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3D –modelling at the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK)
E Laine, A Pasanen & 3D team at GTK
28.7.2016 13D-modelling at GTK / 3D-team
Contents1. GTK – Geological Survey of Finland2. GTK’s 3D geological model storage3. Examples4. Future: CEM and fracture simulation
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GTK’s organisation 2014
10 March 2014
Corporate ServicesFinancial Administration
Human Resources
General Administration
IT Services
Technical Services
Director’s Staff Director General ManagementGroup
Board
Ministry ofEmployment and
the Economy
Northern Finland Office
InformationServices
Bedrock Geology andResources
Land Use andEnvironment
SouthernFinlandOffice
InformationServices
Bedrock Geology andResources
Land Use andEnvironment
ResearchLaboratory
Eastern Finland Office
InformationServices
BedrockGeology andResources
Land Use andEnvironment
MineralProcessing
Western Finland Office
Land Use andEnvironment
Energy andResources
3
10 March 2014
• Permanent staff – Southern Finland 237– Western Finland 35– Eastern Finland 189– Northern Finland 99
560• Temporary staff 24
Total 584
GTK’s staff on 1 January 2014
Western Finland Office
Espoo
Outokumpu
Kuopio
Rovaniemi
Loppi
Kokkola
Southern Finland Office
Northern FinlandOffice
Eastern FinlandOffice
4
10 March 2014
GTK’s regional priorities and profiles• Regional offices have close links
to regional planning and the business sector.
• Research activities and services are defined on the basis of regional development plans and business priorities.
• Our major aims are to develop and maintain an internationally competitive business environment and to promote employment in regional counties. Espoo
Outokumpu
Kuopio
Rovaniemi
Loppi
Kokkola
Environment and extractive industry
Exploration and mining
Urban geology and international projects
Land use and energy sectors
5
10 March 2014
GTK – national centre for geoscience data
Data acquisition - Information management - Web-based delivery
GTK data collection
GTK’sGeoKernelLocal government
Universities
Mining companies
Other sources
Informationservices
Geodata fromExternal sources
The science community
Business andconsultants
Society
Demand-driven surveying
programmes
6
Introduction• 3D-modelling in Finland has been traditionally related to ore
modelling and evaluation• New applications have been introduced in recent years
– Eg. Regional, local and site scale 3D-models, Nuclear waste site models at Olkiluoto
• Computerized 3D ore modelling has been done since 1980.
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Main geological units in Finland(Very) brief stratigraphy of Finland
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Harri Kutvonen/ GTK
Precambrian crystalline bedrock mainly older than 1.8 Ga
Quaternary
Gap for 1.5 to 1.8 Ga
Applications• Main research themes that use 3D-modelling in GTK are:
– Ore exploration– Environmental investigations
• Environmental studies in mining sites– Groundwater
• Flow modelling and (reactive) transport modelling– Urban geology
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3D geological model storage at GTK
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Regional 3D modeling targets &Olkiluoto nuclear waste site (underconstruction)
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An example from central Lapland
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3D model of the Kittilä terrane and surrounding geological blocks used in the modeling. View from the northwestand Kittilä terrane gravity model from the northeast. Modeling profiles are presented in both images.
Tero Niiranen, Ilkka Lahti and Vesa Nykänen, 2014. 3D model of the Kittilä terrane and adjacent structures. In: 2014 Central Lapland Greenstone Belt 3D modeling project final report edited by Tero Niiranen, Ilkka Lahti, Vesa Nykänen and Tuomo Karinen. Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Tutkimusraportti 209 – Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 209.
An example from Pyhäsalmi-Vihanti region
By Jouni Luukas 2013, a 3D model built for the ProMine project http://promine.gtk.fi
An example from the Outokumpu area
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Laine, E. (ed.) 2012. 3D modeling of polydeformed and metamorphosed rocks: the old Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn mine area as a case study. Geological Survey of Finland. Report of Investigation 195, 77 pages, 66 figures and 1 table
Applications• Groundwater
• Patamäki, Kokkola, Western Finland
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The Patamäki 3D geological model of Patamäki groundwater area (red = bedrock, light brown = moraine, dark green = gravel, lila = silt, light green = sand, darker light green = fine sand) (Okkonen et al., 2011)
Applications• Groundwater• Patamäki: hydraulic conductivity
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Hydraulic conductivity in the Patamäki area (Okkonen et al., 2011).
Hydraulic conductivity m/s
Applications• Groundwater• Patamäki: accident scenarios (Okkonen
et al. 2011)
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Applications• Mine environment/
groundwater• Luikonlahti Mine, Kaavi,
Eastern Finland (Pasanen et al, 2012 in prep.)
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BedrockBedrock and fractured bedrockQuaternary sediments
Applications• Groundwater• Pursiala,
Mikkeli, Eastern Finland (Hyvönen et al. Pers. Comm)
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Bedrock surfaceTop of tillTop of coarse gravel, glaciofluvial
Top of medium gravel and coarse sand, glaciofluvial
Top of medium and fine sand, glaciofluvial
Top of medium and fine sand, glaciofluvial-glaciolacustrine
Current ground surface
Applications• Urban geology• Suurpelto, Espoo
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The thickness of fine sediments in the Suurpelto area and geological cross sections along the marked lines (Ojala et al. 2007).
Future
• Regional 3D database of selected targets? • More numerical 3D modeling using CEM• Development of 3D modeling practices
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A work flow for high performace computing
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Mesh toolsGeological modelstranformed to grids
Geostatisticalsimulation
Forward and inverse modeling
Iterative processin order to builda 3D CEM grid
User interface!!for CSC computers
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Fracture simulations
Geologically realistic fractureproperties and their distributions
Fracture simulation
Transformation into a FEM grid in order to solve fracture related physicaland chemical processes in a rock mass