35.1 Biology Notes Abby Jackson

8/3/2019 35.1 Biology Notes Abby Jackson

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Abby Jackson

Period 6

35.1 Notes: Human Body Systems

Terms Explanations

Levels of Organization in a

Multicellular Organism

y Cells

y Tissues (groups of similar cells that perform a single function)

y Organs (a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex

function; ex: sight)

y Organ systems (a group of organs that perform closely related functions)

The 11 organ systems of the human body work together to maintain

homeostasis in the body as a whole

Nervous System y Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

y Recognizes and coordinates the bodys response to changes inits internal and external environments

Integumentary System y Skin, hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands

y Serves as a barrier against infection and injury; helps to regulate

body temperature; provides protection against ultraviolet

radiation from the sun

Respiratory Systemy Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs y Provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes

excess carbon dioxide from the body

Digestive System y Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines;

rectum

y Converts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the



cells of the body; absorbs food; eliminates wastes

Excretory System y Skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethera

y Eliminates waste products from the body in ways that maintain

homeostasis

Skeletal System y Bones Cartilage, ligaments, tendons

y Supports the body; protects internal organs; allows movement;

stores mineral reserves; provides a site for blood cell formation

Muscular System y Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

y Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement;

helps to circulate blood and move food through the digestive

system

Circulatory System y Heart, blood vessels, blood

y Brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection;

removes cell wastes; helps to regulate body temperature

Endocrine System y Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals,

pancreas, ovaries (in females), testes (in males)

y Controls growth, development, and metabolism; maintains

homeostasis

Reproductive System y Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethera, and penis (in males);

ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina (in females)

y Produces reproductive cells; in females, nurtures and protects

developing embryo

Lymphatic/Immune systems y White blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels

y Helps protect the body from disease; collects fluid lost from

blood vessels and returns the fluid to the circulatory system

Cells y A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things



y Specialized cells are uniquely suited to perform a particular

function

Tissues y A tissue is a group of cells that perform a single function

y 4 Types of tissue in Human Body:

1. Epithelial tissue: includes glands and tissues that cover

interior and exterior body surfaces

2. Connective tissue: provides support for the body and

connects its parts

3. Nervous tissue: transmits nerve impulses throughout the

body

4. Muscle tissue: enables the body to move

Organs y An organ is a group of different types of tissues that work

together to perform a single function (such as sight)

Organ Systems y An organ system is a group of organs that perform closely

related functionsHomeostasis y Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal

conditions relatively constant despite changes in external

environments

Feedback Inhibition y Feedback inhibition is the process in which a stimulus produces a

response that opposes the original stimulus.

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35.1 Biology Notes Abby Jackson