3.2 Site Planning Techniques

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SEKOLAH ARSITEKTUR, PERENCANAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KEBIJAKAN

3.2 Site Planning Techniques

Dr. Ir. Denny Zulkaidi, MUP

PL3119Site Planning Studio for Residential

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1. Site design techniques2. Examples of design techniques

3. Neighborhood center design

23.2 Site Planning TechniquesPL3119 / PL-ITB

SEGMENT

Students are able to:

• describe comprehensively the principles and basic techniques of residential site planning

• apply properly principles and basic techniques of residential site planning

OBJECTIVES

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Site Design Techniques

Considerations:

• jumlah persil

• luas untuk lahan komersial

• luas untuk lahan fasilitas sosial dan fasilitas umum

• prasarana dan kemudahan yang akan disediakan

• batasan-batasan/aturan zoning yang akan diterapkan

Type of road construction depends on:

• kebiasaan lokal

• iklim

• kondisi tanah (soil)

Form and size of parcels depends on:

• Penggunaan lahan

• topografi (kontur, pohon, dahan, aliran)

• harga jual/sewa yang diusulkan

• “readily saleable lots” lebih penting daripada jumlah maksimum persil.

• penyediaan taman dan fasilitas rekreasi akan menambah daya tarik tapak dan daya jual kaveling.

• perlu disediakan juga tapak untuk fasilitas belanja, sekolah, masjid/ gereja, dll (kadang-kadang danau, lapangan golf, rekreasi).

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Sites• Lindungi tapak dari guna lahan sebelahnya yang tidak sesuai/cocok (mis. buffer

zone)

• Lestarikan keadaan alam untuk menjaga tampilan dan fungsi (drainase alam + pohon).

• Lindungi lingkungan tapak dengan mencegah erosi, menyediakan sanitary sewers(saluran pembuangan yang layak).

• Sediakan taman dan fasilitas rekreasi lain (dapat jadi aset lingkungan).

• Kembangkan fitur khusus seperti: jalan masuk, bicycle path, dan prasarana bawahtanah untuk menaikkan daya jual.


Technical Considerations for Design

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Block:• Rencanakan blok komersil sesuai kebutuhan.

• Sediakan blok sekolah dan masjid, terutama sebagai penyangga antara komersil dan perumahan.

• Hindari blok-blok pendek (tidak ekonomis), dan blok yang terlalu panjang

Parcel:• Identifikasi adaptasi tapak bangunan terhadap garis persil untuk melayani persil tersebut.

• Hindari persil berbentuk panjang/dalam (boros).

• Lebar persil proporsional terhadap panjangnya (idealnya 2:3).

• Hindari persil dengan sudut tajam.

• Persil sudut lebih luas (plus min. 30%)

• Buat garis persil tegak lurus jalan.

• Persil menghadap pemandangan yang baik/indah.

• Lindungi persil perumahan dari lalu lintas jalan besar.


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Street Network and Circulation:• Faktor-faktor pertimbangan untuk

perancangan sirkulasi:

a. Keselamatan→ pejalan dan kendaraan

b. Efiensi pelayanan→ untuk semua pemakai

c. Kenyamanan (livability) dan kemudahan(amenities)→ terutama yang dipengaruhioleh unsur transport dalam sistem sirkulasi

d. Ekonomi→ penggunaan lahan, konstruksi, pemeliharaan

• Akses kendaraan dan orang harus melayanisemua persil

• Perluasan jalan utama harus direncanakan di awal

• Sistem jalan lokal harus logis dan menyeluruh

• Minimumkan lalu lintas menerus (through traffic)

• Lalu lintas harus mengalir ke arah hirarkhijalan yang lebih tinggi (thoroughfares)

• Sistem jalan lokal dan pemanfaatan ruangjangan merusak efisiensi jalan utama

• Pola jalan harus meminimumkan lalu lintaspadat (susun secara hierarkis)



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• Jalan sesuai dengan kontur alamiah

• Jalan kecil masuk ke jalan besar dengan sudut yang tepat (sebaiknya tegak lurus atau> 60o)

• Hindari jalan buntu (court & cul-de-sac dengan ruang belok memadai kadang-kadangdiperlukan/ diinginkan)

• Sediakan parkir yang memadai

• Penamaan jalan, penomoran harus sederhana, konsisten, dan mudah dipahami

• Efisiensi dan keselamatan lalu lintas jangan bergantung pada peraturan lalu lintas, tapi pada rancangan jaringan jalan

• Tegaskan fungsi jaringan jalan lokal dari perencanaan dan konstruksinya

• Volume lalu lintas lokal harus diperhitungkan



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• Rancang untuk volume lalu lintas rendah yang seragam

• Hambat (discourage) kecepatan tinggi di dalam tapak

• Kurangi konflik pejalan dan kendaraan

• Minimumkan lahan untuk jaringan jalan untuk menekan biaya

• Batasi jumlah persimpangan

• Penahan jalan lingkungan→mungkinkan pembangunan persil dalam pola yang ekonomis, praktis dari pola, bentuk, dan ukuran kaveling

• Sesuaikan dengan topografi dari ekonomi dan pemindahan

• Sediakan angkutan umum


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Restrictions:

1. Peraturan pada Master Plan kadang kala tidak memadai, sehingga perlu ditambaholeh pengembang.

2. Batasan/larangan bergantung pada zoning dan peraturan yang diterapkan.

3. Peraturan tambahan dapat berupapengendalian dan pembatasan/larangan.

Control can be applied by setting:

1. Penggunaan lahan (boleh, bersyarat, dilarang)

2. Ukuran persil

3. Ukuran dan rancangan struktur bangunan

4. Posisi stuktur bangunan dalam persil

5. Batasan kebisingan

6. Interval/range harga

7. KDB

8. Faktor-faktor arsitektural

9. Tingkat kemudahan (easements)

10. dan sebagainya yang berkaitan



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Batasan/larangan yang dapat diterapkan antara lain:

1. Harus punya cukup kekuatan hukum• dicatat dalam catatan persil (public land record)• sebagai persyaratan dalam KPR

2. Dapat dikelola oleh “home association” (contoh BSD), pemilik properti, atau asosiasipemeliharaan (maintenance association)

3. Contoh tambahan: • sistem air bersih dan pembuangan: individu vs komunal• penerapan standar• perlindungan tapak fasilitas umum (misal: batasi taman dengan jaringan jalan)

4. Catatan: occupancy restriction tidak bisa diterapkan (misalnya: dalam dalam 1 rumahhanya untuk keluarga inti, dilarang menampung keponakan/mertua, dll)

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1. Site design techniques

2. Examples of design techniques



SEGMENT




OBJECTIVES

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Woodside Acres, Redwood City, California, 1944. Using Perry’s neighborhood unit concept, FHA rejected the gridiron pattern because of its cost, traffic hazards, and monotony. Shops are located on the edges along arterials, while the school and park are centrally placed within the district. Local residential streets are usually curving,and loops and cul-d-esacs are plentiful.

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Which plan reflects a unified community design?

A B

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Differentiated traffic systemsTraffic systems

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Street designs

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Street Dimension

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Safety in street designs

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Safety in pedestrian designs

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Typical design standards for turnarounds/cul-de-sac

Typical clear sights distance

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Types of streets

gridiron curvilinear court

cul de sac offset loop

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loop Six-lot arrangement loop with green

parking baymotor court

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straight street

curved street

loop within a grid arrangement

cul de sac cross intersectionT intersection

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Locating commercial centers

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Locating open spaces

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Cluster design

Grouping 1 Grouping 2 Grouping 3

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Grouping 2

Grouping 1 Grouping 2 Grouping 3

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1. Site design techniques

2. Examples of design techniques



SEGMENT




OBJECTIVES

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Neighborhood Center DesignNeighborhood centers:

• the areas of more intensive urban uses within a neighborhood.

• provide the most localized availability of goods and services needed daily by area residents

• provide the social and operational focus of a neighborhood

• consist of residential uses and neighborhood-oriented, mixeduse development

• must be supported by sufficient size of walkable population to provide a consistent source of demand for the center’s retail goods and services (minimum 6 du/acre = 15 kk/ha)


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Goals that may be servedby a center:• Expand lifestyle choices for residents.

• Increase range of housing types

• Provide transportation options.

• Create new venues for localemployment.

• Provide better access to public services.

• Increase recreation opportunities.

• Improve environmental quality.

• Increase ethnic and economic diversity.

• Bring neighbors together.

• Make the neighborhood safer.

• Increase civic participation


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Planning considerations for a neighborhood center:• Creating greater residential density to increase fiscal and market capacity for enhanced public and private

services.

• Addressing housing for seniors, mixed-age, mixedincome, and special-needs populations where their needscan best be met.

• Providing retail convenience for both better variety and capacity to meet local consumer desires.

• Increasing localized consumer demand to create new opportunities to employ youth and attractindependent businesses.

• Promoting mixed-use development for lifestyle convenience and efficient service delivery of urban services.

• Attracting growth with public realm amenities, such as public art, street furniture, covered sidewalks, streettrees, and parks.

• Creating community by providing public gathering places such as libraries, schools, parks, squares, andsidewalk cafes.

• Providing alternative transportation options including transit, bike lanes, and pathways.

• Preserving the character of the residential neighborhood through compatible design and scale ofstructures.

• Creating a pedestrian-friendly environment.

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PLANNING GUIDELINES

NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER FEATURES

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FORM GUIDELIENES

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Alternatives ofDesign Center

Source: Gruen, V. Centers for the Urban Environment. NY:

Van Nostrand Reinhold, Co., 1973

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Source: Gruen, V. Centers for the Urban Environment. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Co., 1973

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Source: Gruen, V. Centers for the Urban Environment. NY:

Van Nostrand Reinhold, Co., 1973

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Source: Gruen, V. Centers for the Urban

Environment. NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Co., 1973

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Plan for the mixed-use neighborhood center at Wiles Road.

http:// www.tcrpc.org

... neighborhood center. This, in connection with the re-

designing of the

http://jensites.com

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Eshbeelya Neighbo

rhood Center |

TROJB

http://www.hellomidt

own.com/neighborho

od/amenities/commu

nity-center-map

http://www.hellomidtown.com/neighborhood/amenities/community-center-map

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The site plan indicates the arts center at the center of

the U-shaped ...

http://www.archpaper.com

Neighborhood center study

http://archinect.com

http://id.images.search.yahoo.com/r/_ylt=A2oKiaDLsp9SjxMAdZXWQwx.;_ylu=X3oDMTBtdXBkbHJyBHNlYwNmcC1hdHRyaWIEc2xrA3J1cmw-/SIG=12816c6j5/EXP=1386226507/**http:/www.archpaper.com/news/articles.asp?id=5746

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Neighborhood Shopping Center For Sale in Napa Valley | 1805 Old Sonoma ...

http:// www.prlog.org

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Suburban Commercial Centers

Retrofit, Lee County, FL, Seth Harry

and ...

http:// www.sethharry.com

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The developer of Bridgeland is

going back to its original plan

for Lakeland Heights — a

section of the master-planned

community meant to emulate a

“traditional

http:// blog.chron.com

Neighborhood Commercial

Center

http:// udsonline.com

http://id.images.search.yahoo.com/r/_ylt=A2oKiavfrp9SwCwAe2PWQwx.;_ylu=X3oDMTBtdXBkbHJyBHNlYwNmcC1hdHRyaWIEc2xrA3J1cmw-/SIG=14a1d6tgo/EXP=1386225503/**http:/udsonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26:islandu&catid=9:frontpage

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Thank You

3.1 Site Planning Concepts 45PL3119 / PL-ITB

Continue to module 3.3:

Site Evaluation3.3

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References

• De Chiara, Joseph; John Callender. 1980. Time Saver Standards for Building Types. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

• De Chiara, Joseph; Lee E. 1997. Koppelman. Standar Perencanaan Tapak. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.

• Fishman, Robert. New Urbanism: Peter Caltrope vs Lars Lerup. Michigan Debates on Urbanism. Volume II. New York: The Regents of the University of Michigan.

• Hall, Kenneth; Gerald A. Porterfield. 1995. A Concise Guide to Community Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

• _____________________________. 2001. Community by Design: New Urbanisme for Suburbs and Small Communities. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

• Southworth, Michael ; Eran B. Joseph. 1997. Street and the Shaping of Town and Cities. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

• Steiner, F.; Kent Butler. 2007. Planning and Urban Design Standards. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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3.2 Site Planning Techniques