3461 SR Compatibility 3461 SR Compatibility S = Stimulus, the input device that is being manipulated or stimulated R = Response, the visual, aural, or kinesthetic sense that is affected by the stimulus Compatibility refers to the correctness of the match between the stimulus and the response 3461 Senses Visual Aural Kinesthetic Sensory experience derived from bodily movements and tensions 3461 Example Cursor Control (1D) Stimulus Response Wrist and/or arm movement 3461 Example Object Manipulation (1D) Stimulus Response 3461 Example Object Manipulation (2D) Stimulus Response Stimulus Response 3461 The Issue In 2D there are 3 dof (degrees of freedom) x position or displacement y position or displacement Z z-axis angle or rotation A mouse is a 2 dof device Senses x displacement Senses y displacement Does not sense z-axis rotation The problem: generating z-axis rotation data with a mouse 3461 Solution #1 Rotate Tool Step #1 acquire object, move mouse Step #2 click on rotate tool (enable rotate mode) or ? Step #3 acquire object, move mouse 3461 Solution #2 Build a 3 dof Mouse Stimulus Response Step #1 acquire object, move mouse 3461 Solution #2 MacKenzie did it. (MacKenzie, Soukoreff, & Pal, 1997) Two-ball mouse with 3 degrees of freedom 3461 Design Issues for 3 dof Mouse Switching between 2 dof and 3 dof modes Solution: use a modifier key (e.g., SHIFT) to enable 3 dof mode Yielding 360 of rotation from limited wrist movement Solution: use a modifier key (e.g., CTRL to amplify rotational mapping 3461 3D Interaction (6 dof) ? 3461 Multiple Degree-of-Freedom Input Devices Ph.D. Research on human coordination 3461 BMW 7 Series - iDrive 3461 SR Compatibility & Cultural Bias Stimulus (switch) Response (switch) Question: Is the light on or off? Answer: Off (in England) On (in Canada) 3461 SR Compatibility in User Interfaces Press me Visual feedback? Aural feedback? Kinesthetic feedback? Visual feedback? Aural feedback? Kinesthetic feedback? Works pretty good, eh? 3461 Stimulus vs. Response setting time What does this button do? Answer: moves the selected field backward in time. 3461 Yes, but up = earlier down = later 3461 Responsiveness 3461 Computer Speed Two kinds of computer speed real (machine- Hz) speed (performance) perceived speed (responsiveness) Galitz, W. O., (2002) The Essential Guide to User Interface Design, 2nd Edition, Wiley Computer Publishing, New York, NY. Perceived speed is the one that matters. 3461 Responsiveness in Design (1 of 3) Id like to fly from Toronto to Ottawa next Thursday, returning Sunday evening, as inexpensively as possible. [25 minute wait on the telephone before the agent answers] I have a flight on Air Canada leaving at... 3461 Responsiveness in Design (2 of 3) Id like to fly from Toronto to Ottawa next Thursday, returning Sunday evening, as inexpensively as possible. OK, Ill check the flights and fares and call you back within half an hour. 3461 Responsiveness in Design (3 of 3) Always respond immediately to the users request, even if the final answer is not yet available. Provide feedback in the form of progress bars/busy indicator for function with a delay greater than 1 second. Johnson, Jeff, (2000) GUI Bloopers. Morgan Kaufmann 3461 Thank you