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The children of William the Conqueror battle or connive for the throne. Administrative changes to improve government efficiency under Henry I. King-Chruch conflicts are continuing.
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Normans: The Second Generation
R ob ert IID u ke o f N orm an d y
(1 0 8 7 -1 1 0 6 ){c . 1 0 5 1 -1 1 3 4 }
R ich ard{< 1 0 5 6 -1 0 7 5 }
W illiam II{1 0 5 6 -1 1 0 0 }
H en ry IE n g lan d (1 1 0 0 -1 1 3 5 )
N orm an d y (1 1 0 6 -1 1 3 5 ){1 0 6 8 -1 1 3 5 }
A d e lam . S tep h en o f B lo is
d . 1 1 3 7
W illiam Im . M atild a
William Rufus
White Tower Completed
White Tower Completed
Tower Fireplace
Tower garde-robe
Investiture Controversy
1075 Pope Gregory declares and the Lateran Council agrees that only the Pope:
Can appoint, remove or move churchmenQuestion of homage
Rufus and Anselm
• Archbishop of Canterbury 1093
• Refuses request for £2000, offers £500
• 1095 Differences over Pope
Rufus and Anselm
• Rufus refuses to hold church council- Issues– simony– sodomy– vacant churches
• Anselm to Rome 1097• Return refused
Rufus and the C
hurch
[ Anselm ]
Henry I
Robert Curthose, effigy, Gloucesster
From Flickr
Henry I and the Church Investiture
1100 Recall of Anselm – Persuades barons to support Henry over
Robert. Ultimatum to Henry that any waiver of investiture depended upon the Pope.
1101 Henry threatens to break with the Pope if he does not yield.
Investiture (2)
1102 Pope gives primacy to Anselm. Adamant on investiture but softer on clerical homage.
1102 Henry supports synod Council of London • Denounce simony, sodomy, lax discipline
and wild dress and enforce celibacy.
Investiture (3)
1103 Anselm again goes into exile.
1103-5 Three warning letters from the Pope to Henry threatening excommunication.
1105 Anselm goes to Rome
1106 Compromise–no investitures but clerical homage.
1107 Agreement of London
Hugh the Chanter on the investiture settlement
But at length the king renounced investitures because of [the threat of] interdict and anathema by the Roman church, a renunciation by which he lost little or nothing, a little indeed of his royal dignity but absolutely nothing of his power to enthrone whomever he wished.Professor Timothy Reuter, University of Southampton. Hugh the Chanter, The History of the Church of York, 1066-1127, ed. C. Johnson, revised ed. by. M. Brett, C.N.L. Brooke and M. Winterbottom, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), p. 22. Translated by T. Reuter.
http://www.keele.ac.uk/history/currentundergraduates/tltp/PAPACY/COMMENTS/CD4COM11.HTM
Monetary Reform (1108)
• “he who was caught passing bad denarii should not escape by redeeming himself but should lose his eyes and members “
• “…since denarii were often picked out, bent, broken, and refused, he decreed that no denarius or obol, which he said were to be round, or even a quadrans, if it were whole, should be refused “
Monetary Reform (1107-1108)
• Cut edges to prevent plating• Round half penny replaces
split penny
Monetary Reform (1124)
• Enforcement “…the Bishop Roger of Salisbury sent over all England, and bade [moneyers] come to Winchester at Christmas. … were they [the ones judged guilty of false coinage] taken one by one, and deprived each of the right
hand and the testicles beneath.” • Elimination of some mints and of periodic
changes in coinage. Control of mints on Welsh border.
Administrative ReformExchequer
• 1110-1 First recorded exchequer – marriage of his daughter
• 1130 Oldest extant pipe roll
Components – Tally Sticks
Components – Court of Audit
Components – Abbreviato
The Abbreviato is a working version of Domesday with notes. Used by Exchequer.
13th C., Westminster Abbey
Components – Pipe Rolls
• Not yet• 1826 George IV• 1399 Henry IV• 1535 Henry VIII• 1461 Edward IV
When Did This System End?
✔
Turner
Bastard Diplomacy
• Sybil (1107) Alexander of Scotland• Juliane (1103) Eustace, lord of Breteuil • Maud Fitzedith (1103) Rotrou II, Count of
Perche • Maud (c1113) Conan III 'le Gros', Duke of
Brittany
Bastard Diplomacy
• Aline (1126) - Matthew de Montmorenci, constable of France
• Daughter - Fergus, Lord of Galloway• Maud of Cornwall (c1165) - Robert de
Beaumont, Earl of Mellent (Count of Meulan)