316 Adelaide Drive Landmark Assessment - Santa Monica · The single-family residence is situated on the Adelaide Drive, between 7th Street to the east, Ocean Avenue to the west, Adelaide

316 Adelaide Drive Santa Monica, California City Landmark Assessment and Evaluation Report

Evaluation Report Parcel Map Sanborn Maps Photographs

Prepared for: City of Santa Monica Planning Division Prepared by: PCR Services Corporation Santa Monica, California June 1, 2011

316 Adelaide Drive City Landmark Assessment and Evaluation Report

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316 Adelaide Drive Santa Monica, California City Landmark Assessment and Evaluation Report

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

The subject property located at 316 Adelaide Drive was constructed circa 1919 in the Spanish Colonial Revival architectural style. The single-family residence is situated on the Adelaide Drive, between 7th Street to the east, Ocean Avenue to the west, Adelaide Drive to the north, and Ocean Avenue to the south. The Pacific Ocean is approximately one-quarter mile to the west. The two-story house is located in the Palisades Tract, Block M, Lots 8 and 9 and covers an area of approximately 100 feet by 237 feet. The subject residence has a U-shaped footprint and occupies lots 9 and one half of lot 8. There is a pool, guest house, and garage situated on the southeast portion of the lots.

REGULATORY SETTING

The subject property has been identified and assessed under the City of Santa Monica’s ongoing survey process. The property was first surveyed in March 1983 as a property that appears eligible for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places.1 At that time, it was given a National Register of Historic Places (National Register) status code rating of 3 (later changed to 3S in the Historic Resources Inventory Update – Earthquake Assessment, 1995). The Earthquake Assessment report noted “repairs have been made and the building has been repainted. Some of the barrel clay tile roof has been carefully replaced. Terra cotta detailing on the upper floor balcony wall has been repaired or replicated to match the original appearance.”2 The City’s Historic Resources Inventory also identified the property as a contributor to a potential City of Santa Monica historic district called the “Adelaide Drive/Adelaide Place Grouping.”3 In 2002, the “Historic Resources Inventory Update: North of Montana Survey Area” validated the findings of the previous surveys and was assigned a 3S/5D status code. The Santa Monica Citywide Historic resources Inventory Update Final Report assigned the property a 3S status code, “appears eligible for the National Register as an individual property through survey evaluation” and a 5B status code, “locally significant both individually (listed, eligible, or appears eligible) and as a contributor to a district that is locally listed, designated, determined eligible or appears eligible through survey evaluation.”

ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION AND INTEGRITY

The subject property is an altered example of what was originally a one-story U-shaped "Churrigueresque -style" Spanish Colonial Revival residence constructed with brick walls

1 Evelyn Hitchcock and L. Heumann, 316 Adelaide Drive, State of California Historic Resources Inventory,

March 1983. 2 Historic Resources Inventory Update – Earthquake Assessment, 1995, p. 25. 3 Johnson Heumann, Adelaide Drive and Adelaide Place Grouping, State of California Historic Resources

Inventory 1983, revised 1986.


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finished in stucco. The existing residence maintains the U-shape, however, the southwest wing was demolished and a new two-story wing was constructed. The primary street fronting section of the residence retains much of its integrity, both on the exterior and interior. The wall surfaces of the subject property are stucco with a light pink paint finish. Originally, the stucco surface was integrally colored with no paint surface. Each window on the primary façade has three casement windows divided by decorative wood mullions. On the interior, pocket screens pull down over the window openings. Decorative cast-iron awnings (alteration) above each window are surface-mounted to the stucco walls. The entranceway is topped by a large ornate cast stone Churrigueresque door surround slightly raised from the stucco exterior walls. The decorative theme of the surround includes egg-and-dart, floral patterns, and faux-scored cast stone. The recessed door is made of wood with a large glazed panel covered by painted cast-iron decorative square bars. The door sits over a low step and is topped with a fanlight. The side-gabled roof is topped with red-clay barrel tiles. The interior formal rooms and entrance foyer retain their integrity intact. However, the rear elevation is altered where original openings and a bay window were removed and new double doors and bay window were added.

The northeast wing retains its original footprint and flat roof, and most of its original windows on the northeast façade; however, much of the interior and some of the openings have been altered. Windows on the northeast façade are recessed and topped with a thick wood lintel. Decorative cast bar security grills are surface mounted over each window opening. A recessed secondary entranceway sits above two low brick stairs and is topped with a decorative cast iron bar awning. The door is wood with recessed panels and a large glazed panel. The windows towards the rear of the northeast wing visually are modeled on the front façade windows which are divided by a decorative turned wood mullion. These windows appear non-original although the openings might have been part of the original design. Also, the doorway at the rear (south end) of the northeast wing appears non-original.

As mentioned above, the entire southwest wing was demolished. Furthermore, the garage was altered and historically incompatible additions were added to garage. The courtyard was completely bricked over and all historic fabric including the fountain and landscape were removed.

The front lawn and original steps from the sidewalk onto the front lawn are intact and contributing, although the front walk has been altered; historic photos show a straight front walk where today the walk is curved. Historic photos show the existing driveway, garden wall and double-door gate for the driveway which are intact, although an additional gate opening has been added to allow for pedestrian access. The rectangular fish pond located just north of the garage in the rear garden existed prior to the 1980 alterations.4 Physical examination of the fish pond and surrounding mature plantings determined the pond is substantial in age. Likewise, the pair of palms at the south edge of the brick patio are quite tall with thick trunks and appear substantial in age. The remaining landscaping on the property appears to have been planted within the last 30 years and is non-contributing.

4 Permit 53922, 12-30-80


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The exterior of the primary façade as well as the lot’s street frontage (front lawn and steps, garden wall, driveway and gate) provides the residence’s public identity and has high integrity. The primary facade exhibits no significant alterations, other than the glazed wrought-iron awnings and the paint coat. The building’s footprint, which is historically significant, is largely extant and the courtyard as well as the street frontage retains its spatial integrity. Parts of the northeast wing retain historic fabric, while it appears several of the openings were altered. Therefore it appears, that the primary street-fronting section, front public landscape (except for the front side walk), parts of the northeast wing, the footprint, and the courtyard space retain integrity and are historically significant. The two-story southwest wing and front garden wall/patio, brick landscaping in the courtyard, landscape plantings (except for two mature palms), the entire rear garage/guesthouse complex (except for the old fish pond), and parts of the northeast wing do not contribute to the historic significance of the property.

BUILDING PERMITS

Date Permit# Owner Architect Contractor Cost Notes

3/14/1923 1204 E.W. Halliday C.L. Freeman 1,000 1‐rm, 1‐bath Servants room addition to garage

8/18/1980 Z.A. Case #4297‐A

Charles Weber 8' concrete block wall along back property line

5/20/1980 53028 Charles Weber Iden Zaima Lang Construction 90,000 2‐story addition to existing house (1,300 sq ft) and garage addition (600 sq ft)

9/5/1980 53478 Charles Weber Iden Zaima Lang Construction 4,800 8' concrete block wall along back property line

12/30/1980 53992 Charles Weber Harold Cass Westwood Pool Co. 12,000 684 sq ft Swimming pool with spa

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Santa Monica. In 1875, the original townsite of Santa Monica was surveyed, including all the land extending from Colorado Street on the south to Montana on the north, and from 26th Street on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. Between 1893 and the 1920s, the community operated as a tourist attraction, visited by mostly wealthy patrons. Those areas just outside of the incorporated city limits were semi-rural in setting and were populated with scattered residences. After the advent of the automobile in the 1920s, Santa Monica experienced a significant building boom, with homes being constructed in the tracts north of Montana and east of Seventh Street for year-round residents.

Palisades Tract. The Palisades Tract neighborhood offers a remarkably intact ensemble of domestic architecture, primarily dating from the years 1906 to 1930. One of the oldest residential areas of the City of Santa Monica, the Palisades Tract was originally subdivided in 1905. The original tract included the area between Ocean Avenue and Seventh Street along six major east-west streets (Palisades Avenue, Alta Avenue, Marguerita Avenue, Georgina Avenue, San Vicente Boulevard, and Adelaide Drive). The Palisades Tract was


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extended to the east in 1912, to include portions of Seventh through Fourteenth Streets including Adelaide Place.5

Shortly after the tract was opened, the area in which it was located, stretching from Montana to Adelaide, was annexed to the City of Santa Monica. From that date, March 28, 1906, building records were kept by the city officials, and the first application to build was issued to the Alta Santa Monica Company for what is now 401 Marguerita. However, this was not the first building in the area, according to witness Luther Ingersoll in his Century History of Santa Monica Bay Cities, who assigned the honor of building the “first costly and architectural” residence in the Palisades to H.N. Hammond.6

Several prominent members of the community, as well as residents of Los Angeles and Pasadena in search of a seaside summer home, commissioned residences in the Palisades Tract. During the first fifteen years of development homes were in the Craftsman mode. The more intense period of construction in the twenties yielded numerous fine period revival-style homes, most of which were intended for year-round occupation. The work of several renowned architects is showcased, as well as the efforts of several Santa Monica building contractors who had a profound impact on the growth of the City.7

Among the architects represented in the area are John Byers (240 and 624 Alta, 300 and 404 Georgina, 547 7th), Robert Farquhar (247 Georgina [att.], 401 Ocean), Marsh and Russell (216 Georgina), Webber, Staunton and Spaulding (317 Georgina), Frederick Roehrig (325 Georgina), Hunt and Burns (525 Georgina), John and Donald Parkinson (701 Ocean), Greene and Greene (226 Palisades), and Robert Stacy-Judd (710 Adelaide Place). Several prolific builders, many of whom produced designs from their own offices and others of whom worked with architects, were involved in the development of the Palisades Tract.

Adelaide Drive/Adelaide Place. Hugging the rim of Santa Monica, Adelaide Drive is one of the most spectacular locations in Santa Monica. It forms the northern boundary for the City and for the Palisades Tract. Although somewhat isolated from the rest of the city by San Vicente Boulevard, formerly the site of an interurban railroad line, Adelaide today is a quiet meandering street hidden behind the tall apartments on Ocean Avenue. The street is intersected twice, at Fourth Street and at Seventh Street, beyond which it is known as Adelaide Place. A landscaped island runs down the center of Adelaide Place, which is lined by houses on either side of a cul-de-sac. Adelaide Drive, on the other hand, is built-up on the south side only, with one exception, while the north side falls steeply into the canyon.8

Since the opening of the Palisades Tract in 1905, and annexation to the City in 1906, Adelaide has attracted numerous prominent southern Californians who hired some of the best architects available to create summer and, later, year-round homes for them. The first flurry of building lasted about five years and was concentrated on the western block of Adelaide. One of the first houses constructed on Adelaide was the R.C. Gillis House (circa 1906-1909), 5 Santa Monica Historical Resources Inventory (1985-1986): Final Report, p. 24. 6 Ibid, p. 24. 7 Ibid, p. 24. 8 Ibid, p. 20.


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406 Adelaide, designed by Myron Hunt and Elmer Grey. Gillis was one of the most prominent land developers in Santa Monica and the street is named after his daughter Adelaide.9 Other houses constructed during this period were the second Roy Jones House, 130 Adelaide (1907); Henry Weaver House, 142 Adelaide (1910); Rev. Bishop T. Conaty House, 144 Adelaide (1907); Isaac Milbank House, 236 Adelaide (1911); and H.M. Gorham House, 336 Adelaide (1906).

A second spurt of building activity began on Adelaide in 1919, with the construction of a house for H.M. Gorham’s mother-in-law, Mrs. E. W. Holliday (316 Adelaide Drive). Gorham was instrumental in the organization of the Bank of Santa Monica and was associated with three houses along Adelaide. The third house associated with the Gorham’s was designed by John Byers at 326 Adelaide and is no longer a contributor to the district. The remainder of Adelaide was built primarily in the 1920s and 1930s in the revival styles popular at the time. Its architecture and the owners, the builders and the architects responsible link Adelaide to the development pattern that characterized all the area north of Montana Avenue during those decades. Homes built or remodeled since 1945 are relatively few in number and unobtrusive in appearance. With its strong sense of identity, both physical and historical, Adelaide Drive and Adelaide Place appears to be a potential City of Santa Monica historic district.10 A summary of the architectural resources along Adelaide Drive and Adelaide Place is presented in the table below.

ADELAIDE DRIVE AND ADELAIDE PLACE POTENTIAL HISTORIC DISTRICT 11

Address Photograph Constructed Notes

130 Adelaide 1907 Second Roy Jones House, City of Santa Monica Landmark #34, Designated 08/11/1997, Original Owner Roy Jones, Builder H.X. Goetz, Architect Attributed to Robert Farquhar

142 Adelaide 1910 Henry Weaver House, National Register Landmark, City of Santa Monica Landmark #20, Designated 05/11/1989, Original Owner Henry Weaver, Architect/Builder Milwaukee Building Company

9 State Historic Resources Inventory Forms, Adelaide Drive and Adelaide Place Historic Grouping; HGA,

Johnson and Heumann, 1983, revised 1986; HRG, Updated 2002. 10 Historic Resources Inventory Update: North of Montana Survey Area (2002). 11 Santa Monica Historical Resources Inventory, Inventoried Sites in Area 1, 1985-1986 Final Report


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144 Adelaide 1907 Original Owner Rev. Bishop T. Conaty, Builder Conner & McGann

208 Adelaide 1941 Original Owner Frank R. Strong, Builder Ben Harwood, Architect Peter Whitehill

222 Adelaide 1933 Original Owner C. A. Collins, Builder Geo. W. Holstein, Architect John R. Kibbey

236 Adelaide 1911 Isaac Milbank House, City of Santa Monica Landmark #30, Designated 3/11/2002, Original Owner Isaac Millbank, Architect/Builder Meyer & Holler/ Milwaukee Building Co.

316 Adelaide 1919 Original Owner Mrs. E.W. Halliday, Architect Pierpont and Walter Davis


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336 Adelaide 1906 Original Owner H.M. Gorham, Architect Robert Farquhar

406 Adelaide c.1906‐1909

Gillis House, City of Santa Monica Landmark #26, Designated 3/8/1993, Original Owner R.C. Gillis, Architect/Builder Myron Hunt and Elmer Grey

436 Adelaide 1926 Original Owner F.M. Dunig, Architect Meyer Radon

506 Adelaide 1923 Structure of Merit #1, Designated 6/20/1994, Original Owner Frank L. Clark, Architect/Builder John Byers

518 Adelaide 1925 Original Owner Lucern Corp., Architect Ruoff & Munson


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526 Adelaide 1926 Original Owner Willard & Anna Morse, Builder C. L. Freeman

540 Adelaide 1941/1948

710 Adelaide 1923 Worrell “Zuni House,” City of Santa Monica Landmark #80, Designated 3/10/2003, Original Owner Worrell, Architect/ Builder Robert Stacey‐Judd

714 Adelaide 1923 Original Owner F.W. Armitage, Builder Frank Roden

718 Adelaide 1923 Original Owner J.R. Teague, Builder Dick & Taylor


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722 Adelaide 1926 Original Owner J.R. Teague, Builder R. Highet

725 Adelaide 1926 Original Owner N.S. Gandy, Architect Frank Bivens

726 Adelaide 1927 Original Owner E.W. Clark, Architect Van den Hoven

808 Adelaide 1906/1919

639 Adelaide (not included in potential historic district)

1923


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SPANISH COLONIAL REVIVAL

The subject property is an example of the Spanish Colonial Revival style, specifically its Churrigueresque variant, as interpreted for residential architecture of the early twentieth century period in Santa Monica. The beginnings of this style date to 1915, when it was introduced at the Panama-California Exposition in San Diego. The period revival styles grew in popularity just after World War I, and were patterned after buildings of earlier historic periods. The most common style in the Southwest was the Spanish Colonial Revival. Inspired by the Panama-California Exposition, many architects found Southern California the ideal setting for this architectural style. Numerous publications argued in favor of this period revival style for the “Mediterranean environment” of California, including W. Sexton's Spanish Influence on American Architecture and Decoration (1926) and Rexford Newcomb's The Spanish House for America Its Design, Furnishing, and Garden (1927).

Architect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue’s comprehensive set of Spanish Colonial Revival structures for the Panama-California Exposition catalyzed a region-wide building trend that’s Spanish and Moorish influences incorporated and even supplanted the previously popular Mission Revival style. The many Spanish Colonial Revival and Mediterranean Revival commercial, civic and residential structures became key components in the forging of regional identity and quest for legitimacy, since the Mediterranean period styles helped perpetuate powerful myths about California’s origins and ties to New Spain. Decorative elements that were appropriated from indigenous American cultures (Native American, Mayan, Aztec) were also sometimes incorporated into these eclectic designs to infuse exoticism, along with a certain brand of perceived cultural authenticity.

The Spanish Colonial Revival style and its variants were widely used throughout southern California for both commercial and residential properties. The unique features of the Spanish Colonial Revival style are ornate low-relief carvings highlighting arches, columns, window surrounds, cornices, and parapets. Other features that characterize the style include stuccoed exterior walls; low-pitched, multi-level tile roofs; arched shaped window and door openings; iron railings and window grilles. The facades of large buildings are often enriched with curvilinear and decorated parapets, and a symbolic bell tower. Distinctive, more elaborate signatory elements, such as low-relief carvings, balconies, decorative vents, chimney tops, and/or towers are characteristics of the Churrigueresque style.

316 ADELAIDE DRIVE

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY

According to the assessor records, the house was erected in 1919. An original building permit is not on file at City of Santa Monica Department of Building and Safety. The subject property was designed by architects Walter S. and F. Pierpont Davis in conjunction with Henry Withey and constructed by the Garden City Company for Eliza W. Halliday.12 On July

12 No Author,“Unique Courtyard Apartments and Beach Residence,” Los Angeles Times,

November 23, 1919, p. V2.


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3, 1919 the Santa Monica Evening Outlook announced “a fine home was to be built on Adelaide” for E. Halliday at an estimated cost of $22,000.13 After the construction was completed, the Southern California Institute of Architects awarded the residence the honor of being one of the most notable examples of architecture within a 20 mile radius of Southern California Los Angeles.14

316 Adelaide Drive was constructed as a grouping of three Spanish Colonial houses associated with the Gorham family: 336 Adelaide Drive, constructed 1906; 316 Adelaide drive, constructed 1919; and 326 Adelaide Drive, constructed 1923 (no longer extant).

WALTER S. AND F. PIERPONT DAVIS

Walter Swindell Davis and Francis Pierpont Davis were sons of Henry Davis, a prominent Baltimore architect.15 F. Pierpont (1884-1953) apprenticed with his father and later moved to Los Angeles to pursue architecture. Walter S. Pierpont (1887-1973) graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a degree in architecture in 1911. After receiving an MIT traveling scholarship (1911-1912), he traveled widely in Europe, specifically Spain, Italy, and France. In 1912, he moved to Los Angeles to establish a firm with his brother. Henry Withey worked with the brothers from 1912 to 1921. The Davis brothers dissolved their partnership in 1930.

The first project Walter S. and F. Pierpont completed was a book of plans entitled California Garden City Homes published in 1915. The book was a compellation of plans, design concepts, and musings for English Revival, Craftsman bungalows, and Mediterranean architecture. Specifically, the brothers explored the concept of the patio in association with Spanish culture and architecture and the California lifestyle with courtyard buildings set within a garden. These concepts were the foundation of their architectural theory.

Among their most influential projects featured in David Gebhard and Robert Winter’s An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles were: Eltinge House (1921);St John’s Episcopal Church (1922-23); La Venta Inn (1923); Roman Gardens (1926); Churchill House (1928, 1982); Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center (1928-1933 and later); Villa d’Este (1928); Garden Apartments (1937); and El Greco Apartment Building (1941). Pierpont Davis, head of the Garden City building company, designed three residences in Santa Monica, the subject property; the E.E. Eaton residence, 306 Georgina (demolished); and the Emory H. Rogers residence, 507 Georgina (demolished).16

13 No Author, “Fine Home to be Built on Adelaide,” Santa Monica Evening Outlook, July 3, 1919, p. 1. 14 No author, “Santa Monica Buildings are Architectural Masterpieces,” Santa Monica Evening Outlook, April

16, 1920, p. 1. 15 Stephanos Polyzoides, Roger Sherwood, and James Tice. Courtyard housing in Los Angeles: a typological

analysis. Los Angeles: University of California, 1982, pp. 100-103. 16 No author, “Santa Monica Buildings are Architectural Masterpieces,” Santa Monica Evening Outlook, April

16, 1920, p. 1.3 ,


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OCCUPANCY HISTORY

The Santa Monica City Directories, United States Census Records, Los Angeles Times, and Santa Monica Evening Outlook were reviewed to determine if the property has an association with the productive life of a historically significant person. City directories and newspaper articles indicates Mrs. Eliza W. Halliday (1843-1930) resided at 316 Adelaide Drive between 1921 and 1930.17 Eliza Halliday’s daughter, Mrs. Charlotte Wing, was listed in the directories between 1930 and 1938. In 1938, Charlotte Wing moved Santa Barbara to live with her two sisters, Mary H Halliday and Adelia H. Tiernan.18 The subject property was listed as vacant in 1940. City directories are not available from 1940 and 1946. The 1947-1948 directory lists Saoul Laurie and his wife Sima as residents.

Year Occupant

1919‐1920 Not listed

1921‐22 Halliday Eliza W Mrs widow

1923‐24 Halliday Eliza W

1925 Halliday Eliza W



1930‐31 Wing Charlotte Mrs.

1933 Goham H M Wing Charlotte Mrs

1936 Wing Charlotte Mrs

1938 Wing Charlotte Mrs

1940 Vacant

1947‐48 Lourie Saoul (Sima)


1954 Lourie Saoul (Sima)



EVALUATION OF SIGNIFICANCE

PERSON(S) OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE

ELIZA W. HALLIDAY

The original owner of the subject property, Eliza W. Halliday, was “regarded as the most colorful personality in the bay district.”19 Born in Indiana, Eliza W. Halliday was married to

17 No Author, “Last Rites for Pioneer Conducted: Mrs. Eliza W. Halliday Bay Area Octogenarian Active in

Last Years,” Los Angeles Times, February 13, 1930, p. A18. 18 No Author, “Three Sisters Reunited,” Los Angeles Times, October 23, 1938, p. D7. Mary Halliday was a

portrait painter who lived in Germany during the early twentieth century and studied painting at Whistler’s studio in Paris. (No Author, “Artist Safe in German Capital,” Santa Monica Evening Outlook, July 19, 1917, p. 1.)

19 No Author, “Last Rites for Pioneer Conducted: Mrs. Eliza W. Halliday Bay Area Octogenarian Active in


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Captain William Parker Halliday, a Civil War millionaire.20 Census records from 1880 indicate the couple lived in a French Second Empire mansion (Riverlore) located in Cairo, Illinois with their five children.21 After Eliza Halliday’s husband died in 1899, she moved to Chicago, Illinois to live with her daughter Charlotte Wing and son-in-law Dr. Elbert Wing.22

In 1902 Eliza Halliday relocated to Los Angeles with her daughter and son-in-law. They constructed a twelve-room Dutch Colonial residence at 2146 West Adams Street.23 The 1910 United States Census lists Eliza Halliday (age 67) living with a servant and chauffer at 2146 West Adams Street. During the summer of 1914, Eliza Halliday and her daughter and son-in-law rented a house at 4th Street and Georgina in Santa Monica.24 Ten years later, the United States Census also lists Eliza Holliday (age 77) living at 2146 West Adams Street with her two daughters, Charlotte Wing (age 55) and Leary H. (age 52), and one servant.25 While Eliza Halliday was living in Los Angeles she was constructing her Spanish Colonial Revival house on Adelaide Drive.

Eliza Halliday lived at the subject property from 1920 until her death in 1930. Throughout her lifetime she traveled widely in Europe and the United States. She was an active member of Santa Monica society and civic affairs. Eliza Halliday was associated with the influential Gorham family, her daughter married into the family, and as a result her home was located in the exclusive Palisades Tract neighborhood on Adelaide Drive. The Gorham family was associated with three Spanish Colonial revival houses located on Adelaide Drive: 336 Adelaide Drive, constructed 1906; 316 Adelaide drive, constructed 1919; and 326 Adelaide Drive, constructed 1923 (no longer extant). She also owned homes in prominent areas of Los Angeles and Cairo, Illnois, that are now recognized as city and national landmarks.

While current research revealed some information about the life of Eliza Halliday that connected her to significant events in local, state, or federal history, additional research is

Last Years,” Los Angeles Times, February 13, 1930, p. A18.

20 Captain William Parker began his career as a newspaper printer and part owner of the Ohio River steamboat. During the Civil War, he formed the Halliday Brothers, a firm that owned controlling interest in the City National Bank, Cairo City Gas Company, and the Cairo Electric Light and Power Company. He held extensive real estate holdings all over the United States. One of his holdings was the Halliday Hotel located in Cairo. After the Halliday Hotel burned down in 1943, a statue, “The Hewer,” was erected in the park named after Halliday. From Howard F. Rissler, “Rendleman House: Museum of the Mississippi,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 50.3 (Autumn, 1957), pp. 297, 299.

21 Riverlore (2723 Washington Avenue, Cairo, Illinois) is listed on the National Register, http://www.pilotlight2000.com/historic/riverl.htm, accessed May 31, 2011.

22 Eliza W. Halliday is listed in the 1900 Census Records as living with Elbert Wing and Charlotte H. Wing at 4822 Lake Avenue. Dr. Elbert Wing was a physician (1852-1916) born in Chicago where he practiced medicine. He married Eliza W. Halliday’s daughter Charlotte. He moved to Los Angeles in 1901 where he continued to practice medicine until his death in 1916. No Author, “Physician Taken to the Great Beyond,” Los Angeles Times, May 9, 1916, p. II 1.

23 No Author, “Doings of Builders and Architects,” Los Angeles Times, August 16, 1980, p. B1; No Author, “Fine Improvement Planned,” Los Angeles Times, April 12, 1903, p. A1.

24 “No Title,” The Santa Monica Evening Outlook, July 9, 1914, p5. 25 2146 Adams Street (Wells - Halliday Mansion) was declared a Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument

#458 on 11/3/1989, http://cityplanning.lacity.org/complan/HCM/dsp_hcm_result.cfm?community =South%20Los%20Angeles, accessed May 31, 2011.


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necessary tie important events associated with Eliza Halliday’s life to the subject property. While Eliza Halliday appears to have been active in the community in both Los Angeles and Santa Monica, at a time when that was rare for single women, it is unclear how significant her activities may have been. Furthermore, it does not appear that the residence at 316 Adelaide Drive was a sight or setting of her community involvement nor does is somehow convey her potential significance architecturally.

In addition, a review of city directories to identify occupants of the subject property did not locate any persons of significant historical importance.

STATEMENT OF OTHER SIGNIFICANCE

No evidence was discovered in current research of the property that indicates other significance.

Is the structure representative of a style in the City that is no longer prevalent?

The subject property is an excellent example of a Spanish Colonial Revival style residence with a high level of craft and architectural detailing. Many architects found Southern California the ideal setting for this architectural style that idealized and romanticized the Spanish and Mexican colonial period in California. The subject property with its expansive views, courtyard, and integrity of materials is a successful use of the style. Architecturally, the subtle detailing and emphasis on the materials and plan, set against the canyon and ocean, allows the subject property to communicate the idea of the mythic colonial California past. The property is therefore representative of a style that is no longer prevalent in Santa Monica.

Does the structure contribute to a potential historic district?

The subject property was previously identified as a contributor to the “Adelaide Drive/Adelaide Place Grouping” in the City’s Historic Resources Inventory (1983, revised 1986), the City’s Historic Resources Inventory Update (1995), and the North of Montana Survey (2002). The district is comprised of 22 residential properties grouped within the boundary of the City’s northern City limits, Ocean Avenue, the alley between Adelaide Drive and San Vicente Boulevard, and the rear lot line of those properties located along Adelaide Place. The district is significant for its physical and historical characteristics, including its architecture, association with prominent Santa Monica residents, and its location.

CONCLUSION

The residence at 316 Adelaide Drive is an example of a distinctive Spanish Colonial Revival residence located in one of the City’s most intact neighborhoods. In summary, based on current research and the above assessment, the property located at 316 Adelaide Drive appears to meet several City of Santa Monica Landmark criteria. However, the two-story southwest wing, brick landscaping in the courtyard, the entire rear garage/guesthouse complex, and parts of the northeast wing do not contribute to the historic significance of the property. The property was evaluated according to statutory criteria as follows:


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Landmark Criteria

9.36.100(a) (1) It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the City.

The subject property located at 316 Adelaide Drive is an excellent example of a Spanish Colonial Revival style residence with a high level of craft and architectural detailing. Many architects found Southern California the ideal setting for this architectural style that idealized and romanticized the Spanish and Mexican colonial period in California. The subject property with its expansive views, courtyard, and integrity of materials is a successful use of the style. Architecturally, the subtle detailing and emphasis on the materials and plan, set against the canyon and ocean, allows the subject property to communicate the idea of the mythic colonial California past. Therefore, the subject property appears to satisfy this criterion.

9.36.100(a) (2) It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value.

The resource does not appear to meet this criterion. The building lacks the sufficient aesthetic or artistic interest or value necessary for this designation.

9.36.100(a) (3) It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history.

While Eliza Halliday appears to have been active in the community in both Los Angeles and Santa Monica, at a time when that was rare for single women, it is unclear how significant her activities were. Furthermore, it does not appear that the residence at 316 Adelaide Drive was a sight or setting of her community involvement nor does it necessarily convey her potential significance architecturally. Therefore, the subject property does not appear to satisfy this criterion.

9.36.100(a) (4) It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail or historical type valuable to such a study.

The residence located at 316 Adelaide Drive is an excellent example of the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture as applied to a single-family residence. It embodies many of the style’s character-defining features including its general scale and massing; stucco walls; courtyard; red clay tile roof; heavy timber lintels; and subtle detailing. Although there have been additions, the sum of the additions do not make the residence historically insignificant. Therefore, the property appears to satisfy this criterion.


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9.36.100(a) (5) It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer or architect.

The subject property was designed by the prominent architecture firm of Walter S. and F. Pierpont Davis active in Los Angeles between 1912 and 1930. The Spanish Colonial Revival subject property is representative of their architectural exploration of the courtyard housing property type. The property retains the u-shape configuration, courtyard, and Spanish Colonial Revival character-defining features. Therefore, it appears the property meets this criterion.

9.36.100(a) (6) It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the City.

Although located on a prominent residential lot, the property is visually connected as a contributor to the neighborhood and is not individually prominent. Therefore, the subject property does not appear to meet this criterion.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Basten, Fred E. Santa Monica Bay – The First 100 Years. Los Angeles: Douglas-West Publishers, 1974.

_____________. Santa Monica Bay: Paradise By the Sea. Santa Monica: Hennessey + Ingalls, 2001.

Beaux Arts Society. Homes and Gardens of the Pacific Coast, vol. 2, (Residence for Mrs. E. W. Halliday)

City of Santa Monica. Citywide Historic Resources Inventory Update: 2007-2008. Prepared by Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., March 2008.

_____________. Santa Monica Historical Resources Inventory, Phase I: 1983. Prepared by Paul Gleye and Leslie Heumann, 1986.

_____________. Santa Monica Historical Resources Inventory, Phase II: 1985-1986. Prepared by Johnson Heumann Research Associates, 1986.

_____________. Historic Resources Inventory Update: North of Montana Area 2001-2002. Prepared by Historic Resources Group, March 2002.

______________. Historic Resources Inventory Update. Prepared by Parkinson Field Associates, September 1995.

City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Department. Building Permits.

Davis, Francis Pierpont. Ideal Homes in Garden Communities. Fourth Edition. New York:Robert M McBride Company, 1919.

Gebhard, David and Robert Winter. Architecture in Los Angeles. Salt Lake City, Utah: GibbsSmith Books, 2003.

Ingersoll, Luther A. Ingersoll’s Century History: Santa Monica Bay Cities. Los Angeles: Luther A. Ingersoll, 1908.

Los Angeles County Tax Assessor. Property Information Records.

McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.

National Park Service. National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. Washington DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division, 1997.

No Author. “Fine Improvement Planned.” Los Angeles Times. April 12, 1903, p. A1.


page 19

No Author. “Doings of Builders and Architects.” Los Angeles Times. August 16, 1903, p. B1.

No Author. “Physician Taken to the Great Beyond.” Los Angeles Times. May 9, 1916, p. II 1.

No Author. “Artist Safe in German Capital.” Santa Monica Evening Outlook. July 19, 1917, p. 1.

No Author. “Second Annex.” Santa Monica Evening Outlook. June 18, 1918, p. 7.

No Author. “Fine Home to be Built on Adelaide.” Santa Monica Evening Outlook. July 3, 1919, p. 1.

No Author. “Unique Courtyard Apartments and Beach Residence.” Los Angeles Times, November 23, 1919, p. V2.

No author. “Santa Monica Buildings are Architectural Masterpieces.” Santa Monica Evening Outlook. April 16, 1920, p. 1.

No Author. “Last Rites for Pioneer Conducted: Mrs. Eliza W. Halliday Bay Area Octogenarian Active in Last Years.” Los Angeles Times. February 13, 1930, p. A18.

No Author. “Three Sisters Reunited.” Los Angeles Times. October 23, 1938, p. D7.

Polk. Polk’s Santa Monica City Directory. Los Angeles, (various years).

Polyzoides, Stephanos, Roger Sherwood, and James Tice. Courtyard housing in Los Angeles: a typological analysis. Los Angeles: University of California, 1982.

Rissler, Howard F. “Rendleman House: Museum of the Mississippi.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 50.3 (Autumn, 1957), pp. 295-307.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, City of Santa Monica, 1918, 1935, 1938, 1951.

Santa Monica Public Library, Santa Monica Index.

Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives.

State Historic Resources Inventory Forms, 316 Adelaide Drive; Evelyn Hitchcock and Leslie Heumann, 1983; Scott Field and Janet Tearnen, updated 1995; ICF International, update 2010.

State Historic Resources Inventory Forms, Adelaide Drive and Adelaide Place Historic Grouping; HGA, Johnson and Heumann, 1983, revised 1986; HRG, Updated 2002.

Storrs, Les. Santa Monica, Portrait of a City, 1875-1975. Santa Monica: Santa Monica Bank, 1874.


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1880 U.S. Census,populationschedule,5thWardoftheCityofCairo,AlexandriaCounty,Enumeration District [ED] ‐, sheet 7, dwelling 105, family 121,Wm P Hallidayhousehold; HeritageQuest Online,http://www.heritagequestonline.com (accessed31May2011).

1900 U.S. Census, population schedule, Hyde Park Township, Chicago City, part ofPrecinct30,EnumerationDistrict[ED]32,sheet3,dwelling‐,family337,ElbertWing household; Heritage Quest Online, http://www.heritagequestonline.com (accessed31May2011).

1910 U.S. Census,populationschedule,LosAngelesTownship,LosAngelesCounty,partofPrecinct173,EnumerationDistrict [ED] ‐, sheet ‐, dwelling417, family421,Eliza Halliday household; Heritage Quest Online,http://www.heritagequestonline.com (accessed31May2011).

1920 U.S. Census,populationschedule,LosAngelesTownship,LosAngelesCounty,partof Precinct501, EnumerationDistrict [ED] 332, sheet 8B, dwelling 218, family223, Eliza Halliday household; Heritage Quest Online,http://www.heritagequestonline.com (accessed31May2011).

1920 U.S. Census, population schedule, SantaMonicaTownship, City of SantaMonica,part of Precinct 13, Enumeration District [ED] 604, sheet 8B, dwelling 283,family 295, Harry M Gorham household; Heritage Quest Online,http://www.heritagequestonline.com (accessed31May2011).

Warren, Charles S., ed. History of the Santa Monica Bay Region. Santa Monica: Cawston, 1934.

___________. Santa Monica Blue Book. Santa Monica: Cawston, 1941.

___________. Santa Monica Community Book. Santa Monica: Cawston, 1944

White, Col. Carl F. ed. Santa Monica Community Book (Fifth Edition). Santa Monica: Cawston, 1953.

ATTACHMENTS

Assessor’s Map

Assessor’s Index Map

Sanborn Map 1918

Sanborn Map 1950

Current Photographs

Historic Plans and Photographs

The Architectural Record, October 1922

United States Census Records: 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920

Assessor’s Map

Assessor’s Index Map

Sanborn Map 1918

Sanborn Map 1950

Current Photographs

Exterior

Primary (north) elevation, view south

Primary (north) elevation, view southeast

Primary (north) elevation, view southeast

Primary (north) elevation, view east


Front entrance, primary (north) elevation, view south

Cast concrete door surround, front entrance, primary (north) elevation, view south


East elevation, view west, entrance into kitchen

East elevation, view southwest

Rear driveway adjacent to east elevation, view northeast

Rear yard and covered pool, view northwest

East elevation, view west, rear courtyard

South elevation, view north, rear courtyard

West elevation, view east, rear courtyard

Rear (south) elevation, view north

West elevation, view east

Covered pool, backyard, view south

Guesthouse, backyard, view south

Backyard, view southwest

Backyard, Moreton Bay Fig tree tree in neighbor’s yard (236 Adelaide Drive), view west

Interior

Living Room, east elevation, view west

Fireplace, living Room, east elevation, view west

Living Room, west elevation, view southeast

Foyer, south elevation, view north

Foyer ceiling

Dining room, west elevation, view east

Dining room, north elevation, view south

Dining room, east elevation, view west

Ceiling, dining room

Hallway adjacent to living Room, south elevation, view northeast

Hallway adjacent to living Room, view west

Breakfast nook, view south

North bedroom, 1st floor, view southwest

South bedroom, 1st floor, view southwest

Hallway adjacent to 1st floor bedrooms, view north

Stairway, 1st floor, view west

South bedroom, 2nd floor, view southwest

North bedroom, 2nd floor, view northwest

Basement beneath kitchen, west elevation, view east

Stairway, Basement beneath kitchen, view south

Basement beneath 1st floor bedrooms, view south

Historic Photographs

Fine Home to Be Built on Adelaide, 1919 (No Author, “Fine Home to be Built on Adelaide,” Santa Monica Evening Outlook, July 3, 1919, p. 1.)

Rendering of 316 Adelaide Drive, November 23, 1919 (No Author, “Unique Courtyard Apartments and Beach Residence,” Los Angeles Times, November 23, 1919, p. V2.)

Santa Monica Canyon, circa 1920 (Fred E Basten, Santa Monica Bay – The First 100 Years, Los Angeles: Douglas-West Publishers, 1974, p 96.)

Adelaide Drive, 316 Adelaide center, 1923 (Los Angeles Public Library Images)

Adelaide Drive, 316 Adelaide center, 1923 (Los Angeles Public Library Images)

Adelaide Drive, 316 Adelaide far right, 1923 (Los Angeles Public Library Images)

Plans for 2nd Floor Bedroom and Bath Addition and Garage Addition, 1980 (City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Permit Application, #53028, May 20, 1980.)

Plans for addition, 1981 (City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Permit Application, Permit #812A4395-Y, March 16, 1981.)

Plans for Swimming Pool and Spa, 1980 (City of Santa Monica Building and Safety Permit Application, #53922, December 30, 1980.)

316 Adelaide Front Façade, 1982 (Santa Monica Public Library Image Archives)

Riverlore House, Constructed by Captian William Parker Halliday in 1865, 2723 Washington Ave., Cairo, Illinois, 1865

(Riverlore House, http://www.flickr.com/photos/coyotecreek/471835079/lightbox/, accessed May 31, 2011.)

The Hewer, Located on the former site of the Halliday Hotel (a property owned by captain Wiliam Parker Halliday that burned down in 1943), Cairo Historic District, Halliday Park, Between 9th & 10th Street on Washington St., Cairo, Illinois, 1906

“The Hewer was created by sculptor George Grey Bernard and cast in bronze by Henry-Bonnard Bronze Company. The sculpture was commissioned by Miss Mary Halliday, a friend of the artist and was displayed at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis. The sculpture was presented to the City of Cairo by in 1906 by Mrs. W.P. Halliday and children in memory of Capt. William Parker Halliday. The Hewer depicts a nude man hewing and dragging wood to save the people from death and destruction from a flood.” (“The Hewer Statue,” Waymarking, http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM6BHK_The_ Hewer_Cairo_ Historic_District_Cairo_Illinois, accessed May 31, 2011.)

Halliday – Wells House, 2146 West Adams, Los Angeles "A beautiful home is shown on this page, and one that suggests restfulness and comfort in every line. The design is original and while its antecedent is old Dutch Colonial it has been so changed and adapted that it fits perfectly with its southern surroundings. The interior is finished in white cedar the decorations done by Mr. Langensieper, one of the foremost artists in this line. The furnishings have been collected by Mrs. Halliday during her trips through different parts of Europe, China and Japan. The garden is a delightful place with an old fashioned sun dial and stepping stones across the lawn.” (Frank Calvert, Editor, Homes and Gardens of the Pacific Coast, Vol II, Los Angeles, Lake Washington: Beaux Arts Society Publishers, 1913. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kansas_sebastian /5398343037/in/set-72157625807254413/, accessed May 31, 2011)

The Architectural Record, October 1922

United States Census Records: 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920

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Documents

316 Adelaide Drive Landmark Assessment - Santa Monica · The single-family residence is situated on the Adelaide Drive, between 7th Street to the east, Ocean Avenue to the west, Adelaide