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3.4 behaviourism

3.4 behaviourism. Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

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Page 1: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

3.4 behaviourism

Page 2: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation.

Page 3: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

Bloomfield defined the meaning of a linguistic form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.

Page 4: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

E.g. Jack and Jill(Jill is hungry , sees an apple and with the use of language gets Jack to fetch it for her ).Stimulus ( S ) and reaction (R)S  R

Page 5: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

One important point for the theory is that the stimulus and the reaction are physical events.For Jill it is a matter of light waves striking her eyes, of her muscles contracting and of fluids being secreted in her stomach. Jacks action is no less physical.

Page 6: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

Bloomfield's thesis is that human behavior, including speech, is controlled by the same physical, wholly deterministic, laws as other events in the universe.

Page 7: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

Bloomfield was at great pains to contrast his ‘mechanistic ‘theory with the mentalistic theories that posit non-physical processes such as thoughts, concepts, images, feelings, etc. He did not deny that we have such images, feelings, etc

Page 8: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

.but explained them as popular terms for bodily movements, events that the speaker alone is aware of ( as in I‘m hungry ) private experiences ( obscure internal stimuli ) , or soundless movements of the vocal organs . `

Page 9: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

He forecast (quite incorrectly as it turned out) that all the problems of phonology would be solved in a few decades in the phonetics laboratory.

Page 10: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

Bloomfield's theory loses its force when we realise how many of the relevant predisposing factors are unknown and unknowable .

Page 11: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

Chomsky

stimulus response

picture linguistic

Page 12: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

Without prediction there is no scientific explanation :

The child learns that making certain noises will have desired results such as food or attention from his parents.

Page 13: 3.4 behaviourism.  Malinowski and Firth believed that the description of a language could not be complete without some reference to the context of situation

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Ruqia SadiqAmal MahdiSarab Mohammed