35953156 Industrial Training of PTL REPORT

5/22/2018 35953156 Industrial Training of PTL REPORT

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PREFACE

If you know the laws of buoyancy it doesnt mean that you know

how to swim. It is only through jumping in the water that you get

the feel of the depth. This is applicable to every aspect of life.

Therefore practical training is of utmost importance.

The object of undergoing this training was to get familiar with

the weary waters of the industry and to learn how to put theory

into practice. I have been greatly privileged to have undergone

training at PTL.

This report contains the extract of things I learned during my

training period.

HARPREET SINGH


2/42

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ny endeavor cannot lead to success unless and until a proper platform is provided

for the same. This is the reason I find myself very fortunate to have undergone

my industrial training of four weeks at PUNJAB TRACTORS LIMITED. The

persons of my department and all other departments have extended a warm and

helping hand.

I am very fortunate to have had a chance to feel the gravity of what role !echanica

"ngineering plays in the industry. It was a golden opportunity for me to get a chanc

to experience what it feels to be in a company where discipline# $uality and hard wor

are the motto. This training helped me a lot in bridging the gap between th

theoretical and the practical aspects of my knowledge.

%irst of all I would like to thank Mr. K.K Sharma for his valuable guidance &

encouragement as a teacher and a friend throughout my training period.

I am also thankful to MR. J. SINGH for giving me an opportunity to underg

training in such a renowned company.

!y heartily thanks to Mr.H.S.Baweja who was my project manager & my guid

through the project works. They always went out of their way to help me at all times

Their experience & knowledge motivated me to bring out the best in times.

I am sure that the knowledge & information that I have gained during this perio

would be of immense value for my growth in the field of !echanical "ngineering.

'(P(""T )I*+'


3/42

CONTENTS

1. I*,I* T(-T( I*,/)T(0.

2. 1"+I**I*+ % I*,I* T(-T( I*,/)T(0.

3. !T/(I*+ 0"() % I*,I* T(-T( I*,/)T(0.

2. I*,/)T(0 )T(/-T/(".

3. %/T/(" PT"*TIL.

4. -!P*05) /TL6.

7. I*T(,/-TI* T -!P*0

8. )L") )-"*(I % 9(I/) T(-T( -!P*I")

:. P(,/-T) !*/%-T/(",

; +(/P

;;. !*/%-T/(I*+ )0)T"!

;?. @/LIT0 -*T(L I*)P"-TI*

;A. !I*T"**-" ,"PTT.

;2. 1I1LI+'(P'0


4/42

INDIAN TRACTOR INDUSTRY

I!r"#$%!&" '

India being a predominantly agricultural country# where agriculture is the

life and blood of the economy# has been a traditional manufacturer of

different types of farm machinery and implements. 'owever# the use of

advanced agricultural techni$ues in India started only in early sixties.

!oderniBation and tractorCiBation in Indian agriculture is only post

independence phenomenon. ne of the achievements of green revolution has

been that the farmers increasingly realiBed the advantage of tractorCiBation

for obtaining the timeliness of operations. This would happen only because of

awareness of new farm technology among the farmers# rise in the level of

their income and education.

The biological source of energy especially bullocks# could not cope with the

re$uirements of the changed situation. Therefore# introduction of tractors

got accelerated in several agriculturally advanced states of country like

Punjab# 'aryana# !aharashtra# etc. Tractors were introduced to Indian

agriculture in early twenties. )h. >oginder )ingh was the first farmer to

$(ea tractor# called a steam plough then# on the ;?


5/42

India is primarily an agrarian nation# with more than 3< per cent of our +,P

being contributed directly or indirectly by agriculture. *o wonder# India is

considered the largest tractor market in the world. If that sounds great# let

us face hard facts. In terms of total tractors in use in the country# we are

ranked a distant eighth. In terms of penetration# India has a tractor density

of ;


6/42

The Be)&&) "* I#&a Tra%!"r I#$(!r+

The decade of 4


7/42

The Ma!$r&) Year( ,=ith the entry of new units in ;:7< and increasing +overnment pressure

towards indigeniBation picked up substantially after ;:7< and by ;:78 almost

all the tractors manufactured were nearly indigenous. fillip to

indigeniBation was also given by the overall industrialiBation of the country#

when a large number of ancillary manufactures had also established them

and were in a position to supply a wide variety of components to the tractor

industry.

The sharp liberaliBation of imports in ;:7< had given the nascent Indian

Tractor Industry a substantial setback in ;:7


8/42

(ange of Tractors available in India H


9/42

I#$(!r+ S!r$%!$re

The tractor industry is segmented on the power J siBe of the tractor engine#

expressed in terms of horse power F'PG. The 'PCwise composition of tractor

industry sales Fas shown in the table 4 and the graph showing Indian 'P(ange TrendsG reveals that A;C2< 'P tractors still constitute the largest

segment with 37D of the total tractor sales in %inancial 0ear F%0G ?


10/42

F$!$re -"!e!&a

=ith a total of ;2< million hectares and with the performance of around

?.;8 lac tractors in the year ?


11/42

P.T.L./( B&r!h

6eeping in mind Punjabs agrarian economy it was decided by the Punjab

government to encourage the growth of industries# which complement

Punjabs agriculture growth. This task was entrusted to Punjab )tateIndustrial ,evelopment -orporation FP)I,-G# which has played a major role

in bringing Punjab to the threshold of the industrial revolution.

=ith the dual objective of industrial and agriculture growth# P/*>1

T(-T() LI!IT", was established on ?7 >une ;:7


12/42

Gr"w!h "* PTL

Punjab Tractors Limited started with an annual capacity of 3


13/42

Or&)& "* !he w"r# 1SWARAJ2

The word )=(># in 'indi# means Mfreedom from bondage. )ince# P.T.L.

was the first largest tractor project in India# moreover fully based upon

Indian technology. )o M)=(> was appropriately chosen as its brandname.

)=(> +(/P sells its product under this brand name.

P"(&!&" "* SWARAJ -r"#$%!( & mar0e!

=ith more than ? Lac tractors and harvester combines operating in Indian

farms# )=(> are now a wellCestablished brand name in country.

)=(> is also an internationally recogniBed name in the developing world.

The products of )=(> are not only restricted to Indian market but#

they had entered in international market. )=(> tractors find an

important place in developing countries like +hana# TanBania# Nambia# 6enya#

)udan# /ganda# Indonesia# !alaysia# etc. They are also sending their

'arvesting -ombines to )outh 6orea having first - cabin 'arvesting

-ombine in India. "arlier# they had also transported the machined rims to

>apan# a project worth millions of dollars.

SALES SCENARIO OF 3ARIOUS TRACTOR COMPANIES

*owadays# the markets are flooded with tractors of various companies. !ostof the companies provide a range Fin terms of powerG of tractors to capture

the market. The data is collected for the year. %ollowing is the detailed list

of sales of leading tractorCproducing companies


14/42

=e see that threeCfour companies dominate total tractor production in

India and around. )=(> occupies third position in the market in terms of

sales of tractors.

LIST OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED

)=(> +(/P of industries manufactures a number of products.

%ollowing is the list of the components manufactured by them

T(-T(

'(9")T( -!1I*")

%(6 LI%T(")

LI+'T -!!"(-IL 9"'I-L")

)'"LT"()

"*+I*")

-)TI*+)


15/42

4. TRACTOR

%ollowing is the list of models of tractors that have been

manufactured by this company

1. )=(> 7?? a ?3 bhp tractor introduced in ? 7A3 a A: bhp tractor introduced in ;:73

2. )=(> 7? 8A2 a 33 bhp tractor introduced in ?


16/42

%ollowing is the list of fork lifters manufactured

a. %,H;3 %1H;3

b. %,H?< %1H? %/*,(0

,I9I)I* produces housing re$uired for the production of tractors. lso#

castings of various pulleys# reduction gearbox and gearbox of 'arvester

-ombine are also supplied by %oundry ,ivision.


17/42

U&!( "* SWARAJ Gr"$- ,

riginally# )=(> had set up its plant for the production of tractors. 1ut

with the passage of time# to fulfill the re$uirements of Indian market# it

diversified into other fields# with the collaboration of foreign companies like6omatsu# !aBda etc. it opened its new ,ivision near -handigarh. %ollowing

are the five divisions of )=(> +(/P

< SWARAJ COMBINE DI3ISION

< SWARAJ FOUNDARY DI3ISION

< SWARAJ ENGINE DI3ISION

< SWARAJ TRACTOR DI3ISION

SWARAJ COMBINE DI3ISION

It was set up in ;:8< in village -happercheri# on Landran road near 6harar in

,istt. (opar. It was started with a capital layout of (s. ?.4 crores to

manufacture selfCpropelled harvester combines modeled )=(>C8;


18/42

)=(> -!1I*" ,I9I)I* F),G is also producing %I1(" ("

"*%(-", PL)TI- F%(PG shelters for Indian army. )helters are used for

various purposes like housing electronic data# handling systems# refrigerated

vans# mobile radio stations and other similar defense applications.

SWARAJ FOUNDARY DI3ISION

This plant is located in village !ajri near 6urali in (opar ,istt. It is situated

at a distance of around ?? km from -handigarh. This plant was set up in the

year ;:8< with an initial investment of (s. ;3 crores.

This division supplies the casting to all other units of )=(> +(/P. It

includes supply of input shafts# hub# gear main drive and many other

components used in L.!.). In '.!.). shop it supply gearbox# differential

rear cover# trumpet housing. The current capacity of this plant is 8


19/42

SWARAJ TRACTORS DI3ISION =MOHALI>

Introduction C

)waraj Tractor ,ivision is situated at phaseCI9# )..). *agar# an important

industrial town# 3 6m from -handigarh# in (opar ,istrict# in Punjab. It was

set up on !ay ?7# ;:7< with the dual objective of industrial and agriculture

growth. It was the first )=(> ,I9I)I* to be set up. This was Indias

first largeCscale project totally based upon indigenous design and technology

of India itself. It manufactures different models of tractors i.e.# of

different 'Ps. Presently around :


20/42

'uman (esource and ,evelopment

International 1usiness ,ivision

!anufacturing

!aterial )ervices

)waraj utomotive Limited

)waraj !otors Limited

)enior 9ice President F!arketingG

Level 2 9ice President

FAC2 under each "xecutive ,irector in

level AG

Level 3 ssistant 9ice President

Level 4 +eneral !anager

Level 7 -hief !anager

Level 8 )enior !anager

Level : !anager

Level ;< ssistant !anager

Level ;; )enior "ngineer

Level ;? "ngineer

Level ;A ssistant "ngineer

Level ;2 >unior "ngineer

Level ;3 perating -lass


21/42

Ma$*a%!$r&) S+(!em

)T, operates through a series of departments# which can be broadly

classified into

;. Production

Light machine shop FL!)G

'eavy machine shop F'!)G

ssembly shop

'eat treatment shop

Paint shop

?. Product services

Tool room

Tool control cell FTG

Industrial engineering

(esearch & ,evelopment

Production planning & control FPPG

!aterial !anagement & control F)toresG

@uality "ngineering

!aintenance

-onstruction

A. )upport )ervices

!anagement systems

%inances

Purchase


22/42

LIGHT MACHINE SHOP =LMS>

I*,(,/-TI*

L!) is the largest section in the factory. ll transmission components viB.

shafts and gears used in Tractors are manufactured here. It has more than

;?< machinesE %acilities of this shop include "$uipment for blank operation#

boring# drilling etc. "xcept the bevel gear generator & gear shaver# which

have been imported from =Iv;= & -hurchill of =est +ermany respectively#

all other machines are from '!T Ltd. The rupees thirty one million plant and

machinery of this shop installed in an area of AA#


23/42

F$%!&" "* !he #e-ar!me!

+ear manufacture and grinding# machining of bull gears# bevel gear cutting of

all rounds on power hacksaws# facing and centering# all type of grinding inner

and outer gears# hobbing and broaching machine. +ear shaving gear deburring

machine# drilling of all gears reporting system# number of workmen shifts

operations

I!er rea!&"( w&!h "!her #e-ar!me!(

Tool room jigs# fixtures and cutting tools

!aintenance attending breakdowns and carrying out preventive

maintenance of machine tools etc.

Industrial engineering provision of process charts for machining

operations.

ssembly ensuring proper fitment of components.

Production planning and coCordination !icro loading of components on

a daily basis.

@uality control and inspection# storage and inspection ( & ,

'eat treatmentC shot blasting operations lab testing# inspection etc.


24/42

D&**ere! Ma$*a%!$r&) O-era!&"( I LMS

%acing It is the operations of finishing the ends of the work# to make the

ends flat and smooth& to make the piece of re$uired length.

/nder -utting It is similar to grooving operation but is performed inside a

hole.

-hamfering It is the operation of beveling the extreme end of the work

piece. -hamfer is provided for better lookJto rough turning in this

operations max. !etal is removed &very little oversiBe dimensions is left for

further machining.

%inish Turning 'ere min. metal is removed &very fine finish is obtained on

the work surface.

+rooving It is the operation of turning the groove or neck in order to

terminate a thread or to provide ade$uate clearance enable nut to pass

freely on threaded work piece# to remove burs &to protect the work piece

from being damaged.

6nurling It is a proc of embossing a diamond shaped regular pattern on the

surface of the work piece using a special knurling tool.

1roaching It is a method of metal removal by a tool that has successively

higher cutting edges in a fixed path. "ach tooth removes a fixed amount of

material.

,rilling It is a process of making hole in an object by forcing a rotating tool

called drill.

1oring It is a process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled.


25/42

+rinding To grind means to Oabrade to wear away by friction or to

Osharpen .In grinding# the material is removed by a means of a rotating

abrasive wheel. It is generally used for sharpening the cutting tool# for

grinding threads# better surface finish etc.

'obbing It is the process of cutting teeth on gear &shafts & is performed

by a rotating tool called hob on the hobbing machine.

)haping The process of cutting gears on the shaper is known as shaping. The

tool used in shaping for teeth cutting is a multipoint cutting tool.

HEA3Y MACHINE SHOP

I*T(,/-TI*

ll heavy castings of tractors are machined in this shop with the help of

variety of special machines F)P!G.

These machines are tailor made by '!T to suit component re$uirements.

bout ?< )P! and A< +P! are installed in a covered area of 27#


26/42

FUNCTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT

!achining of heavy castings like differential housing# gear box housing# rear

cover# trumpet housing# steering housing of tractors# machining of tractors

parts# machining of some components for !aBda.

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

'ierarchy# reporting system# no. of workmen# shift operations.

INTER,RELATION WITH OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Tool room C (e$uirement of jigs# fixtures and cutting tools.

!aintenance C ttending breakdown and carrying out preventive

maintenance of machine tools.

Industrial engineering C Provide process charts for machining

operations.

ssembly C "nsuring proper fitment of components# production

planning and control# micro loading of components on dayCtoCday basis.

@uality control & inspection H )torage and inspection.

(&,

Paint shop


27/42

TYPES OF MACHINES

(adial drilling machine

9ertical milling

'oriBontal milling

)implex milling

,uplex milling

Lathe

,ouble end

TJ= boring

utomatic lathe

)P! Fspecial purpose !JcG

ASSEMBLY SHOP

%unction

ssembly of all finished components and bought out components for )warajC

7??# 7?2# 7AA# 7A3# 722# 8A2

)ections in ssembly

;. -age ssembly

?. PT )haft ssembly

A. 1P) LJ( ssembly.


28/42

2. ,ifferential ssembly and Testing

3. Trumpet 'sg. and ssembly.

4. ,ifferential 'sg. and Trumpet 'sg. ssembly.

7. +ear 1ox ssembly. and testing

8. (ear -over ssembly and testing

:. )teering ssembly.

;


29/42

?2. %ender ssembly. with lights and other electrical fitments

?3. (adiator ssembly.

?4. ,ash 1oard ssembly and )eat assembly.

?7. %uel Tank ssembly.

?8. )ide panel# 1onnet# %ront )hield# (ear )hield# %ront +rill etc ssembly.

?:. ir -leaner and "xhaust ssembly.

A


30/42

2. )teering +ear 1ox ssembly. +ear )hifting !echanism ssembly.

1rake assembly.

3. ssembly of various links# %oot 1oard and other accessories.

4. ssembly. of engine with -lutch mechanism.

7. ssembly. of 3 and 4 assemblies.

D&**ere!&a A((em@+8

1efore the various differential parts such as 1P shaft# differential cage etc.

are assembled# the various subCassembly. of parts listed above are

performed in the sub units. In the first unit# both the 1P shafts are fitted

with various components such as circular clips# needle bearings etc. to be

able to be assembled to the differential -age. This constitutes the assembly

of -ross 1ar# Planetary +ear# Planetary +ear -over# and -rown =heel etc.

The various bolts re$uired making the assembly. of about parts and integral

one are bolted using a pneumatic bolter gun.

fter this# the differential cage is collected from the conveyor firstly

fitted with the necessary bearing races. Then the differential -age unit and

the 1P shaft are assembled# making up a complete one unit. The Trumpet

'sg. and the xles are assembled in a different assembly shop and there on

the whole unit along with the 1ull +ears is assembled to the differential

-age. The ssembly of ,ifferential 'sg. is complete with the assembly of

lay shaft ext.# the oil filter and the brake mechanism

D&**ere!&a C"er A((em@+

The second stage of ssembly shop is the differential cover assembly shop

which incorporates the gear pump assembly. nd the direction control valve.

The ,I cover is collected from the conveyor and the various attachments


31/42

such as Power -ylinder# Piston ssembly.# il Pump# ,-9 9alve etc. is made#

and the cover is tested for its efficiency on the testing jig. fter which it is

sent to the first stage where the whole unit is assembled to the ,c

assembly. nd further sent to the 3 stages of the assembly.

Gear B" A((em@+

The +ear 1ox ssembly is the third stage of the assembly unit in which the

gear box is assembled. %irstly# the gearbox cage is collected from the

conveyor roller and successively parts such as the counter shafts# clutch

shafts# main shaft along with the ball bearings are assembled to the unit.

There is separate sub unit assembling the planetary cage and gears# which is

then attached to the +ear 1ox output shaft to obtain the duplex speed

ratios of the tractor. The box after being tested for its efficiency is sent

to the 3 stages.

S!eer&) Gear B" Gear Sh&*!&) Bra0e A((em@+8

This unit consists of 2 stages of the assembly unit. In this unit the sub

assembly of the steering gear box# gear shift mechanism on gear cover the

brake mechanism is assembled of these mentioned sub assemblies# the brake

assembly is sent to the ; stage of assembly and the steering gear box and

gear box cover assembly is sent to the A stage of assembly. part from

these sub assembly unit also produces the 6P) assembly.


32/42

A((em@+ "* Gear B" D&**ere!&a H( a# "!her a%%e(("r&e(

In the 3 stage of assembly# the +ear 1ox is mantled to the differential

part from thisE various other accessories such as %oot 1oard# 1attery

-lamp and other links such as ccelerator Pedal Link# -lutch link# 1rake Link

etc are mantled in this section.

A((em@+ "* E)&e C$!%h Me%ha&(m

This unit is separate 4 stage of assembly in which the engines are received

from the stores and fitted with the clutch mechanism and lay beam along

with the counter weights.

A((em@+ "* E)&e w&!h !he re(! !ra(m&((&" (e%!&"

The assembly of the engine and rest of the transmission is done within the

7 stage. In this stage the whole of the chassis is formed as an integral unit.

The various links and mechanism between the engine and the gear box or

diff is fastened together and the whole integral unit is checked for its

complete accessories etc. In all the above stages of assembly# the skilled

workers are used to accomplish all the stages of assembly. 1ut they are also

held by the pneumatic bolt guns and the over head automatic conveyors and

the alarm conveyor etc to make their job easy. lso the whole of the

assembly is done on the assembly jigs or stands which is kept moving at a

speed of about 7cmJmm. lso it is to be made in mind that any spill of the

sub parts such as bolts# nuts etc. by mistake is not going to spoil the workingspace as all these

spills gets underneath the working space and as a result the working space

remains clean and tidy.


33/42

Hea! !rea!me!

I*T(,/-TI*

'eat treatment shop plays a very important role in every industry. In

automobile industry the important components are gears# shafts etc. theseneed to be heat treated to impart desired strength and increase the life of

components. The heat treatment shop at PTL is e$uipped with several gas

carburising furnaces# $uenching tanks# induction hardening machines and

shot blasting furnaces. The shop is manned by a highly skilled work force.

L&(! "* %"m-"e!( hea!,!rea!e# & !h&( (h"-

ll gears produced in L!)

ll shafts produced in L!)

L&(! "* ma%h&e( & hea! !rea!me! (h"-

%ollowing are the machines# which are used in the heat treatment shop

+as carbursing furnace

Induction hardening machine

@uenching tank

)hot blasting machine

Tempering machine

Lapping machine

'ydraulic press


34/42

C"mm"+ $(e# !erm( a# "-era!&"(

Car@$r&(&)

Process of adding carbon to the large surface layer of the component is

called carburising. It is the process of case hardening# which is the addition

of some elements like carbon# nitrogen to the surface by diffusion from the

surrounding medium at high temperature. It can be done in three ways C

Ga( %ar@$r&(&) L&$ %ar@$r&(&) Pa%0 %ar@$r&(&)

The purpose of carburising is to obtain high surface wear resistance and to

obtain a hard surface. t PTL gas carburising is carried out in muffle

furnace using isopropyl alcohol as a source of carbonaceous gas. The

hydrocarbon decomposes at a high temperature thereby releasing atomic

carbon. In this case it is necessary to maintain a continuous fresh stream of

carburising gases. The amount of carburising gases depends upon rate of

combustion of gases. Tempering generally follows a carburisation process#

which is done to avoid brittleness due to cementite network and to make the

surface ductile.

Tem-er&)

It is the generally the final operation of all the steel components after they

have been hardened. These processes consist of heating to marten site

state for a scheduled period to an indicated temperature in a range between

room temperature and critical temperature# followed by cooling. It reduces

the internal stresses and stabiliBes the internal structure of the component.

It converts hard brittle steel into metal of hardness as well as ductility by

reducing grain siBe. -ooling rate after temperature rise also affects the

residual stresses# slower the cooling rate lesser the stresses.


35/42

N"rma&?&)

*ormaliBing is a type of heat treatment applicable to ferrous metals only..

In this process iron alloy casting is heated to about 3


36/42

Sh"! @a(!&)

1ombarding the component with lead fillings does it. The reason for shot

blasting is to clean the surface i.e. removes scales and material from the

component. clean uniform and in some cases final finished components is

obtained after shot blasting.

Few %"m-"e!( " wh&%h hea! !rea!me! &( #"e are8

;. 1ull gear C

-ase carburising C it is electrically heated to :;< degree

-elsius for ;AC;2 hours along with li$uid feed.

@uenching C it is then cooled at 8;


37/42

PAINT SHOP

O-era!&"( -er*"rme# & -a&! (h"- are8

)urface Preparation FPre Treatment -ellGCcarried out for sheets andrims.

Painting

Inspection

(ejection F(eprocessingGCfor sheets and rims.

Pre Treatment -ell

3ar&"$( -r"%e#$re( *""we# here are8

,egreasing

=ater (insing Fpart which is degreased is alkaline in nature so rinsed

with water due to its being good solventG.

,e (usting

)urface oxidation

Phosphating Fdone so as to form a thin layer of coating on part so that

no surface remains unpaintedG.

Passination Fdone so as to avoid paint penetrating through certain

section of part bodys surfaceG.

Pa&!&)

Cha((&( Pa&! L&e8 O-era!&"( %arr&e# "$! here are8


38/42

=ashing 'ere chassis is first washed with a chemical cleaner#

concentration of which is 3D and auto sprayed in a chamber.

,rying The chassis is then dried by hot air whose temperature is up

to 4< to 7


39/42

/niformity

Reje%!&"

If piece is rejected it is either again processed whereby is again send to

PT- or discarded.

A MORE ABOUT SWARAJ TRACTOR DI3ISION IN 3ERY BRIEF

LAYOUT8

Layout in the plant is the combination of the line and the batch layouts.

MATERIAL HANDLING EUIPMENTS8

Trucks of different types

Trolleys

-ranes of different types

1elt conveyors# overhead conveyors

(oller conveyorsC most common in use

-hain conveyors

'oists

MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT

I*T(,/-TI*

!any changes have taken place in the maintenance system and practice used

in the industries with the progress made by technology. long with

production# maintenance plays vital role. In fact production and maintenance

go side by side If a machine is under breakdown# it can not be subjected to

the production process with the advent of new and modern technology# the

entire concept of maintenance has changed. "arlier maintenance practices

were only confined to the breakdown maintenance# but now different types

of maintenance practices are followed like


40/42

;. )cheduled maintenance

?. 1reak down maintenance

A. Preventive maintenance

2. Predictive maintenance

The following are the main objectives of maintenance

To achieve the minimum break down level and to achieve the

production target at low cost.

To keep the plant in proper working condition.

!achine and other facilities should be arranged so that they can be

used to their max. capacity.

The !aintenance division of the factory ensures the availability of all

the facilities necessary for the performance of functions at optimum

return of investment.

IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE

;. "$uipment breakdown leads to inevitable loss of production time# which is

prevented by maintenance department.

?. Plant maintenance plays an important role in production management by

preventing breakdowns which caves inevitable shortfall of target# needs of

subCcontracting work# rescheduling of production# need of over time etc.

A. (outine checkCup of facilities ensure safe and efficient operation ofmachinery.

2. !aintains optimum production efficiency of machinery

3. 'elps in maintaining the operational accuracy and reduces the work

content.


41/42

4. (educe breakdowns and concerned downtimes thus achieving the target of

max. production at min.cost.

7. "nsure safety of life and limbs of workers and machine operators.

=ith rise in the technology# not only predictive and preventive action bus

the concept of cost cutting# proper utiliBation of resources #better spare

parts planning# training have also become important now.

This can be made possible to cent percent by systematic maintenance. In

Punjab tractors limited systematic maintenance operations are practiced to

improve the plant availability and to achieve the goal at a reasonable cost.i.e. to achieve availability performance at the lowest cost and within the

safety constants.

t present the maintenance deptt. of PTL have five subsections.

;. "lectrical maintenance cell

?. "ngineering machine maintenance cell

A. !aterial handling e$uipment maintenance cell.

2. )pare part planning and control cell.

3. "ngineering utility maintenance

6elley defines maintenance as the operation of a pool of resources like men#

spares and tools directed towards controlling the level of availability and the

condition of the plant. The function of maintenance is to use these reA

sources to repair# replace and adjust or modify the parts of plant to be

enabling it to operate the specified availability and performance over a

specified time for the specified life.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

!y training was the most versatile experience. I had the pleasure to do the

work with one of the most reputed factory in their fieldC 1PUNJAB

TRACTORS LTD.2I received the blend of experience in Private as well as in

+ovt. sector. It was a good learning time during my training as we were

fortunate to be placed in the department related to manufacturing. I feel

training has give me exposure to undergo projects in the !anufacturing field

as well help me a lot to understand the company work culture# working with

teams and much more. In the end I will like to thank all persons who helped

me through out my training to enhance my experience. I also pay my regards

to my Lecturers for their guidance during my training and my cademics

helped me to do a lot during my training.

'(P(""T )I*+'

Documents

35953156 Industrial Training of PTL REPORT