319 (City of Salford) Squadron Recruit Training Flight Lesson 4 Part 2 Basic Principles of Airmanship

319 (City of Salford) Squadron

Recruit Training Flight

Lesson 4

Part 2

Basic Principles of Airmanship


Basic Principles of AirmanshipPart 2

Introducing the GROB Tutor

&

Grob Tutor Flight Safety Brief


Aim of the Lesson

To introduce the concept of Air Experience Flying;

To introduce the GROB Tutor aircraft;

To look at standard instruments used in the GROB Tutor;

To show the Pre Flight Brief for the Tutor.


By The End of the Lesson...

Describe the features of a GROB Tutor aircraft;

Be able to recognise the instruments in the GROB Tutor;

State the way to enter and exit the aircraft both after an AEF flight and in an emergency.


The Grob TutorThe RAF has 12 flying units spread throughout the UK. These are known as Air Experience Flights (AEF) and their role is to provide training to cadets.

The current aircraft in use is the Grob 115E, known in the RAF as the TUTOR.

It has a single 180 horse power Lycoming Engine and will carry 33 Gallons (150 litres) of fuel giving approximately 2hrs 30mins flying time.


The Grob TutorThe undercarriage is the basic tricycle type, with a steerable nose wheel and independent breaks fitted to the rear wheels.

It is constructed of Carbon Reinforced Plastic, which although capable of withstanding aerodynamic forces in flight is not strong enough to support a person standing on it, so only walk on the marked areas.


3 Blade variable pitch propeller

Low wing monoplane

Tricycle undercarriage

Low tail plane design


RadiosThe Grob Tutor has both Very High Frequency and Ultra High Frequency Radios.

It is very important you do not make an changes to the radios unless told to do so.

Ensure you do not speak while the pilot is speaking to air traffic control.

Your instructor will show you the Radio controls when you are in the aircraft.


InstrumentsThe Grob Tutor has a small number of controls, levers, instruments, switches, dials and knobs.

It is vital you DO NOT TOUCH any of these instruments unless asked specifically to do so b the aircraft captain.

The key terms to remember are:Instruments – tell you that the aircraft is doing

Controls – make the aircraft do what you want it to do

Gauges – Show the state of some parts of the aircraft.


Tutor Control Panel


Attitude Indicator – May also be called the artificial horizon. Gives the pilot an indication of whether the aircraft is nose up, nose down, wings up or down or straight and level


Airspeed Indicator – Tell the pilot the airspeed of the aircraft. Coloured bands represent different operating speeds and will differ depending on the type of aircraft.


Altimeter – tells the pilot how high above sea level the aircraft is. This is based on the outside air pressure, so has to be set using the knob in the corner depending on the conditions


Vertical Speed Indicator – Indicates to the pilot whether the aircraft is climbing or descending and by how fast.


Turn and Slip Indicator – Used to help the pilot maintain a balanced turn. In a balanced turn the ball will remain in the centre. When slipping or skidding, the ball will move inwards / outwards. Your pilot will demonstrate this on your first flight.


Horizontal Situation Indicator – This gives the pilot information about the current heading, any track information to a location and other more advanced functions for instrument flying.


Any Questions


Flying ControlsThe flying controls on the Tutor are fairly standard.

They consist of:The Control Column

The Rudder Pedals

They control the aircraft using the Ailerons, Rudder and Elevator and control movement in the Rolling, Yawing and Pitching planes.


Rudder Pedals

Control Column (or Stick)



Axis of Rotation


Any Questions


Engine GaugesEngine gauges tell the pilot important information about the engine.

This could be how hard the engine is working, the temperatures and pressures or how fast the engine is running.

All this information is shown visually on the control panel, or on a computer screen in the more modern Tutor.


Temperature and Pressure Gauges show the pilot the operating conditions of the engine. These have to be monitored to stop them being over or under temperature or pressure.


Manifold Pressure Gauge – This gives an indication of how much power is being given to the engine.


RPM Gauge – This indicates how many revolutions per minute (RPM) the engine is running at. 4 = 4,000 RPM.


Engine ControlsThe engine controls can be located between the two seats and consist of the following controls:

The Throttle: The throttle allows the pilot to increase of decrease the engine output. Forward for faster, back for slower.

Mixture Control: Allows the pilot to control the fuel and air mix going into the engine.

RPM Control: Allows the pilot to set the best RPM and hence make the propeller more efficient.


Throttle

RPM

Mixture


Other ControlsWheel Brakes: Small toe operated pedals mounted above the rudder pedals. The pilot can select left/right wheel brake by pushing on the left or right pedal. These are used for steering the aircraft on the ground in confined areas.

Flaps: Used on the approach to land. They allow a lower approach speed and a more nose down attitude giving a better forward view.

Elevator Trimmer: This allows the pilot to make fine adjustments to the elevator so that the aircraft can be flown at a selected pitch attitude without pressure on the stick.


Trim Wheel Flap Selector


Any Questions


Questions for YouThe Tutor is a:

a. Low winged monoplane.

b. Mid winged monoplane

c. High winged monoplane

d. Mid winged biplane


Questions for YouWhat three engine controls does the engine have in a Tutor?

a. Accelerator, choke and throttle.

b. Throttle, choke and RPM.

c. Throttle, RPM and mixture controls.

d. Mixture, accelerator and throttle.


Questions for YouHow much fuel can a Tutor carry?

a. 9 gallons (40 litres)

b. 1.8 gallons (8 litres)

c. 90 gallons (409 litres)

d. 33 gallons (150 litres)


Questions for YouThe radios on a Tutor have two bands, they are?

a. AM/FM

b. VHF/LW

c. UHF/VHF

d. UHF/VHF


Questions for YouHow is the engine started on the Tutor?

a. Electronic ignition

b. Cranking handle

c. Turning the propeller

d. Electric started motor


The Pre Flight Brief - TutorYour Pre Flight Training will begin even before you visit an AEF.

On squadron, we have covered the layout of an airfield and the basic areas including Air Traffic Control.

A pre flight brief will be given by all aircraft captains or designated people in the RAF. These can last several hours in the case of long missions, or just a couple of minutes.

Their aim is to ensure EVERYONE knows the flight objectives and to ensure the flight can be conducted safely.


The Pre Flight Brief - TutorDuring the following video you should note:

The aim of the exercise;

Correct fitting and operation of the helmet;

Correct fitting and operation of the parachute;

Correct fitting and operation of the life-preserving waistcoat;

The fitting of the aircraft safety harness;

Checking for loose articles;

Action to be taken in event of an emergency, including abandoning the aircraft;


The Pre Flight Brief - TutorWhat you can and CANNOT touch in the aircraft;

Basic operation of the Radio.

When you first arrive at an AEF, the brief will also contain a local talk about:

The local area;

The Met Forecast;

Precautions on the ground;

Medical aspects of flying.


Tutor Brief VideoSee the Squadron Website for the briefing video


Any Questions


Questions for YouWhich of the following is not covered in the flight briefing?

a. Flying controls

b. Weather conditions

c. Loose article check

d. Fitting and operation of parachutes


Questions for YouIf you are about to fly but have a cold who should you tell?

a. Your parents

b. Your friends

c. Your Flight Commander

d. Your doctor


Questions for YouOn a life preserver the battery operated light is activated:

a. As soon as the jacket is inflated

b. When the beaded handle is pulled sharply

c. When it gets dark

d. As soon as the jacket comes into contact with water.


Questions for YouWhat does AEF stand for?

a. Air Experience Flight

b. Air Excellent Flight

c. Air Extensive Flight

d. Air Exciting Flight


By The End of the Lesson...

Describe the features of a GROB Tutor aircraft;

Be able to recognise the instruments in the GROB Tutor;

State the way to enter and exit the aircraft both after an AEF flight and in an emergency.

Documents

319 (City of Salford) Squadron Recruit Training Flight Lesson 4 Part 2 Basic Principles of Airmanship