3.3 & 3.4

The Middle and Southern Colonies

Marylando Became home to Catholics from England who

could not worship as they wanted in England Named after Charles I wife Henrietta Maria

o A proprietary colony (owners of the charter controlled it Lord Baltimore (George Calvert & Cecilius Calvert)

Focused upon agriculture (like Jamestown); later on tobacco

Soon Protestants came to Maryland (conflict)Led to the Toleration Act of 1649 (made restricting

religious rights of Christians a crime)Allowed some toleration for religious groups

North and South Carolina (proprietary colonies)o Settled by friends of Charles II after he restored the

monarchy in England Originally one big territory, split into North and South in 1729

• North Carolina poor, few plantations, few settlements• South Carolina (founded port of Charles Town)

Colonists paid their way over in exchange for tracts of land (Caribbean colonists brought slaves with them)

Farming tough at first due to climate (lowlands)Rice became the first important cropSlaves needed to for rice productionOut numbered whites 2 to 1Became a royal colony in 1729

New York and New Jerseyo New York (royal colony)

• Area of New Netherlands (led by Peter Stuyvesant)Center of fur trade; Stuyvesant like a dictator and did

what he wantedIncreased land by capturing Swedish fort and

increase land• England took over New Netherlands in 1664 by using its

navy led by the Duke of York (not a shot fired)

o New Jersey (proprietary colony)• Duke of York granted lands to George Carteret and John

Berkeley• A diverse population of Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots

Pennsylvaniao Founded by William Penn (Quaker)

• Quakers believed that all people could be saved; rejected formal religious practices; believed in equality of the sexes, religious tolerance; nonviolence

This led to persecution in England and AmericaWilliam Penn (a Quaker) unhappy with leaders in

New Jersey and wanted his own colony(went to King Charles II who owed Penn’s father

money; agreed to pay off debt by granting a charter)Attracted Welsh, Irish, & GermansPhiladelphia was the capitalGreek work from Philos (love) & adelphos (brother)

Georgiao 1732 by King George II to James Oglethorpe

• A debtors/penal colony and a buffer to Spanish Florida• Oglethorpe wanted • Georgia to be different from other southern colonies

Outlawed slaveryLand grants of no more than 500 acresFree passage to Georgia and gave them food and

cattle• Settlers became unhappy with strict rules under

OglethorpeWanted to develop large plantations and liquor/rum

• 1752 charter given up and became a royal colonyRestrictions lifted and rice plantations (slavery grew)