38736 03 Ch03 p037-050delgraphics.delmarlearning.com/rizzo3e/sg/rizzo_sg_ch03.pdf · 1. Name the major contributors to the cell theory. 2. State the principles of the modern cell

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O B J EC T I V ES

After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Name the major contributors to the cell theory.

2. State the principles of the modern cell theory.

3. Explain the molecular structure of a cell membrane.

4. Describe the structure and function of the following cellular organelles: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and centrioles.

5. Explain the significance and process of protein synthesis.

C H A P T E R 3

Cell Structure

ACTIVITIES

A. CompletionFill in the blank spaces with the correct term.

1. Higher cells like those of the body are called .

2. Cells without organelles are called .

3. The sperm cell has a(n) to propel it.

4. Cells are measured in terms of .

5. Living cells were first observed by a man named .

NAME: DATE:

38736_03_Ch03_p037-050.indd 3738736_03_Ch03_p037-050.indd 37 8/26/09 11:33:43 AM8/26/09 11:33:43 AM

38 Section 2 • Chapter Exercises

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6. The cell membrane is called the .

7. Protoplasm inside the nucleus is called .

8. A molecule with unequal distribution of bonding electrons is said to be .

9. Compounds that do not readily dissolve in water are .

10. Human body cells contain chromosomes.

11. A spherical particle within the nucleoplasm is the .

12. The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria are called .

13. All cells have approximately the same number of .

14. In a cell, proteins are assembled from .

15. The expulsion of lysosome enzymes into cell cytoplasm is known as .

16. Membrane forming a collection of cavities is the .

17. Rough ER is a site of .

18. The points of collection for compounds to be secreted are the .

19. Messenger RNA attaches to during protein synthesis.

20. The molecule that copies codes from the DNA molecule in the nucleus is called RNA.

21. RNA will go into the cytoplasm and collect amino acids.

22. Two centrioles are referred to as a(n) .

23. Cellular organelles located on the surface are and .

24. Euglena are propelled by a(n) .

25. Paramecium is propelled by .

26. cause plants to look green.

27. occurs inside chloroplasts.

28. Layers of proteins, enzymes, and chlorophyll make up the .

29. Plant cell walls are composed of .

30. Carotenoid pigments are and .

31. The molecules of proteins and phospholipids in the cell membrane are referred to in their arrangement as a(n) pattern.

32. It is on the of the mitochondria that cellular respiration occurs.

33. is a natural process by which cells in the body die and is controlled by specific genes.

B. MatchingMatch the term on the right with the definition on the left.

34. structure within protoplasm a. chromatin

35. organelles for photosynthesis b. lysosome

36. protoplasm inside nucleus c. organelles

37. one-thousandth of a millimeter d. Golgi body

38. attracts water e. antigens

39. repels water f. chloroplasts


Chapter 3 • Cell Structure 39

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40. protoplasm outside nucleus g. chlorophyll

41. dark threads in nucleus h. micrometer

42. controls all cell functions i. hydrophilic

43. contain digestive enzymes j. cytoplasm

44. smooth ER k. nucleoplasm

45. resembles a stack of saucers l. tubulin

46. foreign proteins m. hydrophobic

47. protein makes long hollow cylinders n. agranular

48. plants look green o. DNA

C. Key TermsUse the text to look up the following terms. Write the definition or explanation.

49. Autolysis:

50. Carotene:

51. Chromatin:

52. Chromoplast:

53. Cisternae:

54. Colloid:

55. Deoxyribonucleic acid:



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56. Golgi apparatus:

57. Leucoplasts:

58. Messenger RNA:

59. Microtubules:

60. Nonpolar:

61. Nucleolus:

62. Plasma membrane:

63. Polar:

64. Prokaryotic:

65. Protein synthesis:



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66. Ribonucleic acid:

67. Transcription:

68. Translation:

69. Vacuoles:

70. Xanthophyll:



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D. Labeling Exercise 71. Label the parts of the cell indicated in Figure 3-1.

C.

F.

A. B.

E.

D.

Figure 3-1

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.



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A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

A.

B.

E.

D.

C.

Figure 3-2

72. Label the chromosomal organization as indicated in Figure 3-2.



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E. Coloring Exercise 73. Using Figure 3-3, color the chloroplasts green, the cell wall brown, the mitochondria blue, and the

cytoplasm gray.

F. Critical ThinkingAnswer the following questions in complete sentences.

74. Explain the symbiotic relationship between plants and animals.

Figure 3-3



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75. The invention of the microscope was necessary for the development of cell theory. What invention or process was needed before the microscope?

76. Why is water a major constituent of the body and how is it used?

77. Explain the relationship of DNA and RNA.

78. Normal cells contain 46 chromosomes. Which cells contain fewer, how many, and why?

79. Why do muscle cells have mitochondria with cristae?

80. When is agranular ER attached to granular ER?

81. Why do plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose?



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G. Crossword Puzzle

1 2

3 4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0 1 1

1 2

1 3 1 4 1 5

1 6 1 7

2 0 1 9 1 8

2 1

2 2

2 3

2 4

2 5

2 6

Complete the crossword puzzle using the following clues.

ACROSS DOWN

1. Cell membrane 1. Like bacteria cells

5. Spherical with no membrane 2. Cell’s powerhouse

6. Makes plant cell wall 3. Organelle like hair

7. Copying DNA code 4. Unequal bonding electrons

8. Cell suicide 5. Protoplasm in nucleus

9. First described cells 12. DNA and protein

10. Control center of cell 14. Attracts water

11. Stack of thylakoid 15. Used in cell division

13. Plant cell plastid 16. Colloidal cell liquid

17. Structures in cell protoplasm 19. Long hollow cylinders of protein

18. Light energy to chemical energy 20. Matching of DNA codes

22. Inner folds of mitochondrion 21. Responsible for protein synthesis

23. Storage area in cell 22. Cell’s genetic material

24. Contain digestion enzymes

25. No pigment plastid

26. Flat sac-like cisternae



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CHAPTER QUIZ

1. Bacteria cells are

a. organelles d. prokaryotic b. eukaryotic e. none of the above c. round

Answer:

2. The most prominent structure in the cell is the

a. mitochondrion d. lysosome b. nucleus e. vacuole c. ribosome

Answer:

3. The fi rst person to observe a living cell was

a. Hooke d. Harvey b. Schwann e. Leeuwenhoek c. Schleidon

Answer:

4. ATP is needed in cells for which process?

a. diffusion d. passage of water molecules b. active transport e. passage of ions c. osmosis

Answer:

5. Which of the following is NOT a function of protein in the cell membrane?

a. ATP synthesis d. identity markers b. pass molecules and ions e. sodium-potassium pump c. receptors for hormones

Answer:

6. Protoplasm is

a. an organelle d. the liquid portion of cell b. part of the cell membrane e. a hormone c. in the nucleus

Answer:

7. Clumps of atoms distributed throughout a medium is a

a. cytoplasm d. nucleic acid b. molecule e. colloid c. solution

Answer:

8. A polar molecule has which of the following?

a. O positive and H negative d. O negative and H positive b. O and H no charge e. H neutral and O positive c. O neutral and H positive

Answer:



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9. Compounds of unequal distribution of bonding electrons are said to be

a. colloid d. clumping b. soluble e. enzymes c. nonpolar

Answer:

10. Which of the following would NOT go into a solution?

a. sodium d. phosphorus b. potassium e. none of the above c. chlorine

Answer:

11. Which of the following are NOT colloidally suspended in the cytoplasm?

a. proteins d. nucleic acid b. carbohydrates e. none of the above c. fats

Answer:

12. Which of the following are NOT surrounded by a membrane?

a. nucleus d. vacuole b. nucleolus e. plant cell c. animal cell

Answer:

13. The code to make protein is found on the

a. RNA d. DNA b. ribosome e. lysosome c. mitochondria

Answer:

14. The genetic material of the cell is found in the

a. chromatin d. nuclear membrane b. RNA e. cisternae c. ribosomes

Answer:

15. There are many folds in the

a. plasma membrane d. vacuole membrane b. nuclear membrane e. plant membrane c. mitochondrion membrane

Answer:

16. Cellular respiration occurs on the

a. RNA d. cisternae b. plasma membrane e. lysosome c. cristae

Answer:

17. Mitochondria with many cristae will be found in which cells?

a. skin d. nerve b. blood e. muscle c. lymph

Answer:



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18. Maintenance and repair of cellular components is a function of the

a. lysosome d. ribosomes b. mitochondria e. parallelism c. nucleolus

Answer:

19. Sac-like or channel-like cisternae are found in the

a. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondria b. nucleus e. Golgi body c. ribosomes

Answer:

20. The site of protein synthesis in the cell is the

a. Golgi body d. mitochondria b. nucleus e. endoplasmic reticulum c. ribosome

Answer:

21. The concentration of compounds to be secreted is a function of the

a. Golgi body d. mitochondria b. nucleus e. endoplasmic reticulum c. ribosome

Answer:

22. The substance that gives plants a green color is

a. carotene d. xanthophyll b. glucose e. cellulose c. chlorophyll

Answer:

23. The substance that gives plants a red-orange color is


Answer:

24. The fi ber in our diet from plants is the substance


Answer:

25. Protein synthesis relies on which of the following?

a. grana d. vacuoles b. leucoplasts e. lamella c. mRNA

Answer:



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26. During protein synthesis amino acids are collected. The code for a particular amino acid is made possible by three bases using the element

a. potassium d. sulfur b. nitrogen e. phosphorous c. chlorine

Answer:

27. Centrioles function during

a. protein synthesis d. cell division b. digestion e. ATP production c. photosynthesis

Answer:

28. The number of plastids found in plant cells is

a. 1 d. 4 b. 2 e. 5 c. 3

Answer:

29. The process of photosynthesis occurs in the

a. leucoplast d. chloroplast b. nucleus e. chromoplast c. xanthophyll

Answer:

30. The nuclear membrane allows certain materials to leave the nucleus through

a. pores d. vacuoles b. tubules e. cisternae c. microtubules

Answer:

31. The protoplasm outside the nucleus is called

a. RNA d. nucleoplasm b. lysozyme e. preplasm c. cytoplasm

Answer:

32. The nuclear membrane is sometimes referred to as the nuclear

a. acid d. vacuole b. lysosome e. envelope c. cytoplasm

Answer:

33. Chromosomes are made of DNA molecules and

a. proteins d. prostaglandins b. RNA molecules e. nuclear membranes c. lipids

Answer:


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38736 03 Ch03 p037-050delgraphics.delmarlearning.com/rizzo3e/sg/rizzo_sg_ch03.pdf · 1. Name the major contributors to the cell theory. 2. State the principles of the modern cell