Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
3A/3B MENTAL SKILLS TRAINING
www.flickr.com/photos/bryangeek/2814817972/1
• Distinction between stage 2 and stage 3 content• Overview of the role of mental skills• Overview of stage 3 mental skills• Periodisation of mental skills• Tapering• Peaking• Recovery• Overtraining• Burnout• Introduction to Models of Behaviour• Social learning Theory• Social Cognitive Learning Theory• Theory of Reasoned Action
Contents
2
• Theory of Planned Behaviour• Transtheoretical Model of Change• Exercise Adherence• Introduction to Psychological and Sociocultural Issues and Changes• Transition from Junior to Senior Sport• Transition from Amateur to Professional sport• Transition from Elite Sport to Retirement• Values and Participation in Physical Activity• References
Contents
3
Periodisation is the division of the year into smaller, easier to manage blocks of time. Instead of looking at the year as a whole, it is broken down into phases, macrocycles, mesocycles and microcycles.
Annual Training PlanPhase of Training Preparation Phase Competition Phase Eval Transition
Phase
Macro Cycles General Preparation Specific Preparation Pre -
Competition Competition Eval Transition Phase
Mesocycles Microcycles
1. PERIODISATION OF MENTAL SKILLS TRAINING1. PERIODISATION OF MENTAL SKILLS TRAINING
4
Mesocycles are smaller blocks of time which together form a macrocycle. Each mesocycle has a specific goal or objective. Mesocycles are between 4 – 12 weeks long.
A microcycle is a smaller unit of time normally between 3 – 10 days long Several microcycles form a mesocycle.
The annual training programme can be broken down into 4 phases – preparation, competition, evaluation and transition. These 4 phases are then broken down into macrocycles.
Phase of
Training Preparation Phase
Macro Cycles
General Preparation
Specific Preparation
Mesocycles Microcycles
The Preparation Phase broken down to show the relationship between macrocycles, mesocycles and microcycles
The Preparation Phase broken down to show the relationship between macrocycles, mesocycles and microcycles
1. PERIODISATION OF MENTAL SKILLS TRAINING1. PERIODISATION OF MENTAL SKILLS TRAINING
5
3. PEAKING FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE3. PEAKING FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE
•“Peaking” is the term used to describe a temporary training state which allows the athlete to perform at their optimal level . Peaking at key times is a result of a well thought out annual plan.
•Players who have peaked are said to be in the “Ideal Performance State (IPS)” or in “The Zone” which includes being at their optimal readiness to perform from a psychological, physiological, technical and tactical perspective.
www.flickr.com/photos/91572794@N00/3059672858/ www.flickr.com/photos/bryangeek/2814817972/6
Performance
Training Volume
Under training – player not achieving
optimal performance
Under training – player not achieving
optimal performance
Optimal training load – peak performance
Optimal training load – peak performance
Overtraining – performance deteriorates
Overtraining – performance deteriorates
EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON PERFORMANCEEFFECTS OF TRAINING ON PERFORMANCE
7
Overtraining occurs when an athlete has been repeatedly stressed by training to the point where the rest periods between sessions are no longer adequate for recovery to occur.
Overtraining frequently occurs in athletes who are training for competition or a specific event and train beyond the body's ability to recover in the time available. It is an imbalance between work and rest.
Overtraining is also common in young sportsmen / sportswomen who are training with several teams at once eg school, club, district, state. Outstanding Geelong
footballer, Nathan Ablett, (pictured left), was forced to walk away from AFL after he revealed he was suffering from “burnout.”
He no longer enjoyed the game.
www.flickr.com/photos/virginiam/1460502056/
5. OVERTRAINING5. OVERTRAINING
8
www.flickr.com/photos/caveman_92223/3250116134/www.flickr.com/photos/marcopako/2771657304/
Michael Phelps was a role model to millions of young swimmers until he got photographed using drugs.
Discuss;
1. Phelps as a role model before drugs
2. Phelps as a role model after drugs
3. What negative re – enforcements did he get about his behaviour?
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYSOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
9
Role models can have a negative influence by;
•Demonstrating poor sportsmanship / cheating•Being involved in unacceptable off field behaviour – drugs, alcohol etc.•Being aggressive beyond the scope of the rules of the game.•Having no respect for teammates, officials and opponents•Exhibit sexist, racist, or other offensive characteristics.
www.flickr.com/photos/tfa/185470620/
Marion Jones, pictured right was stripped of her gold medals after testing
positive to the use of performance enhancing
drugs.
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYSOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
10
How the senior players / elite players behave can have a positive influence if they;
•Demonstrate high standards of fair play and sportsmanship•Maintain a clean image on and off the field•Respect the game officials, teammates and opponents.•Accept individual differences within the team•Have a high work ethic
An observer / junior player who witnesses these behaviours being positively reinforced is likely to copy them and demonstrate them in the future.
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYSOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
www.flickr.com/photos/24410924@N08/2307436155/
11
The Transtheoretical Model of Change is a 5 step cyclical process that an individual goes through as part of changing their behaviour.
The Transtheoretical Model of Change
TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGETRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGE
12
Stage 5Maintenance
The stage where the new behavior pattern is sustained for an
extended period of time (more than 6 months) and is now consolidated into the lifestyle of the individual. This
maintenance period lasts up to 5 years at which point the individual is
regarded as having made a lifetime commitment to regular
exercise.
TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGETRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGE
www.flickr.com/photos/bootbearwdc/2976121229/ www.flickr.com/photos/michalo/283653390/ 13
• 2 main measures used to gauge when, and the degree to which, behaviour has changed;
1. Decisional balance• Initially, the cons (reasons not to change eg too hard, not enough time,
cannot be bothered) are more significant / important than the pros (benefits of change – eg fitness). As you move through the stages, this imbalance reverses as change occurs.
Determining When Change Occurs
Cons outweigh pros – no real change occurs.Cons outweigh pros – no real change occurs. Pros / Cons about equal –
some change occurs.Pros / Cons about equal – some change occurs.
Pros outweigh cons – significant change occurs.
Pros outweigh cons – significant change occurs.
P
PP
C
C
C
TRANSTHEORETICAL MODELOF CHANGETRANSTHEORETICAL MODELOF CHANGE
14
TRANSITION FROM ELITE SPORT TO RETIREMENTTRANSITION FROM ELITE SPORT TO RETIREMENT
Many of the skills learnt during the course of their careers are transferable and can assist in getting them involved in a new career which utilises these skills eg commentators, umpires, coaching.
www.flickr.com/photos/28990363@N05/3248680662/
Tony Roche won 16 grand slam titles as a player. After retiring from the game, he remained in the sport as a coach of;
•Lleyton Hewitt•Roger Federer•Pat Rafter
Roche has also captained the Australian Davis Cup team.
Tony Roche won 16 grand slam titles as a player. After retiring from the game, he remained in the sport as a coach of;
•Lleyton Hewitt•Roger Federer•Pat Rafter
Roche has also captained the Australian Davis Cup team.
www.flickr.com/photos/foraggio/120235728/
Norma Plummer represented Australia as a player between 1972 – 1981 as a player. In 1996, she coached the Melbourne Phoenix and subsequent to that, the AIS in 1999 before taking over the National team in 2003,
Norma Plummer represented Australia as a player between 1972 – 1981 as a player. In 1996, she coached the Melbourne Phoenix and subsequent to that, the AIS in 1999 before taking over the National team in 2003,
15
VALUES AND PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
VALUES AND PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
CourageSportsmanshipWork EthicRespect for team mates,
opponents and officialsTeam workHonestyIntegrityPutting team before selfLoyalty
Positive Values Learned From Participation in Sport
www.flickr.com/photos/wwworks/2873707251/ www.flickr.com/photos/wjarrettc/105759427/
www.flickr.com/photos/28990363@N05/2935994114/in/set-72157607420048113/16
