 104 0.16
DLCO (mean %) 59 67 0.007
Operating theatre duration time (min)
176.5 145.8 <0.001
2015 Complete thoracoscopic lobectomy for cancer:
comparative study of three-dimensional high-definition
with two-dimensional high-definition video systems†
Masters MITS '2015
Bagan , Interactive CardioVascular
and Thoracic Surgery 20 (2015)
820–824,
doi:10.1093/icvts/ivv031
2015 Complete thoracoscopic lobectomy for cancer:
comparative study of three-dimensional high-definition
with two-dimensional high-definition video systems†
Masters MITS '2015
2015 - High-definition resolution 3-D imaging systems in
laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: randomized comparative
study with high-definition resolution 2-D systems
Kinoshita, Surg Endosc (2015) 29:2203–2209
Olympus 3D laparo-thoraco videoscopes, Polarized glasses
Masters MITS '2015
Kinoshita, Surg Endosc (2015) 29:2203–2209
2015 - High-definition resolution 3-D imaging systems in
laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: randomized comparative
study with high-definition resolution 2-D systems
Masters MITS '2015
Kinoshita, Surg Endosc (2015) 29:2203–2209
Using a 3D imaging system in LRP
may have only limited advantages in
decreasing operation times over 2D
imaging systems. However, the 3D
system increased surgical feasibility
and decreased surgeons’ effort
levels without inducing significant
fatigue.
2015 - High-definition resolution 3-D imaging systems in
laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: randomized comparative
study with high-definition resolution 2-D systems
Masters MITS '2015
2015 - Three-Dimensional (3D) Versus Two-Dimensional
(2D) Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: a Single-Surgeon
Prospective Randomized Comparative Study
Currò, OBES SURG DOI 10.1007/s11695-015-1674-
y
N=52
standard five-port laparoscopic
Technique for MGBypass, 4 for Sleeve Gastrectomy
KARL STORZ 3D Camera System
3D imaging seems to decrease the
performance time of more difficult
bariatric procedures, which involve
surgical tasks as suturing and
intestinal measurement.
Masters MITS '2015
http://www.technology.org/2015/08/24/laparoscopy-to-be-
revolutionized-by-wireless-microcamera-clusters/
Wireless Multi-view
Cameras
Masters MITS '2015
Conclusions
• 3D optics are evolving, benefits all surgeons
for certain tasks, and particularly helps
trainees.
• High Def 2D beats low Def 3D, but having
both is optimal.
• The relative benefit for clinical use,
particularly straight-forward operations is
uncertain and has to be weighed against
other factors such as cost and camera size.
Masters MITS '2015
Feng, Surg Endosc (2010) 24:2743–2748
Monitor
Mean Std
error
Movement economy Scale: 0 (0%) to
1 (100%)
HD 0.6676 0.0177
3D 0.7511 0.0186
2D 0.7612 0.0187
Average speed
(inch/s)
HD 1.332 0.0747
3D 1.549 0.0749
2D 1.412 0.0748
Time consumed
(ms)
HD 19,205 1,050.03
3D 13,616 1,084.18
2D 14,691 1,075.42
2010 - A computerized assessment to compare the impact
of standard, stereoscopic, and high-definition
laparoscopic monitor displays on surgical technique
Masters MITS '2015
Three-Dimensional (3D) Versus Two-Dimensional (2D) Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: a
Single-Surgeon Prospective Randomized Comparative Study
Currò, OBES SURG DOI 10.1007/s11695-015-1674-
y
N=52
standard five-port laparoscopic
Technique for MGBypass, 4 for Sleeve Gastrectomy
KARL STORZ 3D Camera System
Mean
operative time
(minutes)
p
2D imaging
group (n=10
for SG and 10
for MGB)
3D imaging
group (n=10
for SG and 10
for MGB)
Sleeve
gastrectomy 1. First task (Bgreater curvature
ligament division^)
20 (12–22 16 (10–20) 0.08
2. Second task (Bsleeved gastric
tube formation^)
35 (24–41) 32 (19–38) 0.1
Complete procedure 72 (45–80) 68 (45–76) 0.1
Mini-gastric bypass
1. First task (Bsleeved gastric
tube formation^)
15 (10–18) 14 (10–17) 0.06
2. Second Task
(Bgastrojejunostomy
construction^)
20 (15–30) 15 (10–20) 0.02
3. Third task (Bstoma suturing^) 12 (10–21) 10 (8–16) 0.02
Complete procedure 100 88 0.03
3D imaging seems to decrease the
performance
time of more difficult bariatric procedures,
which involve surgical
tasks as suturing and intestinal measurement.