CHAPTER 30PLANT DIVERSITY II:

THE EVOLUTION OF SEED PLANTSLearning objectives:

Key Terrestrial Adaptations Were Crucial to the Success of Seed Plants

1. Name five terrestrial adaptations that contributed to the success of seed plants.

2. Compare the size and independence of the gametophytes of bryophytes and seed plants.

3. Contrast homospory and heterospory, mentioning which taxa of seed plants display each condition.

4. Describe the ovule of a seed plant.

5. Contrast the gametophytes of bryophytes and seed plants.

6. Explain why pollen grains were an important adaptation for successful reproduction on land.

7. Explain how a seed can be said to include contributions from three distinct generations.

8. Compare spores and seeds as dispersal stages in plant life cycles.

Gymnosperms9. Name the two surviving clades of seed plants.

10. Explain how climatic changes with the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea favored the spread of gymnosperms.

11. List and distinguish among the four phyla of gymnosperms.

12. Describe the life history of a pine. Indicate which structures are part of the gametophyte generation and which are part of the sporophyte generation.

Angiosperms13. Identify the following floral structures and describe a function for each:

a. sepals

b. petals

c. stamens

d. carpels

e. filament

f. anther

g. stigma

h. style

i. ovary

j. ovule

14. Define fruit. Explain why a cereal grain is a fruit rather than a seed.

15. Explain how fruits may be adapted to disperse seeds.

16. Diagram the generalized life cycle of an angiosperm. Indicate which structures are part of the gametophyte generation and which are part of the sporophyte generation.

17. Define: generative cell, the tube cell within the angiosperm pollen grain.

18. Explain the process and function of double fertilization.

19. Explain the significance of Archaefructus.20. Explain the significance of Amborella.

21. Describe what studies of plant development suggest about the origin and early evolution of angiosperms.

22. Distinguish between monocots and eudicots.

23. Explain how animals may have influenced the evolution of terrestrial plants and vice versa.

Plants and Human Welfare24. Name the six angiosperms that are most important in the diet of the human species.

25. Describe the current threat to plant diversity caused by human population growth. Explain how loss of plant diversity may harm our species.

Learning Objectives for Campbell/Reece Biology, 8th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc.1 of 2