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226 References

Index

AAAL. See ATM adaptation layerAccess network, vii, viii, ix, x, 1–3, 5, 16, 20,

21, 30–32, 67, 69, 72–74, 92, 97–99,114, 115, 118, 136, 144, 147, 161, 167,168, 171, 174, 175, 187, 200, 204, 210,217, 219

Active optical network (AON), 18Ad hoc networks, 23Admission control, 41, 43, 60, 61ADSL. See Asymmetric DSLADSL2, 6, 7ADSL2+, 6–8, 68ADSL2++, 8AF. See Assured forwardingAF1, 50, 188–190, 212AF2, 50, 188–190, 212AF3, 50, 188, 189, 212AF4, 50, 188, 189, 212AF/BE subcycle, 136, 137, 139Alloc-ID, 83–85, 88AON. See Active optical networkAPD. See Avalanche photodiodeAPON. See ATM PONArrayed waveguide grating, 146, 147, 165–170Assured forwarding (AF), 49–53, 129, 132,

136–140, 179, 180, 182–185, 188–191,194–196, 198, 200, 201, 207–209,211–215, 220, 221

Asymmetric DSL(ADSL), 5–8, 68ATM

adaptation layer, 77adaptation method, 79, 86cell, 75–77, 86, 97cell tax, 77PON, 68, 69, 89, 97, 173

Attenuation, 12, 82, 149Auto-discovery, 102Avalanche photodiode (APD), 149

AWG. See Arrayed waveguide grating

BBA. See Behavior aggregateBand splitter(BS), 146, 147Bandwidth allocation, 36, 57, 83–85, 88, 102,

109, 118, 120, 121, 125, 127, 130, 131,133, 138, 141, 143, 152, 159, 161,171–173, 180, 182, 185, 186, 190, 196,206, 221

algorithm, ix, 94, 130, 133, 138, 168, 178centralized, 119distributed, 119dynamic, 75, 77, 83, 84, 107, 110, 120,

128, 145, 152, 166, 172, 176, 191, 207,219

fixed, 72, 77, 122grant sizing, 159, 161, 163, 178scheme. See Grant sizing,bandwidth

allocation algorithmstatic See Fixedunused, 135, 182, 183, 187, 196upstream, 73, 77, 80, 88, 94, 109, 135, 159,

170, 178, 180, 182, 185–187Bandwidth assigned mode of operation. See

Normal mode of operationBehavior aggregate (BA), 48, 54BER. See Bit error rateBest-effort service, 40Best-effort traffic (BE), 49, 130, 132, 136, 138,

140, 168, 179, 184, 185, 189, 198, 207,211, 221

BIP. See Bit interleaved parityBit error rate, 78128-bit bitmap, 156, 158Bit interleaved parity, 85BPL. See Broadband over power lineBroadband, vii, 1–3, 6, 11, 14, 16, 22, 24, 26,

28, 30, 32, 75

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227

Broadband access network. See BroadbandBroadband internet access. See BroadbandBroadband over power line (BPL), 3, 13, 15Broadband PON (BPON). See ATM PONBroadcast TV, 31BS. See Band splitterBulk traffic. See AF1

CCable modem, 3, 12Cable modem termination system, 12Cable TV, 3, 8, 12, 13, 16, 149Carrier sense multiple access with collision

avoidance, 23Carrier sense multiple access with collision

detection, 101CATV. See Cable TVC band, 27, 154, 156, 178CDMA. See Code-division multiple accessCDR. See Data recovery circuitsCentral office, 4, 18, 19, 34, 69, 91, 96, 143,

148, 169CE scheme, 172Class of service, 48, 88, 95Class selector, 47, 48, 51, 52Class selector PHB, 49, 51Clock and data recovery circuit, 149C/M. See Control/ManagementCMTS. See Cable modem termination systemCO. See Central officeCoarse wavelength division multiplexing, 71,

148, 167, 168Coarse WDM. See Coarse wavelength division

multiplexingCoaxial cable, 10–12, 16, 18

architecture, 8network, 10, 18

Code-division multiple access, 25Colorless ONU, 146Common open policy service, 43, 44Common open policy service. See COPSComposite PON, 165Constant credit algorithm. See Interleaved

polling with adaptive cycle timeControl/Management, 83COPS. See Common open policy serviceCore networks, vii, 1CoS. See Class of ServiceCPON. See Composite PONCQ. See Custom queuingCRC. See Cyclic redundancy checkCS. See Class selector

CSMA/CA. See Carrier sense multiple accesswith Collision Avoidance

CSMA/CD. See Carrier-Sense multiple accesswith Collision detection

Custom queuing, 38, 39, 58, 60, 62, 63CWDM. See Coarse wavelength division

multiplexingCyclic redundancy check, 92, 93

DDA. See Destination addressData over cable modem service interface

specification, 12, 68DBA. See dynamic bandwidth allocation

(DBA)DBA algorithm. See Bandwidth allocationDBA-CL. See DBA cycleDBA cycle, 137–139DBA for the QoS, 135DBA schemes. See Bandwidth allocationDBRu. See Dynamic bandwidth reportDDMZM. See Dual-drive Mach-Zehnder

modulatorDefault PHB, 49Delay

average, 37, 61, 141, 195, 198, 201average packet, 35, 36, 124–126, 134,

194–196, 198–201, 204, 206, 207, 209,220

end-to-end, 35, 38, 40, 65, 102, 129, 179processing, 37, 194, 220propagation, 37, 38, 75, 111, 118, 162queuing, 38, 50, 61, 132, 136, 162–164,

194, 220round trip time, 78serialization, 37, 38variation, ix, 35, 38, 52, 54, 197, 201, 212

Dense wavelength division multiplexing, 148,149, 154, 167, 168

Dense WDM. See Dense wavelength divisionmultiplexing

Destination address, 48, 63, 103, 104, 112Dial-up, 1, 2, 27Differential-phase-shift-keying, 174Differentiated services, viii, 40, 46, 48, 54, 61,

110, 179, 188architecture, 40code point, 46field, 46

DiffServ. See Differentiated servicesDigital cinema, 176Digital subscriber line (DSL), 3, 5

228 Index

Digital subscriber loop, 5DOCSIS. See Data over cable modem service

interface specificationDownstream, 94, 95, 97, 113, 151, 155, 158,

165, 166, 168, 170, 174, 177channel, 13, 122, 150, 151, 166coordination, 158direction, 20, 71, 92, 93, 102, 108, 114,

117, 145, 147, 151, 158, 167, 170, 177,180, 184, 190

traffic, 71, 78, 80, 145, 166, 168transmission, 76, 93, 94, 97, 101, 113, 114,

116, 117, 150, 160, 166, 177wavelength, 80, 150, 170

DP. See Drop probabilityDPSK. See Differential-phase-shift-keyingDrop precedence, 50Drop probability, 47, 50, 52DS. See Differentiated servicesDSL access modules, 5DSLAM. See DSL access modulesDual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator

(DDMZM), 174DWBA. See Dynamic wavelength and

bandwidth allocationDWDT. See Dynamic wavelength dynamic

timeDWPBA. See Dynamic wavelength priority

bandwidth allocationDWPBA-FS. See Dynamic wavelength priority

bandwidth allocation with finescheduling

Dynamic bandwidth allocation. SeeBandwidthallocation

Dynamic bandwidth report, 85Dynamic wavelength and bandwidth

allocation, ix, 152, 173, 174, 176, 178,193, 206, 207, 220, 221

Dynamic wavelength dynamic time, 172Dynamic wavelength priority bandwidth

allocation, ix, 174, 176, 184, 187, 191,193, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206,210–212, 215, 220, 221

Dynamic wavelength priority bandwidthallocation with fine scheduling,187–189, 191, 193, 211, 212, 215, 221

EECN. See Explicit congestion notificatione-commerce applications.. See AF4 EFEF. See Expedite forwardinge-Health,, 176Elastic algorithm. See Interleaved polling with

adaptive cycle time

Encryption, 71, 75, 78, 83, 95, 97End-to-end

CoS, 48QoS, 40service guarantee, 45service management, 80signaling, 40, 41, 45

Ethernet, vii, 70–72, 74, 75, 78, 79, 87, 92, 95,102, 120, 144, 145, 217

frames, vii, 72, 91, 93, 96, 101, 109, 113,120–124, 151

header, 55, 117MAC, 92, 113network, 19, 92, 96, 101, 117, 118passive optical network, ix, 69, 71, 74, 89,

165, 167–170, 173, 187, 193, 207, 210,221

preamble, 92traffic, 79, 126, 138

Excess bandwidth, 135, 171Expedited forwarding, 49, 50, 129, 132, 136,

137, 179, 188, 197, 212Explicit congestion notification, 46

FFair-excess (FE) allocation scheme, 173FCS. See Frame check sequenceFEC. See Forward error correctionFederal Communications Commission, 3Fiber, vii, 3, 4, 8, 11, 15, 16, 18, 19, 34, 67–71,

75, 78, 82, 89, 91, 98, 117, 119, 143,145, 148, 154, 159, 165–168, 175

optic network, 11, 16optic node, 11optic technology, 4, 16

Fiber to the building (FFTB), 4, 18Fiber to the curb (FTTC), 4, 18, 20Fiber to the home (FTTH), 4, 16, 18, 29, 143,

219Fiber to the node/neighborhood (FTTN), 4, 17,

18Fiber to the premises (FTTP), 4, 18Fiber to the x (FTTx), 4, 17, 18FIFO. See First In First OutFile sharing, 3, 143, 217, 218File transfer, 40, 46, 130, 179First in, first out, 58–61, 63–65First mile. See Access networkFixed bandwidth allocation scheme. See

Interleaved polling with adaptive cycletime

Fixed laser/receivers, 148, 160, 175Fixed time slot allocation, 72

Index 229

Fixed wavelength priority bandwidth allocation(FWPBA), ix, 174, 176, 180, 184, 186,188, 193–195, 198, 220

Flat bitmap method, 154, 155Flow control, 101Forward error correction (FEC), 83, 85, 86, 91,

95, 104Frame check sequence (FCS), 104, 106Frame Relay, 56Frame segmentation, 80FTTB. See FTTx, Fiber to the buildingFTTC. See FTTx, Fiber to the curbFTTH. See FTTx, Fiber to the homeFTTN. See FTTx, Fiber to the

node/neighborhoodFTTP. See FTTx, Fiber to the premisesFWPBA. See Fixed wavelength

prioritybandwidth allocation

GGAR. See GRANT after REPORTGATE, 103–109, 111, 112, 120–122, 124, 128,

130, 136, 138, 156, 157, 162, 165, 170,173, 177, 188, 189

control frame. See GATEcontrol message. See GATEdiscovery, 104–107, 112normal, 104–107

Gated algorithm. See Interleaved polling withadaptive cycle time

GATE-to-GATE delay (GTG), 162, 163GATE-to-REPORT delay, 162GBR. See GRANT before REPORTGEM. See GPON encapsulation methodGEO. See Geostationary orbitsGeostationary orbits, 26, 27Gigabit PON, 71, 74, 78, 80–83, 86–88, 90, 93,

95–98, 143, 144, 219Global Internet video, 218GPON. See Gigabit PONGPON encapsulation method (GEM), 80, 83,

86–88, 97GRANT after REPORT, ix, 136, 137GRANT before REPORT, 136, 137Granting cycle, 126Grant scheduling, 159, 161, 172, 178Grant sizing. See Bandwidth allocationG.984 series, 68, 79, 81, 95GSHDSL, 7GTC. See Transmission convergenceGTC layering, 82GTG. See GATE-to-GATE delayGTR. See GATE-to-REPORT delay

HHardware queue, 58, 59HDTV. See High-definition televisionHeadend, 8, 10–12, 166, 168, 177Header error control (HEC), 87HEC. See Header error controlHFC. See Hybrid fiber-coaxHG(PBS). See Hybrid granting protocol with

priority-based schedulingHG protocol. See Hybrid granting protocolHigh-definition television, vii, 7, 31, 67Highest priority traffic. See EFHighly loaded channel, 184Highly loaded ONUs, 126, 135, 139, 172High priority queue, 61, 133, 135High speed downlink packet access, 25High-speed internet access. See BroadbandHigh-speed packet access, 25HSDPA. See High-speed downlink packet

accessHSPA+. See High-speed packet accessHybrid fiber-coax (HFC), 3, 10, 11, 13, 16, 18,

68Hybrid granting protocol with priority based

scheduling (HG(PBS)), 136, 138, 207,208, 210, 212, 220

Hybrid TDM/WDM EPON, ix, 72, 145, 173,176, 184

Hybrid TDM/WDM system, 177, 207

IIEEE 802.16. See WiMAXIEEE 802.3ah, 68, 90, 92, 94, 102, 112, 114,

120, 121, 169, 174, 179, 190, 220IETF. See Internet engineering task forceImmediate online scheduling, 164Imminent ONU, 165Injection locked FP lasers, 146Integrated services architecture (IntServ),

40–42, 45, 46Interactive and criminal record, 39Interactive, non-critical transmission, 39Interactive voice transmission, 39Interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time

(IPACT), 121, 123, 125, 134, 138, 170,171

constant credit algorithm, 124elastic algorithm, 122, 125fixed bandwidth allocation scheme, 122gated algorithm, 123limited algorithm, 124linear credit algorithm, 125

International telecommunication unionstandardization sector, 3

230 Index

Internetservice providers, 3, 28TV, viii, 67video, 217, 218

Internet engineering task force, 40Internet over power line (IPL). See Broadband

over power lineInternet Protocol (IP), 30, 43, 69, 90, 95

address, 40, 45, 46, 65multicast, 13packet, 46, 55, 97, 130, 132precedence, 46–51, 55, 56, 64security, 96

Intra-domain policy management,, 44Inter-ONU scheduler. See DBAIntra-ONU scheduler, 110, 120, 132, 141, 173,

190Intra-ONU scheduling, 128, 130–133, 136,

138, 187, 190IntServ. See Integrated services architectureIP. See Internet ProtocolIPACT. See Interleaved polling with adaptive

cycle timeIPL. See Internet over power lineIPSec. See Internet Protocol securityITU-T. See International telecommunication

union standardization sector

JJitter. See Delay variationJoint time and wavelength assignment, 159,

161Just-in-time online scheduling (JIT), 164

LLANs. See Local area networksLARNET. See Local access router networkLast mile. See Access networkLatency. See DelayLeast assigned allocation, 160Least loaded allocation, 160LED, 146, 147, 149, 166Length/type field, 92, 103Light loaded ONUs, 123, 126, 135Lightly loaded channel, 172, 184Limited algorithm. See Interleaved polling with

adaptive cycle timeLinear credit algorithm. See Interleaved polling

with adaptive cycle timeLink bandwidth, 38Link capacity, 38, 39, 58, 126, 139LLC. See Logical link controlLLID. See Logical link identificationLoad shifting, 161

Local access router network, 165, 166Local-area networks, 1, 21, 23, 57, 92, 113,

169, 217Logical link control, 91Logical link identification, 92, 106, 107,

113–116Logical topology emulation, 92, 113Long-haul networks, 175Low insertion loss, 146Low-priority traffic. See BELTE. See Logical topology emulation

MMAC. See Medium access controlManagement information base, 83Mathematical model, 180, 185, 190, 197Matlab, 193, 210, 220Maximum requested bandwidth, 180, 182, 184,

186MDI. See Medium-dependent interfaceM-DWRR intra-ONU scheduler, 173Mean time to repair, 19Medium access control, viii, 20, 23, 83, 91–93,

98, 101–104, 106, 107, 112, 113, 116,117, 173

address, 92, 93, 102, 103, 106, 116, 180,190

control client, 110control frame, 103, 107control message, 101, 102control sublayer, 91, 92, 101, 102, 106, 112

Medium-dependent interface, 90Medium earth orbit, 26Medium priority queue, 61Medium-priority traffic. See AFMEO. See Medium earth orbitMG-IPACT. See Modified gated IPACTMIB. See Management information baseMIMO. See Multiple-input multiple-outputMinimum guaranteed bandwidth, 126, 137,

138, 171, 173Mission critical application. See AF3MMTR. See Mean time to repairMobile cellular communications, 21Modified gated IPACT, 182, 187, 191MPCP. See Multi-point control protocolMPCP-CL. See MPCP cycleMPCP control messages. See MPCPMPCPDU. See MPCP data unitsMPLS. See Multi protocol label switchingMulticast transmission, 75, 174Multidimensional scheduling. See Joint time

and wavelength assignmentMulti-frequency laser, 146

Index 231

Multimedia, 28, 32, 90, 198, 200, 211, 217applications, ix, x, 7, 27, 34, 35, 50, 51, 67,

73, 144, 169, 174, 196, 214service, 25, 115, 133, 134, 194traffic, 90, 136, 141, 183, 194, 221transmission, 30, 198

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO), 25Multiplexer/demultiplexer, 147Multi-point control protocol (MPCP), viii, ix,

92, 94, 101–106, 107, 109–111, 114,116, 120, 122, 128, 130, 137, 152, 159,163, 164, 169, 171, 177, 179, 180, 187,207, 220

cycle, 137data units, 103

Multipoint-to-point network, 20, 71Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), 31

NNetwork interface, 37, 69Network throughput. See ThroughputNext generation network (NGN), 28, 31, 40,

72, 98, 193, 211, 217, 219NGN. See Next generation networkNLOS. See Not in line of sightNon-interactive critical data, 39Normal mode of operation, 102, 108Not in line of sight (NLOS), 23

OOA. See Optical amplifiersOAM. See Operation, administration and

maintenanceOAMP. See Operation, administration,

maintenance and provisioningODN. See Optical distribution networkOECD. See Organization for economic

cooperation and developmentOFDM. See Orthogonal frequency-division

multiplexingOffline scheduling, 163, 164, 171, 173, 178,

180, 190OLT. See Optical line terminalOMCC. See ONU management and control

channelOnline gaming, 176Online JIT. See Just-in-time online schedulingOnline scheduling, 163, 164ONT. See Optical network terminalONU. See Optical network unitsONU management and control channel

(OMCC), 83Opcode, 104Open systems interconnection (OSI), 55, 90

Operation, administration and maintenance(OAM), 76, 78, 83, 85, 88, 95, 146, 150,151

Operation, administration, maintenance andprovisioning (OAMP), 77, 79, 80

Opticalamplifiers, 146, 167distribution network, 69, 80line terminal, 18, 20, 69, 71–73, 75, 77, 78,

82, 83, 85, 92–95, 98, 102–105, 107,109–115, 117, 119–122, 124–126, 128,130, 133–135, 138, 139, 143, 145–150,152, 153, 156, 173, 175, 177–182, 184,188, 191, 193, 197, 219, 220

network terminal, 69, 70, 75, 76, 78, 83, 96network units, 20, 69–72, 75, 78, 80, 82,

84–87, 90, 92–95, 98, 102, 104, 106,107, 109–114, 116–118, 120–126, 128,130, 134, 136–140, 145, 147, 149, 151,193, 197, 204, 208, 210, 212, 219, 220

receivers, 67transmitters, viii, 11, 67, 153

Optical network unit (ONU), viiiOrganization for economic cooperation and

development (OECD), 3, 4, 33Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing

(OFDM), 25

PP2MP. See Point-to-multipointP2P. See Peer-to-peerP2PE. See Point-to-point emulationP2P networks. See Point-to-point networksPacket

classification, 46, 130, 132loss, ix, 35, 36, 39, 49–51, 53, 54, 132, 194,

197, 198, 200, 202loss rate. See Packet lossloss ratio. See Packet lossscheduler, 55, 135scheduling, 48, 57, 61, 187, 189

Passive combiner. See Passivesplitter/combiner

Passive node (PN), 145, 147Passive optical network (PON), 18–20, 69–78,

89, 90, 98, 143–145, 149, 165, 219Passive splitter/combiner, 20, 70, 71, 145Passive wavelength router, 145Payload length indicator (PLI), 87Payload type indicator (PTI), 87PBS. See Priority based schedulingPCBd. See Physical control block downstreamPCS. See Physical coding sublayerPDP. See Policy decision points

232 Index

Peer-to-peer (P2P), 3, 23, 218PEP. See Policy enforcement pointsPer-hop behaviors (PHBs), 48Periodic routing behavior, 146PHB. See Per-hop behaviorPhoto-detector (PD), 149Physical coding sublayer (PCS), 90Physical control block downstream (PCBd), 84Physical layer operation, administration and

maintenance (PLOAM), 76, 78, 83–87Physical medium attachment (PMA), 90Physical-medium-dependent (PMD), 79, 82, 90PIN. See Positive-intrinsic-negativePlain old telephone service (POTS), 3PLC. See Power line communicationPLI. See Payload length indicatorPLOAM. See Physical layer operation

administration and maintenancePLT. See Power line telecommunicationPMA. See Physical medium attachmentPMD. See Physical-medium-dependentPoint-to-multipoint (P2MP), 19, 20, 24, 69, 71,

89, 92, 99, 102, 119, 145, 148, 219Point-to-multipoint WDM EPON, 145, 148Point-to-point, 92, 114, 143, 144

architectures, 69, 117connections, 98, 145, 168, 219emulation, 92, 113–115medium, 92, 113networks, 19, 101

Policing mechanism, 60Policy decision points (PDP), 43, 44Policy enforcement points (PEP), 43, 44PON. See Passive optical networkPositive-intrinsic-negative (PIN), 149Power budget, 117, 146, 167Power line communication. See Broadband

over power linePower line telecommunication. See Broadband

over power linePriority based scheduling, 133, 136, 138, 140,

208–210, 212, 220PSTN. See Public switched telephone networkPTI. See Payload type indicatorPublic switched telephone network, 24

QQoS. See Quality of serviceQoS-DBA-1, 173, 207, 221QoS-DBA-2, 173, 207QoS-DBA-3, 173, 207QoS load shifting, 161Quality of service (QoS), viii, ix, 13, 23, 30,

35, 36, 39, 41–43, 45, 46, 48, 51, 73, 80,

97, 118, 127, 128, 130, 132–138, 141,151, 161, 169, 171, 173, 174, 176, 179,187, 189, 193, 197, 207, 212, 217, 219

Queue occupancy, ix, 110, 130, 164, 178, 180,194, 201, 203

Queuing, 37, 38, 48, 50, 51, 58–61, 63–65,131, 132, 134, 136, 162–164, 189

algorithm, 58, 60, 189delay. See delaymechanism, 38, 58, 59, 62, 135

RRadio technologies, 21Random allocation, 160Random early detection (RED), 59Receiver supported wavelengths field, 153Receiver tuning time field, 153Receiver type field, 153, 155Reconciliation sublayer, 90RED. See Random early detectionReflective semiconductor optical amplifiers,

146REGISTER, 103, 104, 107REGISTER_ACK, 103, 104, 107REGISTER_MPCPDU. See REGISTERREGISTER_REQ, 103, 104, 107, 112, 154,

155Remote node (RN), 145, 147, 165, 169REPORT, 103–105, 108–110, 120–122, 124,

128, 130, 133–136, 138–140, 162–164,173, 177, 178, 180, 182, 185, 188

REPORT-to-GATE (RTG) delay, 162, 164REPORT-to-Schedule (RTS) delay, 162–164REQUEST, 159Resource reservation protocol (RSVP), 41, 46,

64, 66RITENET, 166RN. See Remote nodeRound-robin queuing, 189Round-trip time (RTT), 27, 78, 103, 111, 121,

122, 124, 126, 130, 165, 170, 193, 220Round trip time delay, 78RS. See Reconciliation sublayerRSVP. See Resource reservation protocolRTT. See Round-trip timeRX_CONFIG, 158, 159RX_CONFIG_ACK, 158

SSA. See Source addressSAR. See Segmentation and reassemblySatellite connections, 3Scheduling cycle, 102, 162SDH. See Synchronous digital hierarchy

Index 233

SDSL. See Symmetric DSLSegmentation and reassembly (SAR), 77, 78,

96Separated time and wavelength assignment,

159Service level agreement (SLAs), 48, 73, 98,

120, 124, 126, 135Service port function, 150SFD. See Start of the frame delimiterShaping, 48Shared-medium emulation (SME), 114, 115Shared source, 149Simulink packet, 193, 210Single-channel EPON, viii, 101, 132, 144, 152,

159, 163, 170, 174, 184, 207, 210, 220SLA. See Service-level agreementSLD. See LLID delimiterSME. See Shared-medium emulationSoftware queue, 58SONET. See Synchronous optical networkSource address (SA), 48, 103Source specific multicast (SSM), 13Speech signalization, 39SPON. See Super PONSPQ. See Strict priority queuingSPS. See Strict priority schedulerSSM. See Source specific multicastStanford University aCCESS (SUCCESS), 168Star architecture, 144, 148Start of the frame delimiter (SFD), 92Static wavelength dynamic time (SWDT), 172Strict priority queuing (SPQ), 50, 51, 58Strict priority scheduler (SPS), 132, 140Strict priority scheduling, 132–135, 171Subcycles, 136, 137SUCCESS. See Stanford University aCCESSSUCCESS-DWA PON, 168SUCCESS-HPON, 169Super PON, 167SWDT. See Static wavelength dynamic timeSymmetric DSL, 5Synchronous digital hierarchy, 69Synchronous optical network (SONET), 69, 96

TTail drop, 63T-cont. See Transmission containerTCP. See Transmission control protocolTDM/WDM EPON, ix, 72, 145, 173, 176, 187,

188, 220TDMA. See Time-division multiple accessTDM PONs, 72, 168, 169Tentative ONU, 1683D video, 176

3GPP LTE. See 3rd Generation PartnershipProject Long Term Evolution

3rd Generation Partnership Project Long TermEvolution, 25

Throughput, ix, 6, 22, 25, 28, 36, 64, 123, 173,175, 178, 202, 204–207, 210, 211, 213,214, 220, 221

Time division multiple access (TMDA), 21, 72,75, 93, 98, 119, 146, 165, 166

Timeslot, 78, 94, 102, 109, 110, 118, 124Timestamp, 104, 109–112ToS. See Type of serviceTraffic

class, x, 40, 46–48, 53, 55, 127–130,132–138, 140, 169, 173, 174, 176, 179,180, 182–191, 194–201, 207, 209,211–214, 220, 221

classification, 46, 54, 55, 127, 129policing, 43, 57, 60, 61, 132profile, 40, 184, 193, 194, 197–200, 206,

207, 221transactional, 53

Transmissioncontainer, 77, 87, 88, 95convergence, 75, 79, 82window, 72, 102, 104, 107, 109, 118–122,

124, 128, 130, 135, 138, 139, 162, 163,165, 170, 171, 182, 189, 190, 212

Transmission control protocol (TCP), 28, 39,40, 44, 61, 63, 65

Transmitter_supported_wavelengths field, 153Transmitter_ tuning_ time field, 153Transmitter_type field, 153Triple-play, ix, 17, 18, 28, 29, 31, 33–35, 69,

79, 144, 149, 174, 193Tunable laser, 166, 168, 171, 172, 175, 176Type of service, 28, 46, 65, 96

UUE scheme, 172Ultra mobile broadband, 25UMB. See Ultra mobile broadbandUniversal Rx, 146Upstream, 7, 10–13, 20, 26, 71, 72, 75–78, 80,

82–86, 88, 91–94, 97, 98, 101, 102,107–111, 113, 114, 117, 118, 120–125,128, 130, 145, 146, 148–151, 155, 160,161, 163–174, 177, 178, 180, 182–187,190, 191

bandwidth. See Bandwidthcoordination, 156direction. See Upstreamtraffic, 71, 78, 102, 167, 168transmission. See Upstream

234 Index

Upstream physical layer overhead, 84User port function, 151

VVariable bit rate, 50, 129, 136, 137, 179, 188Variable-length packets, 80, 97Variable time slot allocation, 73VCI. See Virtual circuit identificationVDSL. See Very high bit rate DSLVDSL2, 7Very high bit rate DSL, 6, 7, 68Video, 1, 2, 4, 7–11, 16, 17, 27–30, 32, 34–36,

39, 46, 52, 53, 58, 59, 64, 69–71, 75, 77,79, 80, 91, 96, 97, 102, 118, 129, 143,145, 148, 149, 176, 179, 188, 189, 217,218, 221

conferencing, vii, 148, 217on-demand, vii, 7, 10, 14, 16, 28, 30, 31,

218signalization, 39streamed gaming, 217streaming, 198, 200

Virtual circuit identification, 87Virtual path identification, 87Virtual private network, 30, 96VoD. See Video-on-demandVoice, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 17, 28Voice, 28, 31, 32, 34–36, 46, 50, 52, 53, 58,

59, 63, 64, 69, 77, 79, 80, 96, 102, 118,129, 149, 179, 183

applications, 30, 52, 189over Internet, 14over IP, 27, 50transmission, ix, 39, 52, 148, 197

VoIP. See Voice-over IPVPI. See Virtual path identificationVPN. See Virtual private networkVPs/VCs. See Virtual paths/virtual circuits

WWaiting time, 124, 135, 136, 140, 180, 182,

183, 186, 194–196, 201, 202Waveguides, 67Wavelength

allocation. See Grant scheduling, 152band announcement, 154division multiple access, 21, 72, 98selection-free source, 149selection-free transmitters, 169specific Tx, 146

Wavelength division multiplexing, ix, 1, 11,31, 71, 72, 80, 98, 99, 144–148, 151,

152, 154, 165, 167–169, 171, 173,175–178, 207, 210, 217

Wavelength division multiplexing Ethernetpassive optical networks, viii, ix, x, 98,144, 145, 147–150, 152, 159, 159–161,164, 169, 170, 174–179, 187, 188, 193,194, 200, 205–208, 210, 219, 220

Wavelength division multiplexing passiveoptical networks, 98, 99, 143–147, 149,165, 168–170, 173, 174, 219

WCDMA. See Wideband CDMAWDMA. See Wavelength-division multiple

accessWDM EPON. See wavelength

divisionmultiplexing Ethernet passiveoptical

WDM IPACT-ST. See WDM IPACT with asingle polling table

WDM IPACT with a single polling table, 170,207, 221

WDM PONs. See Wavelength divisionmultiplexing passive optical networks

WDM technology. See wavelengthdivisionmultiplexing

Web traffic, 46Weight, 62–65, 135, 173, 182, 186, 189Weighted fair queuing, 38, 51, 60, 64, 135, 189Weighted round-robin, 62, 63, 65Weight factors, 62, 64, 126, 182, 190, 191WFQ. See Weighted fair queuingWideband CDMA, 25WiFi, 21WiMAX. See Worldwide interoperability for

microwave accessWired access network, 21Wireless, 3, 21, 23, 24, 26, 33, 80

broadband, 21, 26communications. See Wireless, 21fidelity. See WiFi, 21local area network(WLAN), 21metropolitan area networks(WMAN), 21wide area networks(WWAN), 21

WLAN. See Wireless local area networkWMAN. See Wireless metropolitan area

networksWorldwide interoperability for microwave

access(WiMAX), 22–25WRR. See Weighted round-robinWWAN. See Wireless wide area networks

XxDSL. See Digital subscriber line

Index 235