3D-Method, Requirement Engineering · characteristics of the 3D parameter space ... Matlab Simulink • Different drive lines (front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, …) with various

3D-Method, Requirement Engineering

” by IfF

Customeruse

Requirement

Representative requirements

cover the whole range of customer use.

Customer use range

Requirement: range covered in the development process(design and testing)

” by IfF

Customeruse

Representative requirements

cover the whole range of customer use.

Customer use range

Requirement: range covered in the development process(design and testing)

Requirementoptimum, representativerequirements

” by IfF

Requirement Engineering

• Chassis• Drivetrain• Body• ADAS

• Energy consumption

• Range• Performance• Costs• Comfort• …

VE

HIC

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• ICE• El. motor• Battery• Loungemodul

• Powerelectronics

• Transmission• Propshaft• Axle drive• Steering• Brake• Wheels• Subframe• Suspension• …

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• Link arm• Wheel hub• Damper• Spring• …• Gear-wheel• Clutch• Bearing• Shaft• Joint• …• Battery-Management

• Powertraincontrol strategy

• …• Energy-Management

• Thermo-Management

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” by IfF


• Power consumption

• Tank range• Performance• Costs• Comfort• …

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• ICE• El. Machine• Battery• Startingmodul



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• Link arm• Wheel hub• Damper• Spring• …• Gear-wheel• Clutch• Lager• Shaft• Joint• …• Battery-Management

• Controlstrategy• …• Energy-Management


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Requirement Engineering

• Basis of development: Specification book 1 Requirement catalogue 1

Which features related to function and durability have to be fulfilled by components, modules, systems and the overall vehicle?

• Basis of design and testing: Specification book 2 Requirement catalogue 2

Which driving maneuvers, function- and load spectras occur in customer operation?

Which of them are representative for the regarded components, modules, systems and the overall vehicle and therefore have to be considered in the development process?

All requirements are connected with the characteristics of the 3D parameter space

Driver Driving environs Driven vehicle

” by IfF

Development of 3D-Method, Parameter Choice

Driver FahrerDriving style • Mild• Average

• Sporty

Driving environs Environs Road profile quality

• Urban• Extra urban

• Highway

• Mountain

Driven vehicle Vehicles of different segments and loadings

• Light load• Average load• Full load• Trailer

” by IfF

3D-Method: Choice of the Driver

Possibletest drivers

Vehicle withBlackbox

Measuring parameters related to driver actions and environs

Evaluation-drives

Urban Extra urban Highway Mountain

EvaluationAcceleration (longitudinal, lateral), Velocity, Steering, etc.

Identification of driving style

Mild Average Sporty

” by IfF

Hamburg

Ruhrgebiet(Dortmund)

BraunschweigHannover

Regensburg

Würzburg

Magdeburg

Bad Pyrmont

Hof

Kassel

Berlin

Leipzig

Startpunkt

Hamburg

Ruhrgebiet(Dortmund)

BraunschweigHannover

Regensburg

Würzburg

Magdeburg

Bad Pyrmont

Hof

Kassel

Berlin

Leipzig

Startpunkt

3D-Method: Choice of the Driving environs

Urban

Extra urban

Mountain

& Highway

Hamburg, Berlin, Munich, Brunswick, Peking, Shanghai, Changchun etc. schedule: Istanbul, London, Tokyo,Mumbai, New-Dehli

D, EU, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, China, schedule: USA, Turkey, Inda, Japan

Alps (D, A, CH), Highlands (Harz)

Stochastic Roughness

Transient Roughness MisuseRoad Profile

Measuring

” by IfF

3D-Method: Choosen driven vehicles

Weight-to-Power Ratio [kg/kW]:

7…99…1111..1313…1515…17> 17

900 1300 1700 2100 2500Vehicle mass [kg]

100

200

300

400

500

600To

rque

[Nm

]

Measurement signals

• Driver throttle, break preasure, steering wheel angle, gear, clutch

• Driven Torque and forces, Vehicle translation and rotation

• Driving curvature, road gradient,environs road roughness, tempature

Data Base50.0000-70.000 km per Vehicle

• Conventional drivetrains• Hybrid drivetrains • Electrical drivetrains • Front, rear and

all wheel drive• different Transmissions

” by IfF

3D-Method: Measurement program

Driver

Urban

Extra urban

Highway

Mountain

light average full trailer

mild average sporty

” by IfF

mild average sporty





• Delivery service • Postal service• Special incidents• Misuse• …

Special customers


900 1300 1700 2100 2500Vehicle mass [kg]

100

200

300

400

500

600Torq

ue

[Nm

]

900 1300 1700 2100 2500Vehicle mass [kg]

100

200

300

400

500

600Torq

ue

[Nm

]

Urban

Extra urban

Highway

Mountain


Urban

Extra urban

Highway

Mountain


Driver

” by IfF900 1300 1700 2100 2500

Vehicle mass [kg]

100

200

300

400

500

600Torq

ue

[Nm

]

900 1300 1700 2100 2500Vehicle mass [kg]

100

200

300

400

500

600Torq

ue

[Nm

]





SimulationMOVE3D

• Delivery service • Postal service• Special incidents• Misuse• …

Special customers


Urban

Extra urban

Highway

Mountain


Urban

Extra urban

Highway

Mountain


mild average sportyDriver

” by IfF

Driver model

Driving environs model

Driven vehicle

Modulare Variantenbasierte Entwicklungsplattform für 3F-Simulationen (MOVE 3D)(Modular development platform based on variants for 3D simulations)

• Simulation environment based onMatlab Simulink

• Different drive lines (front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, …) with various transmission types (MT, AT, …)

• Tailored implementation of simulation programmes as Dymola

Simulation environment

” by IfF

3D-Method: Driver model *)

Driver actions

• Throttle (acceleration)• Break preasure (deceleration)

• Driving speed

• Gear shift, clutch (MT)

• Steering (lateral acceleration)

*) problem specific modelling; regarding the natural statistical variance

1 3 5

2 4 R

Driven vehicle

• Segment (small … big)

• Vehicle loading (light,

average, full, trailer)

• Engine power (M-n)

• Transmission

Driving environs

• Environs- Urban- Extra urban- Highway- Mountain

• Road profile - Gradient/curvature- Unevenness, potholes

• Traffic & Temperature

Depending on

Driving style

• mild

• average

• sporty

” by IfF

3D-Method: Driving environs - Models *)

Coverage of environs parameters forurban, extra urban, highway and mountain

• Traffic parameter- Driving speeds, incl. Stop&Go

- Acceleration sections

- Deceleration sections

- vehicle-spacing

- …

• Road profile parameter- Gradient, curvature

- Road profiles (periodic,

stochastic, transiente),

potholes, sleeping policemen,

railway crossing, …

- friction factor

• Weather data- Temperature

- Sight distance*) problem specific modelling; regarding the natural statistical variance

” by IfF

3D-Method: Driven vehicle model *)

Consideration of function and durability behaviour of

• Elements, parts• Assemblies/modules

• Overall vehicle

For regarding the topics

• Drivetrain• Chassis

• Body

• ADAS

MBS-Models

*) problem specific modelling; regarding the natural statistical variance

Two track models

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” by IfF

Characteristics of the 3D Method and MOVE3D

• Virtual measurement and testing program in 3D parameter space

• Consideration of natural statistical variance of the characteristics of- Driver- Driving environs- Driven vehicle

• Acquisition of all representative driving maneuvres and parameters inthe time domain and/or as histograms

EWPStadtLandBABBerg

EWPStadtLandBABBerg

10002000

30004000

0100

200300

012

x 105EWP

nmot [1/min]Mgetr,ein [Nm] 1000

20003000

4000

0100

200300

012

x 105L_sc_M

nmot [1/min]Mgetr,ein [Nm]

Load spectra Percentage of gears

Load factors Engine operating points

3D-Cube

” by IfF

3D-Method: Benefit

Evaluation, optimization of 3D paramters

optimalDesign

DevelopmentFunctionDurability

Determination of represen-tative requirements• representative drivingmaneuvres

• Load spectras• Histograms for function parameters


• Energy consumption

• Range• Performance• Costs• Comfort• …

VE

HIC

LE

• ICE• El. motor• Battery• Loungemodul



MO

DU

LE

S /

AS

SE

MB

LIE

S

• Link arm• Wheel hub• Damper• Spring• …• Gear-wheel• Clutch• Bearing• Shaft• Joint• …• Battery-Management

• Powertraincontrol strategy

• …• Energy-Management


FU

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3D-Method, Requirement Engineering

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3D-Method, Requirement Engineering · characteristics of the 3D parameter space ... Matlab Simulink • Different drive lines (front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, …) with various