318-E urada news

8/7/2019 318-E urada news

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EURADA-NEWS Nr 318 10.11.10

European Association of Development AgenciesAssociation Europenne des Agences de Dveloppement

EURADA-NEWSPriodique MensuelBureau de DptB 1040 Bruxelles 4Numro d'agrment: P904017Priode couverte: Novembre 2010Editeur Responsable : Christian SAUBLENS

E

SOMMAIRE

EDITORIAL ................................................ 1

DATES A RETENIR ................................... 1

VIE DU RESEAU

Snapshot runion avec des ARD turques . 2Programmation conjointe de la recherche 2Spcialisation rgionale intelligente ......... 2

BUDGET DE L'UERexamen du budget de l'UE .................. 3

POLITIQUE INDUSTRIELLE ..................... 4

MARCHE UNIQUE ..................................... 6

MARCHES PUBLICS ELECTRONIQUESLivre Vert e-Marchs publics .................... 7

APPELS A PROJETS ................................ 8

BIBLIOGRAPHIE ........................................ 9INTELLIGENCE TERRITORIALE

Global Location Trends ............................ 11STATISTIQUES

Taux de chmage rgionaux .................... 13

SUMMARY

EDITORIAL ................................................. 1

IMPORTANT DATES .................................. 1

LIFE OF THE NETWORK

Snapshot meeting with Turkish RDAs ...... 2Joint Programming in Research ................ 2Smart regional specialisation .................... 2

EU BUDGETEU budget review ...................................... 3

INDUSTRIAL POLICY ................................ 4

SINGLE MARKET ....................................... 6

ELECTRONIC PUBLIC PROCUREMENTGreen Paper e-Public Procurement .......... 7

CALLS FOR PROJECTS ............................ 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................... 9TERRITORIAL INTELLIGENCE

Global Location Trends ............................. 11STATISTICS

Regional unemployment rates .................. 13

EURADA - Avenue des Arts 12 - Bte 7 - B 1210 BruxellesTel. +32 2 218 43 13 - Fax. +32 2 218 45 83 - E-mail : [email protected]


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In recent years, the Nobel Economy Prizes rewarded the authors of work highlightingmarket failures or asymmetries of information between operators.

I am surprised that up to now, no Nobel Prize has rewarded work in the field of regionaldevelopment. The subject is indeed relevant: to market failures and asymmetries of information we can add public service failures due to institutional and administrative failures(bureaucracy, conservatism, JIMA syndrome, dogmatic decisions, etc.) as well asasymmetries of the public activity cycles with the economic cycles (elections, multi-annualprogramming, ).

The reasons of these failures can undoubtedly be found in the following attitudes:1. Lack of consistency. The problems are diagnosed, then a new device is being created.2. No risk taking. One keeps what one has in preference to innovation.3. Reactivity rather than proactivity. Few regions implement regional intelligence strategies.4. Support in series. One looks for grants in order to give grants.5. The attraction of tangible investment to the detriment of intangible investment.6. Navelgazing. Lack of a true global strategy.

Furthermore, in certain cases, we even note a system of hushing-up the private initiative,either by an excess of bureaucracy, incl. an excess of audits, or by slow administrativeprocedures or a dogmatic approach (cf. the fate of the English RDAs).

Will regional development stay in the sphere of the "Welfare State" or will it evolve towardsan "Accompanying State" of the beneficiaries in a transitional period?

25/26.11.10 Agorada 2010+ The RDA Experience (Arnhem, NL)

Join us at our AGORADA 2010+ Arnhem (NL), 25/26 November 2010The RDA Experience Business Models in Regional Economic Development

For further info, visit www.eurada.org

EDITORIAL

IMPORTANT DATES


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SNAP SHOT OF THE MEETING B ETWEENEURADA AND THETURKISH RDA S

On 25 and 26 Octobre last, a meeting between Eurada and representatives of the 26 newlycreated Turkish RDAs has allowed:

to consolidate the links with the new Turkish members,to envisage cooperation forms beteen the Turkish agencies and the Eurada secretariatbut also, in a near future, with the Eurada members,to note that the staff of these new agencies (generally approx. 30 persons per agency)is competent, multilingual and enthousiastic,to get informed on the strategies and achievements of a few Turkish RDAs.

FP 7 J OINT PROGRAMMIN G IN RESEARCH

The Eurada Secretariat has been invited to participate in the seminar entitled "JointProgramming in research 2010: a common approach towards innovation" organised by theBelgian Presidency of the EU and DG Research and to make a presentation on the role theRDAs might play in implementing future actions. The main points of the message deliveredwere as follows:

RDAs are implementing sectoral strategies which can be of interest to the projectpromoters, above all when the results of research work have to be implemented;by their proximity with key actors, RDAs can take part in the reflections relating to thelatters' demand;the Community programmes can be better defined in order to favour a complementarityof the devices (FP7-CIP-ERDF). The Interreg and Regions of Knowledge programmesmight be redefined in order to contribute to the exploitation at regional level of theresults of research work or to their dissemination in order to induce innovation in allregions.

SMARTR EGIONALSPECIALISATION

As mentioned in Eurada-News Nr 317, DG Regio will establish a platform with a view toexchanging experience in the field of smart regional specialisation.

A meeting to exchange views between DG Regio and Eurada members is scheduled in thesecond half of January 2011.

LIFE OF THE NETWORK


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EU BUDGET REVIEW

The European Commission has just presented its communication concerning the EU budgetreview.

A first reading, the threats on the future of the cohesion policy are passed now, as shown byPoint 3.3 of the communication itself and Points 7 and 8 of the staff working documentcomplementing the communication. The text nevertheless announces new orientations:concentration, links with the EU2020 strategy, territorial cohesion, competition betweenprogrammes, etc.

The next step for the Eurada members will be the coming publication of the 5 th report oncohesion and its introduction for public consultation.

What to k eep in mind of this commun ication about the cohesion policy?

Cohesion has positive effects for all: investing in the economies of the EU benefits all Member States.It acts as a catalyst for change in all Europe's regions. However, to ensure these benefits, cohesionfunding must be accurately targeted so that its added value is maximised. This points to a disciplined concentration on the objectives of Europe 2020, and a rigorous concentration on results.

For the next period the Europe 2020 strategy provides both a clear set of common priorities, and aclear framework for identification of funding priorities. Europe 2020 allows a much greater concentration than in the past. Clear priorities could be fixed to deliver smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, with work on: support for new businesses; innovation; reducing emissions;improving the quality of our environment; modernising universities; energy saving; the development of energy, transport and telecommunication networks with a common EU interest; investment inresearch infrastructure; human capital development; and active inclusion to help the fight against poverty.

Cohesion policy should become a standard bearer for the objectives of smart, inclusive and

sustainable growth of the Europe 2020 strategy in all regions.As today, Community resources should be focused on the poorest regions and Member States in linewith the Union's commitment to solidarity. Cohesion policy support is also important for the rest of the Union. Particular attention needs to be paid to those regions which have not yet completed their process of catching up. A simple and fair system of transitional support would avoid an economicshock due a sudden drop of funding.

More developed regions could be required to allocate the entirety of the financial allocation availableto two or three priorities, while less developed regions could devote their larger resources to aslightly wider range of priorities.

The Commission could adopt a common Strategic Framework, outlining a comprehensive investment strategy translating the targets and objectives of Europe 2020 into investment priorities.

Such a framework would replace the current approach of separate sets of strategic guidelines for policies and would ensure greater coordination between them.

EU BUDGET


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The document obviously addressed the reform of the Common Agricultural policy and thusrural development as well as sustainable growth.

Documents available on Eurada's webiste Members Area Heading Eurada-News

The European Commission has just published a communication entitled "An integratedindustrial policy for the globalisation era", one of the 7 flagship initiatives of the Europe2020 strategy.

The document's table of contents is as follows:

1. Europe needs industry2. A Fresh Approach to Industrial Policy3. Improving framework conditions for industry

with one point devoted to improving access to finance for businesses4. Strengthening the Single Market

5. A new industrial innovation policy6. Capitalising on globalisation7. Promoting industrial modernisation8. The sector-specific dimension a targeted approach9. Conclusions: A new EU governance for industrial policy

It is to be noted that the document comprises a part devoted to industrial innovation whichcomplements the content of the flagship initiative entitled "Innovation Union" (cf. Eurada-News Nr 317).

What to keep in mind of this document?

The Commission will examine whether European financial instruments can be refocused in the next programming

period post-2013 to help overcome market failures in financing small businesses and innovation; launch an initiative to promote the wide and timely deployment, take-up and commercialisation of

competitive Key Enabling Technologies; promote industrial research, development and innovation on advanced manufacturing

technologies, building on the Factories for the Future initiative, in order to facilitate themodernisation of the EU industrial base and providing a response to societal challenges likeenergy efficiency, climate change and resource scarcity;

develop policy approaches to foster the potential for greater cross-fertilisation between sectors,

including traditional manufacturing sectors and SMEs;

INDUSTRIAL POLICY


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present a new Strategy for globally competitive Clusters and Networks including specific action topromote globally competitive clusters and networks in both traditional and emerging industries(2011);

present a strategy for support for the internationalisation of SMEs with concrete measuresbuilding on policies set out in the Small Business Act (Communication in 2011);

launch an Eco-innovation Action Plan to ensure the commercialisation and deployment of keyenvironmental technologies.

review the Rescue and Restructuring Guidelines for State Aid (2012); support Member States and regions through Cohesion Policy in the diversification of existing

industries, upgrading industrial capacity, stimulating investment and innovation to re-develop and strengthen the resilience of local economies;

put forward a new policy initiative on corporate social responsibility addressing emerging issuessuch as business and human rights, and company disclosure of environmental, social,employment-related, and governance information (2011);

Some sector-specific initiatives could be taken for certain types of sectors: a sectoral industrial policy for space based on the new competences given by the Lisbon Treaty. Motor vehicles and transport equipment industries will play a major role in developing the

solutions for sustainable mobility. Sectors which are most promising in meeting the other future societal challenges of climate

change, health, and security (for example healthcare, environmental goods and technologies,energy supply industries, and security industries).

Sectors where value-chain considerations are particularly important (for example chemicals,engineering, transport-equipment manufacturers, agro-food, and business services).

Energy-intensive sectors exposed to international competition need the advantages of competitiveenergy markets, which offer favourable framework conditions that will enable them to prosper inthe EU (access to energy and raw materials at competitive prices, level playing field on the globalmarket, etc.).


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The European Commission has just published a communication and opened a publicconsultation entitled "Towards a single market act for a highly competitive social marketeconom. 50 proposals for improving our work, business and exchanges with one another".

In the introduction, the document underlines that "this is a social market economy approach, based on the assumption that a single market needs to enjoy the support of all market players: businesses, consumers and workers. In this way, the single market will allow Europe to become collectively competitive.Because the single market can offer even more growth and jobs. Full use has yet to be made of its potential. For example, cross-border procurement accounted for only around 1.5% of all public contracts awarded in 2009. Despite the significant progress achieved in the single market for services, cross-border services account for only 5% of the EU's GDP,compared with 17% for manufactured goods traded within the single market. Only 7% of consumers used the Internet to make cross-border purchases in 2008.The Commission estimates that completing, deepening and making full use of the single market, in particular by means of the measures proposed in this Communication would potentially produce growth of about 4% of GDP over the next ten years.Furthermore, the single market is not an end in itself. It is a tool for implementing other

policies. All of the public and private measures, the responses to the challenges concerning growth, social cohesion and employment, security and climate change, will be more likely to succeed if the single market works as it should.The relaunch of the single market is therefore an essential element of the EU 2020 strategy."

Le document est structur en trois thmatiques:1. A strong, sustainable and equitable growth for business, which proposes i.a. measures

aiming at : promoting and protecting creativity (EU patent), an action plan against counterfeiting and piracy,

the development of an internal market in services, the development of electronic commerce, the revision of the energy tax directive, an action plan for improving SME access to capital markets an assessment of European public procurement legislation a legislative initiative on services concessions, incl. PPPs.

2. Restoring confidence by putting Europeans at the heart of the single market with amongother things, measures concerning: communication on services of general interest, initiative on a social business initiative.

3. Dialogue, partnership, evaluation: the keys to good governance of the single market

SINGLE MARKET


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The document is subject to a public consultation until 28 February 2011. All interestedparties are invited to submit their views about the relaunch of the single market and, inparticular on the 50 measures proposed in the document, to the following address:http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/smact. Specific information tools will be made availableto interested parties.

GREEN P APER ON E-PROCUREMENT

The European Commission has just published a green paper on expanding electronicprocurement in the European Union and to introduce 15 proposals for a public consultationuntil 31 January 2011.

The European Commission has to note that the hope voiced by EU Ministers that by 2010 atleast 50% of public procurement above the EU public procurement threshold should becarried out electronically is far from being achieved (except in Portugal) and represents lessthan 5%. The Commission has presented in this Green Paper some new ideas forovercoming inertia on the part of contracting authorities and economic operators which iscurrently holding back the migration to e-Procurement.

Full text available on Eurada's website Members Area Heading Eurada-News

ELECTRONIC PUBLIC PROCUREMENT


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LIFE-LONG LEARNIN G

O.J. C 290, 27.10.10, contains the deadlines for the submission of projects under theLeonardo da Vinci, Comenius, Erasmus and Grundvig programmes.

For Leonardo da Vinci, the deadlines are 4 February 2011 or 28 February 2011 dependingon the nature of the projects.

Infopack: http://ec;europa.eu/education/llp/doc848_en.htm

FUTURE CALLS FOR CIP PROJECTS

Clusters

The Commission seems to intend to launch mid-2011 a new call for projects to supportclusters. The current pathes seem to be in the field of support to internationalisation andexcellence. In the first case, the call for tenders would be intended to public authorities andintermediary bodies which, in their turn, would launch calls for projects to clusters fromdifferent member states wishing to establish transnational relationships. Non Europeanclusters might be associated, but could nevertheless not receive funding for their activities.

There is already a memorandum of coopeation in this area with Japan via the EU-JapanCentre for Industrial Cooperation. A similar one is under preparation with India.

With regard to excellence, the call would aim at financing the training of cluster managersbased on the training material developed within the framework of the Cluster Excellenceproject.

Public procurement

Mid-2012 the European Commission should launch a new call for projects in the field of innovation in public procurement.

The call will be endowed with a budget of approximately 12 million EURO. It would comprisetwo strands, one relating to the exchange of experience and the other one toexperimentation financing. The costs for the design of the calls, the legal advices etc. wouldbe eligible for the second strand, but not the purchase of goods or services.

Other topics of calls for projects under preparation

You will find below a list of calls for projects under preparation within the framework of theCIP programme.

Better policies to develop world-class clusters in EuropeEuropean Creative Industries Alliance (ECIA)Joint actions for non-technological, user-centred innovation

CALLS FOR PROJECTS


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Eco-innovation: first application and market replication projectsSustainable industry low carbon scheme (SLIC). This will be an industrial programmewhich consists of a set of sector-specific industrial projects carried out by consortia of industrial stakeholders representing sectors of the energy intensive manufacturingindustries.Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) programme. ETV will be provided byverification bodies. In order to lower the cost for vencors grant agreements will beproposed to accredited VBs in order to cover the fixed costs of the system.

THE R EGIONALI MPA CT OF TECHNOLOGICALCHANGE IN 2020

By UNU-MERIT for DG Regio

Table of contents1. Introduction2. Framework conditions for innovation3. Regional typology4. Pathways of innovation5. Sectors of the future and policy challenges6. Policy issues for each type of region7. Conclusions

The report classifies the European regions into seven categories:1. Metropolitan knowledge-intensive services regions2. Knowledge absorbing regions3. Public knowledge centres4. Skilled industrial Eastern Europe

5. High-tech regions6. Skilled technology regions7. Traditional Southern EU regions

To be highlighted, among other things:

Mos t im po r t an t s ecto r s fo r r eg iona l e conom i c deve lopm en t Most mentioned sectors are: 'research and development (contract research)','education', 'transport, storage and communication services', 'motor vehicles', 'hotelsand restaurants', 'health and social work', 'agriculture, forestry and fishing','pharmaceuticals', 'food products, beverages and tobacco', 'machine-tools and specialpurpose machinery'.

It is striking that many of the most mentioned sectors are quite traditional. The focusgroup workshops confirmed that most answers reflected the existing regional importanceof the sectors. Per type of regions the answers differed, in the sense that in MetropolitanKIS regions more than half of the sectors mentioned are in services. In Skilled industrial

BIBLIOGRAPHY


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GLOBALLOCATION TRENDS

Annual report of IBM Global Business Services

To be found below, the point entitled "Trends by business function":The changes in corporate location strategies manifest themselves in more nuanced ways for different types of

business functions. Hence, investment in services activities (regional headquarters, shared services centers,business support functions) recovered in 2009, with more than 115,000 jobs created globally in these functionscompared to just over 100,000 in 2008. Accordingly, a central feature of the corporate restructuring currentlytaking place is the move toward greater use of the Shared Services Center model (where a particular function isconcentrated in one place for use throughout the organization) for a wider range of activities, including highervalue added activities such as Human Resources and decision support functions. Meanwhile, as activities areseparated into individual shared services centers, we see fewer new large headquarters with all key serviceactivities centralized within one location. Rather, companies are increasingly ready to embrace the opportunitiesoffered by different locations within a region or globally for their service functions, such as to take advantage of the differences in costs and skills in different countries, regions, and cities.

For business support functions (such as shared services and business process outsourcing) the Philippines hastaken over the lead in the global ranking from India, after having challenged the top position for several years.This is the first time that India is not in the leading position for these activities. The Philippines offers asimilarly attractive business environment for international business support functions as India, but has not hadthe same labor cost increases as have occurred in various Indian hot spots in recent years. China is continuingits ascent as a services destination, and confirms it should not be considered anymore merely the worldsfactory. Sri Lanka is another Asian country that has succeeded in positioning itself as an alternative to India.

While South Africa and Egypt confirm their increased attractiveness for services investment, various othercountries have emerged as new preferred destinations, notably in Latin America where Costa Rica andColombia are now both among the worlds top ten recipient countries. Finally, Fiji is remarkably highly ranked.This is due to one single large services center.

In contrast to services, investment in production activities remained low, with further decreases in 2009compared to 2008. This is perhaps unsurprising, as production investment is often more capital intensive anddriven by market growth, with companies awaiting firmer signs of economic recovery before initiating such newprojects. The decline has been particularly pronounced among the four BRIC countries and traditional hotspotsfor production investment in Eastern Europe. In contrast, the US saw an increase in production investment andis ranked as the top destination country. Moreover, Mexico saw a huge increase in new jobs in productionoperations of which many are focused on serving the US market. These trends support the view that in troubledtimes, production investment returns to the safest, most predictable places, such as the United States, and thosecountries that are intimately connected to their markets, such as Mexico.

Similarly, research & development (R&D) activities are investments with long pay-back periods, withcompanies typically postponing such investments until there is more solid evidence of a sustainable economicrecovery. Consequently, countries that have been key recipients of R&D investment in the past - notably India,which had received many large software development projects - have experienced substantial declines in jobcreation. Similarly, China has suffered a considerable reduction in inward R&D investment and is now rankedthird after the US.

For R&D investment it is worth emphasizing that the analysis is focused on standalone R&D centers. Thismeans that R&D activity that takes place in support of local production operations is not included in thisanalysis. As a consequence, the number of R&D investment projects and jobs created in these centers are

TERRIGORIAL INTELLIGENCE


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relatively low in comparison with other business functions, and probably does not reflect the full extent of R&Dactivities in these countries.

Also, we see more of these R&D activities being done in partnerships, with joint ventures a growing operatingmodel. This suggests that companies will increasingly be looking for locations with an existing R&D base that

offers such opportunities for partnership.

With regard to the top ranking destination cities, the following results are to be noted:1. London 6. Sao Paulo2. Shanghai 7. New York 3. Paris 8. Sydney4. Dubai 9. Chennai5. Bangalore 10. Amsterdam

The Top 20 by continent is as follows:Europe 6North America 3South America 2Asia 7 (India: 5)Oceania 1Middle East 1

Report available on demand from the Eurada secretariat.


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159/2010 - 27 October 2010

Unemployment in the EU27 in 2009Regional unemployment rates ranged from2.1% in Zeeland to 27.1% in RunionRegional unemployment rates1 varied widely across the EU27 in 2009, from 2.1% in the region of Zeeland in theNetherlands, to 27.1% in Runion , a French Overseas Department. Between 2008 and 2009 unemployment rosein 90% of the 271 NUTS 22 regions of the EU27 .

Of these 271 regions, 28 had an unemployment rate of 4.4% or less in 2009, half the average for the EU27 . Theyincluded eleven out of twelve regions in the Netherlands , five regions in Austria , three in Italy , two each inBelgium , the Czech Republic and Germany , and one each in Bulgaria , Romania and the United Kingdom . Atthe other extreme, thirteen regions had a rate of 17.8% or higher, double that of the EU27 : nine regions in Spain and the four French Overseas Departments.

These data on regional unemployment, compiled on the basis of the EU Labour Force Survey, are published byEurostat, the statistical office of the European Union .

Female unemployment rates varied from 2.4% in Zeeland to 33.6% in Melilla

At regional level, the female unemployment rate was lowest in 2009 inZeeland (2.4%) and Utrecht (2.9%) in the

Netherlands and Tirol (2.9%) in Austria. The rate was highest in the Spanish region of Melilla (33.6%) and theFrench Overseas Department of Runion (29.0%).

In 32 regions the female unemployment rate was 4.4% or less, half the average for the EU27 . They included elevenout of twelve regions in theNetherlands , five regions inAustria , four in the United Kingdom , three in Germany ,two in Belgium , and one each in Bulgaria , Denmark , the Czech Republic , Italy , Romania , Slovenia and Slovakia . At the other extreme, twelve regions had a rate of 17.8% or higher, double that of the EU27 : eightregions in Spain and the four French Overseas Departments.

Unemployment rates for young people varied from 4.0% in Zeeland to 59.3% in Guadeloupe

Regional differences in the unemployment rate for young people are also very marked. In the EU27 in 2009, thelowest rates for young people were recorded in the Dutch regions of Zeeland (4.0%), Gelderland (5.4%),Overijssel (5.6%) and Utrecht (5.7%), and the highest in the French Overseas Departments of Guadeloupe (59.3%),Martinique (57.6%) and Runion (49.6%).

In 35 regions the unemployment rate for young people was 9.9% or less, half the average for the EU27 : fourteenregions in Germany , all twelve regions in theNetherlands , five inAustria , and one each in the Czech Republic , Italy , Slovakia and the United Kingdom . In seven regions the rate was 39.8% or more, double that of the EU27 :three regions each in Spain and France and one in Italy .

There was only one region where youth unemployment was lower than total unemployment,Bremen in Germany,and in three quarters of the EU27 regions the unemployment rate for young people was at least twice that for totalunemployment.


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Highest and lowest unemployment rates in the EU27 in 2009 (in %)Lowest unemployment rates Highest unemployment rates

Region Rate Region RateTotal

1 Zeeland (NL) 2.1 1 Runion (FR) 27.12 Gelderland (NL) 2.8 2 Canarias (ES) 26.23 Bolzano / Bozen (IT) 2.9 3 Andalucia (ES) 25.43 Utrecht (NL) 2.9 4 Melilla (ES) 24.23 Tirol (AT) 2.9 5 Guadeloupe (FR) 23.46 Praha (CZ) 3.1 6 Martinique (FR) 21.87 Noord-Brabant (NL) 3.2 7 Valenciana (ES) 21.27 Noord-Holland (NL) 3.2 8 Murcia (ES) 20.77 Salzburg (AT) 3.2 9 Extremadura (ES) 20.5

10 Trento (IT) 3.5 10 Guyane (FR) 20.210 Friesland (NL) 3.5 11 Ceuta (ES) 18.9

12 Castilla-La Mancha (ES) 18.8Women

1 Zeeland (NL) 2.4 1 Melilla (ES) 33.62 Utrecht (NL) 2.9 2 Runion (FR) 29.02 Tirol (AT) 2.9 3 Ceuta (ES) 28.24 Gelderland (NL) 3.1 4 Andalucia (ES) 27.15 Praha (CZ) 3.2 5 Canarias (ES) 27.06 Noord-Brabant (NL) 3.3 6 Guadeloupe (FR) 26.37 Bolzano / Bozen (IT) 3.4 7 Guyane (FR) 25.97 Noord-Holland (NL) 3.4 8 Extremadura (ES) 25.39 Flevoland (NL) 3.5 9 Martinique (FR) 23.0

10 Drenthe (NL) 3.6 10 Castilla-La Mancha (ES) 21.410 Overijssel (NL) 3.6 11 Valenciana (ES) 21.010 Zuid-Holland (NL) 3.6 12 Murcia (ES) 18.810 Salzburg (AT) 3.610 Bucureti - Ilfov (RO) 3.6

Young people (aged 15-24)1 Zeeland (NL) 4.0 1 Guadeloupe (FR) 59.32 Gelderland (NL) 5.4 2 Martinique (FR) 57.63 Overijssel (NL) 5.6 3 Runion (FR) 49.64 Utrecht (NL) 5.7 4 Canarias (ES) 47.95 Tbingen (DE) 5.8 5 Andalucia (ES) 45.06 Noord-Holland (NL) 6.1 6 Sardegna (IT) 44.77 Noord-Brabant (NL) 6.3 7 Extremadura (ES) 41.28 Oberbayern (DE) 6.4 8 Melilla (ES) 39.78 Tirol (AT) 6.4 9 Valenciana (ES) 39.5

10 Freiburg (DE) 6.7 10 Sicilia (IT) 38.511 Bremen (DE) 6.9 11 Basilicata (IT) 38.311 Oberpfalz (DE) 6.9 12 Campania (IT) 38.1

1. The unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed persons in the economically active population.According to the recommendations of the International Labour Organisation, a person is deemed to be unemployed if allthree of the following conditions are met:

he or she is without work during the survey reference week;he or she is available for work, being able to take up employment within two weeks;he or she has actively sought work over the past four weeks.

2. These data are based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) as last modified in February 2007.NUTS 2006 provides a uniform, consistent breakdown of territorial units for the production of regional statistics for the EU.Level 2 of the nomenclature has 271 regions: Belgium (11), Bulgaria (6), the Czech Republic (8), Denmark (5), Germany(39), Ireland (2), Greece (13), Spain (19), France (26), Italy (21), Hungary (7), the Netherlands (12), Austria (9), Poland (16),Portugal (7), Romania (8), Slovenia (2), Slovakia (4), Finland (5), Sweden (8) and the United Kingdom (37). Estonia, Cyprus,Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg and Malta are all considered as single regions at NUTS 2 level.The statistical regions in the candidate and EFTA follow the same rules as the NUTS regions in the EU, except that there isno legal base. There are 46 regions in these countries at Level 2: Norway (7), Switzerland (7), Croatia (3) and Tukey (26).Iceland, Liechtenstein and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are all considered as single regions at Level 2.

Issued by: Eurostat Press Office

Tim ALLENTel: +352-4301-33 444

[email protected]

For further information on data:

Berthold FELDMANNTel: +352-4301-34 401

[email protected]

Eurostat news releases on the internet: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostatmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Unemployment rates in the regions of the European UnionTotal Females 15-24 years old

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009EU27 7.0 8.9 7.5 8.9 15.6 19.9BELGIUM 7.0 7.9 7.6 8.1 18.0 21.9Bruxelles-Cap. / Brussels Hfdst. 15.9 15.7 16.6 15.7 33.2 31.7 Vlaams Gewest 3.9 4.9 4.2 4.9 10.5 15.7

Antwerpen 4.6 5.7 4.6 6.1 10.2 16.2Limburg (BE) 4.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 11.7 18.0Oost-Vlaanderen 3.6 4.2 3.9 4.3 11.4 13.9Vlaams Brabant 4.2 4.9 3.9 4.6 12.0 18.7

West-Vlaanderen 2.7 4.3 3.3 4.1 8.0 13.0Rgion Wallonne 10.0 11.2 11.4 11.8 27.5 30.5 Brabant Wallon 6.5 6.9 6.8 7.1 19.7 19.4Hainaut 11.6 13.2 13.6 14.4 32.8 38.0Lige 10.5 12.1 11.6 12.7 26.9 29.7Luxembourg (BE) 7.7 7.4 9.3 7.8 22.9 21.7Namur 8.8 9.4 10.3 9.7 23.8 22.7

BULGARIA 5.6 6.8 5.8 6.6 12.7 16.2Severna i Iztochna Bulgaria 7.5 8.3 7.8 8.3 17.4 19.8

Severozapaden 7.1 8.0 6.5 7.7 18.3 15.1Severen tsentralen 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.2 17.9 21.7Severoiztochen 8.6 10.4 10.2 10.2 19.0 23.5Yugoiztochen 5.8 6.6 6.0 7.1 14.8 18.0

Yugozapadna i Yuzhna tsentralna Bulgaria 3.8 5.3 3.9 5.0 7.8 12.7 Yugozapaden 2.9 4.1 3.0 3.9 6.7 10.0Yuzhen tsentralen 5.1 7.3 5.2 6.8 9.7 17.3

CZECH REPUBLIC 4.4 6.7 5.6 7.7 9.9 16.6Praha 1.9 3.1 2.3 3.2 4.8 9.4St edn echy 2.6 4.4 3.0 5.2 6.1 15.3Jihozpad 3.1 5.2 4.3 6.1 6.6 13.5Severozpad 7.8 10.3 8.8 12.5 18.2 23.5Severovchod 4.0 7.3 5.4 8.8 8.3 14.9Jihovchod 4.0 6.5 5.4 7.5 7.8 15.8St edn Morava 4.9 7.5 6.1 8.8 11.2 18.1Moravskoslezsko 7.4 9.7 10.3 10.9 15.0 21.3

DENMARK 3.3 6.0 3.7 5.4 7.6 11.2Hovedstaden 3.6 6.1 3.5 5.4 6.9 11.6Sjlland 3.2 5.2 3.8 4.2 8.7 11.1Syddanmark 3.2 6.1 3.5 5.8 8.1 11.6Midtjylland 3.1 5.8 3.8 5.1 7.9 10.4Nordjylland 3.4 7.0 4.2 6.5 6.9 11.0

GERMANY 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.2 10.5 11.2

Baden-Wrttemberg 4.2 5.1 4.7 5.0 6.6 8.3Stuttgart 4.2 5.2 4.9 5.3 7.0 9.4Karlsruhe 4.8 5.6 5.1 5.2 6.4 9.8Freiburg 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.1 6.3 6.7Tbingen 3.7 4.9 4.4 4.9 6.6 5.8

Bayern 4.2 5.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 8.0 Oberbayern 3.3 4.2 3.4 3.9 5.0 6.4Niederbayern 4.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 4.6 7.3Oberpfalz 4.2 4.9 4.2 5.0 5.7 6.9Oberfranken 6.1 6.6 6.7 6.7 8.5 13.5Mittelfranken 5.5 6.3 5.4 6.6 7.2 9.2Unterfranken 4.4 5.6 5.0 5.8 6.7 9.7Schwaben 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.5 6.3 7.1

Berlin 15.1 13.7 13.4 11.6 17.9 17.5 Brandenburg 11.5 11.3 11.2 10.3 14.5 17.1

Brandenburg-Nordost 12.6 12.8 12.3 11.8 16.1 19.6

Brandenburg-Sdwest 10.5 10.1 10.4 9.1 13.1 14.7Bremen 9.5 9.0 7.6 6.9 10.2 6.9Hamburg 7.1 7.1 6.4 5.7 12.1 10.3Hessen 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.1 10.5 11.2

Darmstadt 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.0 10.0 10.7Gieen 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.4 12.2 12.8Kassel 7.4 6.6 7.4 6.3 10.3 11.4

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 14.6 13.9 14.4 12.9 15.0 15.1Niedersachsen 7.1 6.8 7.0 6.4 10.4 10.3

Braunschweig 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.0 11.1 10.8Hannover 7.6 7.9 6.7 6.9 11.0 12.0Lneburg 6.2 5.4 6.2 5.2 11.3 9.5Weser-Ems 6.2 5.9 6.5 5.7 9.1 9.2

Nordrhein-Westfalen 7.4 7.8 7.2 7.0 11.5 12.3Dsseldorf 7.4 7.7 7.0 6.7 12.7 13.1Kln 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.5 10.8 10.6

Mnster 6.4 7.3 6.0 6.4 8.8 10.8Detmold 7.2 7.7 7.5 6.9 12.1 12.1Arnsberg 8.7 9.2 8.8 8.3 12.3 14.2

Rheinland-Pfalz 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.6 9.7 10.7 Koblenz 5.8 6.7 6.5 6.4 9.6 10.9Trier 5.2 4.6 5.2 4.3 9.3 7.7Rheinhessen-Pfalz 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.4 9.8 11.7


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2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009EU27 7.0 8.9 7.5 8.9 15.6 19.9GERMANY (cont.) 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.2 10.5 11.2Saarland 7.1 8.3 6.8 8.2 13.9 14.7 Sachsen 12.9 12.4 12.6 12.2 15.6 14.9

Chemnitz 12.1 12.3 13.1 12.7 11.4 13.1Dresden 12.3 12.0 11.5 11.5 17.6 16.5Leipzig 14.7 13.2 13.6 12.5 17.6 14.9

Sachsen-Anhalt 14.6 13.7 15.5 13.3 18.3 16.0

Schleswig-Holstein 6.8 7.2 6.8 6.8 11.3 10.4Thringen 10.6 10.6 11.9 10.5 11.7 11.4ESTONIA 5.5 13.8 5.3 10.6 12.0 27.5IRELAND 6.0 11.7 4.6 7.9 12.7 24.2

Border, Midland and Western 7.0 13.0 5.8 8.8 15.1 27.2Southern and Eastern 5.7 11.3 4.2 7.6 11.8 23.2

GREECE 7.7 9.5 11.4 13.1 22.1 25.8Voreia Ellada 8.7 10.1 13.5 14.4 23.6 28.7

Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki 8.7 10.9 14.4 15.7 21.8 31.5Kentriki Makedonia 8.3 9.9 12.8 14.1 22.2 27.7Dytiki Makedonia 12.5 12.5 19.3 17.0 36.8 35.2Thessalia 8.4 9.2 12.1 13.1 23.7 26.6

Kentriki Ellada 8.7 9.6 14.0 15.0 27.5 28.8 Ipeiros 9.9 11.2 16.3 16.2 30.7 34.2Ionia Nisia 8.5 9.7 12.1 14.0 26.7 26.1Dytiki Ellada 9.6 9.5 15.6 15.1 31.2 28.6Sterea Ellada 8.5 10.5 14.3 16.9 28.1 33.4Peloponnisos 7.1 8.0 11.3 13.2 21.2 23.3

Attiki 6.5 8.8 8.6 11.1 19.1 21.9Nisia Aigaiou, Kriti 6.5 9.3 10.7 13.6 15.0 22.5

Voreio Aigaio 4.5 6.0 9.4 12.1 20.2 25.0Notio Aigaio 8.1 12.0 12.7 17.5 14.9 24.6Kriti 6.3 8.8 10.1 12.2 13.9 20.8

SPAIN 11.3 18.0 13.0 18.4 24.6 37.8Noroeste 8.5 12.7 10.3 13.7 21.0 31.7

Galicia 8.7 12.6 10.4 13.6 21.2 30.8Asturias 8.4 13.4 11.0 14.5 21.6 35.4Cantabria 7.2 12.0 8.9 12.8 19.1 30.0

Noreste 6.8 11.7 8.1 12.0 19.6 31.7 Pas Vasco 6.4 11.0 7.7 11.5 19.2 31.5Navarra 6.7 10.9 8.3 12.0 18.7 30.9La Rioja 7.8 12.8 9.8 13.0 22.0 33.1

Aragn 7.1 12.8 8.2 12.5 20.0 32.0Madrid 8.7 14.0 9.6 13.9 21.0 34.4Centro (ES) 11.3 16.9 15.6 19.9 24.0 35.6

Castilla y Len 9.5 13.8 13.4 16.5 22.2 31.7Castilla-La Mancha 11.6 18.8 15.4 21.4 22.9 36.4Extremadura 15.2 20.5 21.6 25.3 29.1 41.2

Este 10.2 18.2 10.8 17.4 23.1 37.6 Catalua 9.0 16.2 9.0 15.2 20.4 37.1Valenciana 12.1 21.2 13.6 21.0 26.4 39.5Illes Balears 10.2 18.0 10.8 16.5 24.3 31.7

Sur 17.0 24.6 20.4 25.9 30.0 43.2 Andaluca 17.8 25.4 21.5 27.1 31.1 45.0Murcia 12.6 20.7 13.6 18.8 23.6 33.7Ceuta 17.3 18.9 26.8 28.2 39.1 34.8Melilla 20.7 24.2 29.3 33.6 37.8 39.7

Canarias 17.4 26.2 19.0 27.0 32.1 47.9

FRANCE 7.8 9.5 8.4 9.8 19.1 23.3le de France 7.2 8.4 6.4 7.8 18.6 19.5 Bassin parisien 7.2 8.8 8.3 9.2 18.2 22.7

Champagne-Ardenne 8.0 9.6 9.5 10.4 19.4 19.4Picardie 7.5 10.7 8.3 10.7 17.9 27.7Haute-Normandie 8.9 10.4 10.7 11.5 22.5 23.6Centre 5.7 7.0 6.7 7.2 14.2 18.3Basse-Normandie 6.7 7.3 8.7 8.0 16.6 22.2Bourgogne 6.7 8.1 6.8 8.2 18.7 26.0

Nord - Pas-de-Calais 11.4 13.5 12.0 13.4 27.2 35.9Est 7.3 10.0 8.7 10.0 17.0 23.2

Lorraine 8.4 11.6 9.2 11.3 19.2 27.3Alsace 6.1 8.5 7.6 8.8 13.6 19.9Franche-Comt 7.1 9.2 9.7 9.2 18.5 20.1

Ouest 6.3 7.3 6.9 8.5 16.1 18.8 Pays de la Loire 6.4 8.0 7.3 9.3 16.2 19.3

Bretagne 5.6 5.9 6.0 7.3 15.2 15.5Poitou-Charentes 7.4 8.7 7.8 9.1 17.7 23.8Sud-ouest 6.8 8.8 7.9 9.8 17.7 20.7

Aquitaine 7.4 8.7 8.8 9.5 20.7 21.9Midi-Pyrnes 6.4 9.4 7.3 10.8 16.1 21.0Limousin 5.8 6.5 6.5 6.8 13.8 15.0


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2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009EU27 7.0 8.9 7.5 8.9 15.6 19.9FRANCE (cont.) 7.8 9.5 8.4 9.8 19.1 23.3Centre-est 6.6 8.5 7.3 8.8 13.3 20.9

Rhne-Alpes 6.6 8.7 7.2 8.9 13.8 21.6Auvergne 6.7 7.8 7.8 8.3 10.8 16.9

Mditerrane 8.8 10.8 9.1 11.0 22.4 27.2 Languedoc-Roussillon 9.9 13.9 10.1 13.5 26.1 32.9Provence-Alpes-Cte d'Azur 8.2 9.5 8.4 9.6 20.8 24.8

Corse 8.4 6.9 13.0 12.0 17.4 10.4Dpartements d'Outre-Mer 23.1 24.4 25.8 26.6 48.1 51.2 Guadeloupe 21.9 23.4 25.5 26.3 51.7 59.3Martinique 22.3 21.8 24.2 23.0 50.0 57.6Guyane 21.4 20.2 28.8 25.9 39.6 37.6Runion 24.4 27.1 26.4 29.0 47.6 49.6

ITALY 6.7 7.8 8.5 9.3 21.3 25.4Nord Ovest 4.2 5.8 5.4 6.9 13.9 20.1

Piemonte 5.0 6.8 6.3 7.8 14.9 24.1Valle dAosta / Valle dAoste 3.3 4.4 4.2 5.6 12.0 17.5Liguria 5.4 5.7 7.1 7.1 22.0 18.8Lombardia 3.7 5.4 4.8 6.4 12.5 18.5

Nord Est 3.4 4.7 4.8 5.8 10.7 15.7 Bolzano / Bozen 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.4 6.0 8.9Trento 3.3 3.5 4.5 4.6 8.5 11.5Veneto 3.5 4.8 5.2 6.4 10.7 14.4

Friuli-Venezia Giulia 4.3 5.3 6.4 6.4 13.9 18.9Emilia-Romagna 3.2 4.8 4.3 5.5 11.1 18.3Centro (IT) 6.1 7.2 8.2 9.2 19.6 24.8

Toscana 5.0 5.8 7.3 7.8 14.4 17.8Umbria 4.8 6.7 6.8 9.3 14.4 19.6Marche 4.7 6.6 5.7 7.2 12.6 22.6Lazio 7.5 8.5 9.7 10.8 26.2 30.6

Sud 11.4 11.9 15.1 14.8 31.2 34.0 Abruzzo 6.6 8.1 8.7 10.5 19.7 24.0Molise 9.1 9.1 12.4 11.0 28.8 27.1Campania 12.6 12.9 16.8 16.0 32.4 38.1Puglia 11.6 12.6 15.8 16.2 31.6 32.6Basilicata 11.1 11.2 15.2 13.9 34.6 38.3Calabria 12.1 11.3 15.7 13.9 34.5 31.8

Isole 13.3 13.7 16.8 16.4 38.7 40.1Sicilia 13.8 13.9 17.3 16.6 39.3 38.5

Sardegna 12.2 13.3 15.9 16.0 36.8 44.7CYPRUS 3.7 5.3 4.2 5.5 9.0 13.8LATVIA 7.5 17.1 6.9 13.9 13.1 33.6LITHUANIA 5.8 13.7 5.6 10.4 13.4 29.2LUXEMBOURG (GRAND-DUCHY) 5.1 5.1 6.0 6.1 17.9 17.2HUNGARY 7.8 10.0 8.1 9.7 19.9 26.5Kzp Magyarorszg 4.6 6.6 5.3 6.1 11.6 19.0 Dunntl 6.8 9.6 7.0 9.8 17.0 25.2

Kzp Dunntl 5.8 9.3 6.0 9.7 15.6 22.6Nyugat Dunntl 4.9 8.6 6.2 8.9 10.4 23.2Dl Dunntl 10.3 11.0 9.4 10.9 25.9 30.9

Alfld es szak 11.3 13.3 11.2 12.9 26.8 32.0 szak Magyaroszg 13.4 15.2 12.5 14.0 29.7 35.0szak Alfld 12.0 14.2 12.3 14.0 28.3 32.7Dl Alfld 8.8 10.6 9.0 10.8 22.0 27.9

MALTA 6.0 7.0 6.8 7.6 12.2 14.4NETHERLANDS 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.5 5.3 6.6Noord-Nederland 3.4 4.2 3.8 4.3 6.7 8.0

Groningen 4.0 4.8 4.5 5.4 7.3 9.2Friesland 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.7 5.7 7.3Drenthe 3.6 4.2 4.0 3.6 7.1 7.1

Oost-Nederland 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.3 5.1 5.8 Overijssel 2.6 3.6 3.1 3.6 4.3 5.6Gelderland 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 5.1 5.4Flevoland 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.5 6.7 8.3

West-Nederland 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.3 5.2 6.6 Utrecht 2.1 2.9 2.2 2.9 4.3 5.7Noord-Holland 2.6 3.2 2.6 3.4 4.7 6.1Zuid-Holland 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.6 6.0 7.5Zeeland 2.8 2.1 2.3 2.4 3.6 4.0

Zuid-Nederland 2.7 3.6 3.0 3.5 5.0 6.9Noord-Brabant 2.3 3.2 2.9 3.3 4.3 6.3

Limburg (NL) 3.4 4.4 3.4 4.0 6.6 8.4


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2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009EU27 7.0 8.9 7.5 8.9 15.6 19.9AUSTRIA 3.8 4.8 4.1 4.6 8.0 10.0Oststerreich 5.0 5.9 5.1 5.2 10.9 12.6

Burgenland 3.6 4.6 3.5 4.8 8.3 8.8Niedersterreich 3.4 4.3 4.0 4.0 8.4 11.2Wien 6.7 7.5 6.5 6.4 14.0 14.6

Sdsterreich 3.4 4.5 3.6 4.2 6.9 9.8 Krnten 3.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 7.0 9.4

Steiermark 3.4 4.6 3.3 4.3 6.8 10.0Weststerreich 2.7 3.7 3.3 4.0 5.9 7.6 Obersterreich 2.6 4.0 3.3 4.5 5.3 7.5Salzburg 2.5 3.2 2.9 3.6 6.5 7.5Tirol 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 5.8 6.4Vorarlberg 3.9 4.9 4.6 5.0 7.5 10.5

POLAND 7.1 8.2 8.0 8.7 17.3 20.6Region Centralny 6.2 6.5 6.8 6.8 15.5 16.2

dzkie 6.7 7.6 7.5 8.1 16.8 19.1Mazowieckie 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.2 14.9 14.9

Region Po udniowy 6.4 7.2 7.4 8.0 18.0 20.9Maopolskie 6.2 7.9 7.2 8.3 19.0 24.2

l skie 6.6 6.7 7.5 7.8 17.2 18.3Region Wschodni 8.2 9.6 8.5 9.6 21.1 26.4

Lubelskie 8.8 9.7 8.8 9.2 24.5 26.9Podkarpackie 8.2 10.1 9.0 11.0 21.6 33.1

witokrzyskie 8.8 10.8 8.8 10.0 20.2 23.9Podlaskie 6.4 7.1 6.6 7.1 15.3 17.4Region P nocno-Zachodni 7.0 8.6 8.4 9.8 15.0 20.1

Wielkopolskie 6.1 7.5 8.0 9.5 12.7 17.8Zachodniopomorskie 9.5 10.4 10.2 10.8 21.9 24.5Lubuskie 6.5 9.6 7.3 9.3 15.7 23.5

Region Po udniowo-Zachodni 8.5 10.0 9.6 10.4 19.1 22.6 Dolnol skie 9.1 10.1 10.3 10.3 19.9 23.3Opolskie 6.5 9.9 7.3 10.7 16.6 20.3

Region P nocny 7.3 8.5 8.6 9.1 15.3 19.1Kujawsko-Pomorskie 9.1 10.4 10.2 10.6 19.0 21.5Warmisko-Mazurskie 7.4 8.5 9.0 10.0 16.0 18.8Pomorskie 5.5 6.4 6.7 6.8 11.3 16.2

PORTUGAL 7.6 9.5 8.8 10.2 16.4 20.0Continente 7.7 9.6 8.9 10.3 16.6 20.2

Norte 8.7 11.0 10.1 12.4 16.2 21.9

Algarve 7.0 10.3 9.0 11.5 19.3 24.6Centro (PT) 5.4 6.9 7.1 7.2 12.1 16.0Lisboa 8.2 9.8 8.4 9.9 20.9 19.2Alentejo 9.0 10.5 11.7 11.9 19.6 23.6

Aores 5.5 6.7 8.3 8.0 12.8 15.9Madeira 6.0 7.6 6.3 6.1 15.1 19.7

ROMANIA 5.8 6.9 4.7 5.8 18.6 20.8Macroregiunea unu 6.1 8.1 4.8 6.9 18.3 23.8

Nord-Vest 3.8 5.6 2.8 5.1 13.5 16.8Centru 8.5 10.7 7.0 8.8 22.6 30.2

Macroregiunea doi 5.6 6.6 4.5 5.6 17.2 18.4Nord-Est 4.5 6.0 3.5 5.0 14.0 16.2Sud-Est 7.2 7.5 6.1 6.7 21.7 21.8

Macroregiunea trei 5.4 6.4 4.9 6.1 18.8 21.5 Sud-Muntenia 6.8 8.0 6.5 8.0 19.4 23.6Bucureti-Ilfov 3.4 4.0 2.5 3.6 17.4 16.9

Macroregiunea patru 6.1 6.5 4.6 4.6 21.1 20.1Sud-Vest Oltenia 6.5 6.8 4.6 4.7 21.7 20.3Vest 5.7 6.0 4.5 4.5 20.4 19.7

SLOVENIA 4.4 5.9 4.8 5.8 10.4 13.6Vzhodna Slovenija 5.2 6.8 6.2 7.4 12.2 15.5Zahodna Slovenija 3.4 4.8 3.3 4.0 8.5 11.6

SLOVAKIA 9.5 12.0 10.9 12.8 19.0 27.3Bratislavsk kraj 3.4 4.6 3.4 3.8 6.5 9.7Zpadn Slovensko 6.4 9.9 8.5 11.5 12.0 22.6Stredn Slovensko 13.1 14.6 14.1 15.4 25.3 32.5Vchodn Slovensko 13.2 15.9 15.3 17.0 26.9 34.4

FINLAND 6.4 8.2 6.7 7.6 16.5 21.5Manner-Suomi 6.4 8.3 6.7 7.6 16.5 21.5

It-Suomi 9.0 10.9 9.1 9.7 21.6 27.2Etel-Suomi 5.3 7.0 5.6 6.4 14.8 20.0Lnsi-Suomi 6.5 9.0 7.2 8.4 16.1 21.7

Pohjois-Suomi 8.5 10.1 8.8 9.7 19.4 22.9land 2.2 5.4 2.8 4.8 10.6 19.4


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21/21

Unemployment rates in the regions of the EFTA and Candidate countriesTotal Females 15-24 years old

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009EU27 7.0 8.9 7.5 8.9 15.6 19.9ICELAND 2.9 7.2 2.6 5.7 8.2 15.9LIECHTENSTEIN : : : : : :NORWAY 2.5 3.1 2.4 2.6 7.5 9.2

Oslo og Akershus 2.9 3.6 2.6 3.0 7.7 10.8Hedmark og Oppland 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.1 9.3 8.4Sr-stlandet 2.7 3.4 2.5 2.5 9.0 10.4Agder og Rogaland 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.7 4.1 4.7Vestlandet 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.3 6.4 7.7Trndelag 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.4 10.3 10.4Nord-Norge 2.9 3.7 2.1 3.4 7.9 12.6

SWITZERLAND 3.3 4.1 4.0 4.5 7.0 8.2Rgion lmanique 4.6 5.9 4.9 5.9 11.1 13.5Espace Mittelland 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 7.0 8.0Nordwestschweiz 3.1 4.5 4.0 5.0 7.4 8.5Zrich 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.9 6.2 7.0Ostschweiz 2.7 3.3 3.6 3.9 5.1 4.4Zentralschweiz 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.5 2.7 5.7Ticino 5.0 5.0 5.8 5.2 11.2 13.5

CROATIA 8.4 9.1 10.0 10.3 21.9 25.0Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska 4.9 5.4 4.8 5.3 14.0 15.4Sredinja i Istona (Panonska) Hrvatska 12.9 13.7 16.7 16.7 31.4 35.4Jadranska Hrvatska 8.7 9.6 11.1 11.3 21.2 25.1

FORMER YUGOSLAV REP. OF MACEDONIA : : : : : :TURKEY 9.7 12.6 10.0 12.6 18.5 22.8 stanbul 10.0 15.9 11.9 18.9 16.3 25.4Bati Marmara 8.0 9.4 10.3 11.9 17.6 20.9

Tekirda 9.8 11.6 12.9 15.5 20.0 25.6Bal kesir 6.2 7.1 7.4 8.2 15.0 15.0

Ege 9.4 12.9 10.9 14.6 17.9 24.9 zmir 10.9 15.4 13.2 16.9 21.0 30.4

Ayd n 9.6 12.8 11.1 16.3 17.7 22.6Manisa 7.0 9.6 6.6 8.5 13.8 19.7

Do u Marmara 9.7 12.7 12.2 15.0 19.6 23.3Bursa 9.7 12.6 12.2 15.0 18.6 22.5Kocaeli 9.7 12.8 12.1 15.1 20.9 24.3

Bati Anadolu 10.2 11.1 13.9 12.7 21.3 21.6 Ankara 10.8 12.2 14.9 14.6 22.9 26.2Konya 9.1 8.8 11.9 9.5 19.1 15.4

Akdeniz 12.3 15.4 13.3 16.3 20.9 25.9Antalya 8.5 10.1 9.9 11.6 16.1 19.6Adana 14.4 19.9 17.7 23.2 24.7 31.6Hatay 14.1 14.8 12.5 11.4 20.8 22.5

Orta Anadolu 9.3 12.5 8.6 10.2 22.2 24.8 K r kkale 8.1 14.2 5.6 8.7 22.0 27.9Kayseri 10.1 11.2 10.6 11.3 22.3 22.5

Bati Karadeniz 6.0 6.5 4.5 5.6 13.4 13.3Zonguldak 5.9 6.7 3.6 5.0 16.3 19.4Kastamonu 4.9 8.4 4.5 9.4 10.3 17.0Samsun 6.3 6.0 4.9 4.9 13.3 10.4

Do u Karadeniz 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.3 13.2 12.8 Kuzeydo u Anadolu 5.0 6.9 1.6 2.3 10.2 13.8

Erzurum 5.2 6.3 2.5 2.6 10.8 13.1Ar 4.8 7.5 0.7 2.0 9.6 14.3

Ortado u Anadolu 12.5 14.7 10.8 9.5 24.0 26.8 Malatya 12.3 14.8 13.2 11.4 26.7 30.7

Van 12.6 14.6 6.9 6.4 21.5 23.4Gneydo u Anadolu 14.4 15.1 5.1 8.0 21.1 21.6 Gaziantep 15.0 14.3 5.2 7.9 22.0 20.4

anl urfa 12.8 16.7 3.4 7.6 17.3 22.0Mardin 15.8 13.8 10.5 9.6 26.0 23.3