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Current technologies
Doppler detectors
• Best when detecting longitudinal motion – MicroWave
– Ultrasonic
Passive IR detectors
• Best when detecting trasverse motion – Mirror type
– Fresnel lens type
NO target size evaluation – NO target distance evaluation
HIGH environmental dependency (EMI, temperature, light …)
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Current technologies
Laser scanners / LIDARs
• Best when used as a no-cross plane
• Object size is detecded
Detection is limited to the scanning plane
NO info about target behaviour
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Current technologies
Video analysys Motion–detection / Loitering / Fencing / Trip-Wire
• Uniform scene illumination is mandatory day & night
• Shades and other environment-related phenomena may be interpreted as a target
PARTIAL target size evaluation – APPROX. target distance evaluation
HIGH environmental dependency (light, shades, vehicle transit …)
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Current technologies
Video analysys Object control / Man-Down
• 2D VCA can be tuned, but, mostly, a beauty-case in the near field have the same pixel size as a distant carryall bag
• Due to 2D perspective, a man lying on the floor in line with the camera axis is ‘seen’ as a taller standing man
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The ideal detector
• Has no environmentals costraints
• Needs the fewest calibration
• When targeting an object
– Evaluates the SIZE
– Calculates its DISTANCE
– Locates it in the SPACE allowing to study its behaviour
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How it works: acquisition
• The sensor ‘measures’ everything in the scene and encodes it all in a “Depth Map”
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How it works: processing
• Math is now applied to the Depth-Map in order to ‘extract’ information about targets
– Count
– Motion
– Behaviour
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How it works: count/time alarms
• Target SIZING means: identify PERSONS and count them
– Crowding alarm
• When identified, a person can be tagged to measure the time it remains in the scene
– Loitering alarm
– ATM attack (time criteria)
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How it works: object sizing alarms
• Object SIZING enables the possibility to evaluate objects and/or persons in the scene:
– Man-Down alarm (a person-sized object appears in the scene lying on the floor)
– Abandoned-Object alarm (a not person-sized, but defineable-sized object appears in the scene)
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How it works: behaviour alarms
• Person in the ATM proximity who does not initiate a transaction
• Person in the ATM proximity acting in a suspect way (crouched)
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Applications - Bank
– Self-Banking • Crowding • Loitering • ATM attack • Man-down • People counting
– Embedded camera • Event-based remote
surveillance
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Applications – Safety - Statistics
Safety Statistics
• Precision counting
• Flow control
• Queue control
• People counting • Building capacity
• Evacuation
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Applications - Museum
• Virtual showcase
• Proximity
• Crowding
• Man-down
• Stolen/abandoned objects
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Applications – Access Control
• Free-flow gates
– Unauthorized access
– Tailgating
• Secured access
– Tailgating
– Piggybacking
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A real detector
EL.MO. TREDDIX
• EN50131 compliance
• EL.MO. BUS direct interface
• Relay output
• SDK