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3.1b Identifying differences
It takes time to construct a personal profile.Do we have any features that are unique?
Using features like these is called biometrics
3.1b Identifying differences
Choosing the best feature
Iris patterns arecompletely uniqueand impossible to fake.
But iris scanners areexpensive.
Where might they be worth using?
3.1b Identifying differences
Choosing the best feature
Faces aren’t as different as iris patterns,but some users prefer them.
Why?
You can scan them from further away.
You can check people as they walk past security cameraswithout them having to stop and look into the scanner.
3.1b Identifying differences
Choosing the best feature
Most biometric systems use fingerprints.
When fingerprints were originally used they could only be compared by eye.
Fingerprints show the pattern of ridges and grooves on a person's fingers.
What’s the most obvious thing about this one?
3.1b Identifying differences
To make finding a match easier, prints can be sorted into groups with similar patterns.
Which of these would you put together?
1
5
32
4 6
3.1b Identifying differences
Common fingerprint patterns
Whorls Arches Loops
1
5
32
46
3.1b Odd one out
Choose the odd one out
iris pattern
height
blood group
3.1b Odd one out
Choose the odd one out
iris pattern
blood group
fingerprint
3.1b Odd one out
Choose the odd one out
iris pattern
fingerprint
PIN number
3.2a Spot the parents
3.2a Making a baby
Similar but different
Each child has inherited features from each parent.
3.2a Making a baby
We all began life as a fertilised egg
What we actually inherited were genes …
… and these made our features appear as we grew.
3.2a Making a baby
3.2a Making a baby
Each parent has two sets of genes …
3.2a Making a baby
... but each set of genes is split into 23 groups.
Throw a dice to see which group of genes your baby inherits from each parent.Scores 1-3 = dark set, 4-6 = light set
3.2a Making a baby
This baby inherited …
These groups of genes from his mum …
… and these groups of genes from his dad.
3.2a True or false?
True or false?
1. Boys only inherit their dad’s genes and girls only inherit their mum’s.
2. Genes influence our appearance by controlling what cells make and how they behave.
3. Each sort of cell in our body contains different genes.
4. A brother and sister always inherit completely different genes from their parents.
5. Genes make us look different but we are all the same inside.
3.1b Odd one out
Choose the odd one out
iris pattern
height
blood group
3.1b Odd one out
Choose the odd one out
iris pattern
blood group
fingerprint
3.1b Odd one out
Choose the odd one out
iris pattern
fingerprint
PIN number
3.3 Twin studies
same genes, same environment
So if their variation is greater it must be caused by the environment
same genes, different environment
What twin studies show
Inherited (cards 1, 2, 4, 5, 13),
only by the environment (cards 8, 15),
Determined by both (3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18)
3.3 Twin studies
same genes, same environment
different genes, same environment
So if their variation is greater it must be caused by genes
What twin studies show
3.3 Twin studies
The identical twin on the right had a reduced blood supply in the womb.
Environmental differences can appear before birth
Extracting DNA
Objective:To develop competence in practical techniques by extracting
DNA from cells
Level 4Uses the extractionprocedure, times
eachstep accurately, andfollows safetyinstructions
Level 5Follows the
extractionprocedure outlinedwithout help andevaluate theeffectiveness of themethod makingsuggestions forimproving it.
Level 6Explain why resultsmight be differentacross the class,taking into account
theeffectiveness of themethod andcompetence ofpractical skills
Outcomes:
Practical Activity
Task: You will now follow a procedure to extract DNA from living cells (peas) While you are waiting between steps
complete task 2.
Extension: Complete the word fill
Extracting DNA
Level 4Uses the extractionprocedure, times eachstep accurately, andfollows safetyinstructions
Level 5Follows the extractionprocedure outlinedwithout help andevaluate theeffectiveness of themethod makingsuggestions forimproving it.
Level 6Explain why resultsmight be differentacross the class,taking into account theeffectiveness of themethod andcompetence ofpractical skills
Outcomes:
Use your outcome grid to assess what level you have achieved following the practical!!
Evaluating the Method
• How effective was the method? • Did you manage to extract DNA?• WWW- What techniques/steps did you
do well on?• EBI-What suggestions could you make
for improving your method/techniques?• How was your end product compared to
others?
Extracting DNA
Level 4Uses the extractionprocedure, times eachstep accurately, andfollows safetyinstructions
Level 5Follows the extractionprocedure outlinedwithout help andevaluate theeffectiveness of themethod makingsuggestions forimproving it.
Level 6Explain why resultsmight be differentacross the class,taking into account theeffectiveness of themethod andcompetence ofpractical skills
Outcomes:
Use your outcome grid to assess what level you have achieved this lesson!!
Size Matters 2
Hello! In 6 minutes I will start the lesson. In the meantime, you need:
• Your exercise book.• Outcomes – stuck in.• An ‘Activity 2’ sheet.• A yellow highligher pen.• A pencil• A ruler• Your HOMEWORK should be put in the tray with your
NAME on it by 3pm today.
3.4b How does height change with age?
How does height change with age?
BHS size chart: Age (years) Height (cm)
10 140
11 146
12 152
13 158
When you have finished with Activity 2 youmust get measurements (in cm) for your:
1. Height (you should have this from last lesson)
2. Foot length3. Arm length (shoulder to fingertips)4. Inside leg (length of leg on the inside)
THEN: Enter your details in the database on my computer.
age (years)
heig
ht
(cm
)
I don't understand what my graph
shows.Don't worry.
Most graphs are quite easy.
3.4b How does height change with age?
age (years)
heig
ht
(cm
)
... the greater theage (in years)
The points go up so...
... the greater theheight (in cm)
3.4b How does height change with age?
age (years)
heig
ht
(cm
)
You can use the graph tofind in-between heights.
3.4b How does height change with age?
First do a line throughthe points ...
age (years)
heig
ht
(cm
)
... now go up from 12.5
3.4b How does height change with age?
...and across to find the height.
Time (days) Height of plant (cm)
1 3
5 7
9 17
14 20
15 24
Draw a line graph for this data
Add a line of best fit & estimate height of plant after 10 days.
Conclude what the graph shows – what is the pattern?
Finished? Stick worksheets in and then grab a Science Works Book and turn to p39. Answer Q9-17 in your books
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
140 145 150 155 160 165 170
Height (cm)
Len
gth
of
foo
t (c
m)
3.4b Scatter graphs
True. But the points are close
to a line ...
... which means there is a
correlation.
There's no line on this graph.
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
140 145 150 155 160 165 170
Height (cm)
Fo
ot
len
gth
(cm
)
3.4b Scatter graphs
What if the pointsare all over the
place?It means there's no correlation.
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
140 145 150 155 160 165 170
Height (cm)
Len
gth
of
foo
t (c
m)
I'm 160 cm tall. Canyou find my foot
length?
I can estimate it ...... but boys with your
height can havedifferent sized feet.
3.4b Scatter graphs
3.4b Describing graphs
What does the graph show?
waist size
age
3.4b Describing graphs
What does the graph show?
naillength
age
3.4b Describing graphs
What does the graph show?
height ofparents
height of grandparents
3.4b Describing graphs
What does the graph show?
runningspeed
age
3.6 Achieving success
Sporting heroes
Can you change your body?
3.6 Sporting heroes
Is it worth training?
Can you change your body?
3.6 Natural advantages
Taller people have bigger lungs and take in more oxygen - so their muscles can work harder
2
3
4
5
6
140 150 160 170 180
Height (cm)
avera
ge v
olu
me
(lit
res)
avera
ge lun
g v
olu
me (
litre
s)
height (cm)
I predcit that someone with a height of 170cm would have a large lung capacity (about 4.5litres) This means that their muscles might be able to work harder and they might be better at sport. However, this is only an estimation as the person might be unfit in other ways such as…..;
I predict that someone with a height of 170cm would have a large lung capacity (about 4.5litres) This means that their muscles might be able to work harder and they might be better at sport. However, this is only an estimation as the person might be unfit in other ways such as…..;
3.6 Natural advantages
Record breaking
Gold medallist Peter Reed is 1.98 m tall and has a lung volume of 11.68 litres - the highest on record.
3.6 Natural advantages
Is height always an advantage?
