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CCNA 4 Chapter 11
Scaling IP Addresses
By
PRAVEENKUMAR P.J
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Private Addressing
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NAT
A NAT-enabled device typically operates at theborder of a stub
network.
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NAT Terms
Inside local address The IP address assigned toa host on the
inside network. This address is likely tobe an RFC 1918 private
address.
Inside global address A legitimate IP address
assigned by the NIC or service provider thatrepresents one or
more inside local IP addresses tothe outside world.
Outside local address The IP address of an
outside host as it known to the hosts in the insidenetwork.
Outside global address The IP address assignedto a host on the
outside network. The owner of thehost assigns this address.
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NAT Features
Static NAT is designed to allow one-to-onemapping of local and
global addresses.Dynamic NAT is designed to map a private IPaddress
to a public address.
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PAT Features
PAT uses unique source port numbers on the
inside global IP address to distinguishbetween translations.
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NAT Benefits
Eliminates re-assigning each host a new IPaddress when changing
to a new ISP
Eliminates the need to re-address all hoststhat require external
access, saving time andmoney
Conserves addresses through applicationport-level
multiplexing
Protects network security
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Configuring NAT
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Configuring PAT
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Verifying PAT
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Troubleshooting NAT and PAT
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Issues with NAT
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DHCP
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DHCP
DHCP works by providing a process for a server toallocate the IP
information to clients. Clients lease theinformation from the
server for an administrativelydefined period.
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BOOTP and DHCP Differences
DHCP defines mechanisms through which clients can beassigned an
IP address for a finite lease period. This leaseperiod allows for
re-assignment of the IP address to anotherclient later, or for the
client to get another assignment, if theclient moves to another
subnet. Clients may also renew leases
and keep the same IP address.
DHCP provides the mechanism for a client to gather other
IPconfiguration parameters, such as WINS and domain name.
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DHCP Features
Automatic allocationManual allocationDynamic allocation
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DHCP Operation
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DHCP Messages Transmitting
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Configuring DHCP
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Configuring DHCP Excluding IP
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Verifying DHCP
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Troubleshooting DHCP
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DHCP Relay
