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3 Rd Generation Drivers
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1U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
2U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
Introduction and Session AimsIntroduction and Session Aims• This session is focussed at looking
at how and why the 3rd Generation standards have evolved
• Firstly we will look at the goals and the focus of the ITU in IMT-2000
• We will then examine what drivers from the regions and the various industry bodies who have an interest in 3rd Generation
• Finally we will round up by looking at the IMT-2000 cellular standards
•IMT-2000•IMT-2000 spectrum
•Drivers from Europe, America and Asia•Regulatory bodies•Standardisation bodies•Industry associations
•3rd Generation Cellular Standards
3U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
IMTIMT--20002000• IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000) is a
program focussed at providing a single global standard for mobile communications
• Development started in 1985 as FPLMTS ! Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System
• Proposed by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union)
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
4U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Who does IMTWho does IMT--2000 serve?2000 serve?• Integrating all the following users
! fixed! cellular! cordless! professional mobile radio! paging! satellite! specialised (aeroplane, etc)
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
IMT-2000 terminal and services
5U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Aspects of IMTAspects of IMT--2000 Networks2000 Networks3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
Different aspects of IMT-2000 access networks
6U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
What are the IMTWhat are the IMT--2000 goals?2000 goals?• Data Rates
! Local area - 2 Mbps" In office, stationary
! Limited mobility - 384 kbps" Urban pedestrian
! Full mobility - 144 kbps" Rural in car
• High spectrum efficiency compared to existing systems• High flexibility to introduce new services
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
7U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
IMTIMT--2000 Spectrum2000 Spectrum
1800 20501900 1950 20001850 2100 2150 2200
ITU(WARC-92)
Europe
Japan
Korea
USA
1885 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200
1920 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200
1920 1980 2110 2170
2110 21701920 1980
1850 1910 1930 1990 2110 2200
MSS MSSIMT-2000
Land Mobile
IMT-2000
Land Mobile UL
IMT-2000
Land Mobile UL
IMT-2000
Land Mobile
IMT-2000
Land Mobile DL
IMT-2000
Land Mobile DL
UMTS
Paired UL
UMTS
Paired DLUMTS
SATUMTS
SAT
UMTS
UnpairedUMTS
Unpaired
IMT-2000
Land Mobile
PCS
ULPCS
DLReserved
1900
DECTGSM 18001880
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
8U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
IMTIMT--2000 Future Spectrum2000 Future SpectrumITU
(WRC-2000)
Europe
Japan
Korea
USA
2200 3000600 1000 1400 1800 2400
806 960 1710
1880
2500 2690
890 960 1710
GSM 1800GSM 900
New IMT-2000 New IMT-2000 New IMT-2000
Cellular PCS
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
9U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
IMTIMT--2000 Candidate Technology Evaluation2000 Candidate Technology Evaluation• The ITU issued a request for proposals for the Radio
Transmission Technology (RTT) for IMT-2000 to be submitted in June 1998
• Following this a self evaluation of the RTT submitted was required by September 1998
• Candidate technologies were then evaluated according to their compliance with the goals for IMT-2000
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
10U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
IMTIMT--2000 Candidate 2000 Candidate HarmonisationHarmonisation• A number of technologies were submitted many of which had
distinct similarities• Of course operators were generally keen on a single standard
to allow global roaming and economies of scale! Operators Harmonisation Group (OHG)
• This led to two partnership projects being set up:! 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
" Dealing with UMTS FDD/TDD and related candidate technologies a
! 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)" Dealing with cdma2000 and related candidate technologies
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
11U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
3G Standardization Environment3G Standardization Environment3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
Key Players and their relationships in the IMT-2000 standardisation environment
12U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
• Five candidate technologies were eventually selected:
! IMT-DS (Direct Spread)"UMTS FDD
! IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)"cdma2000
! IMT-TC (Time Code)"UMTS TDD
! IMT-SC (Single Carrier)"EDGE/UWC-136
! IMT-FT (Frequency Time)"DECT
IMTIMT--2000 Selected Air Interface Standards2000 Selected Air Interface Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
13U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
• Three candidate technologies will be used:
! GSM MAP Evolved! ANSI-41 Evolved! IP Based
"Driven forward by 3GIP
IMTIMT--2000 Selected Core Network Standards2000 Selected Core Network Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
14U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
IMTIMT--2000 Standards2000 Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
The IMT-2000 family of standards
15U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
• North America and US influenced countries! Dominated by 2G TDMA/cdmaOne! USA has slower growth because recipient party pays! Mess of digital systems at 800 and 1900 MHz! US manufacturers have pushed forward growing cdmaOne standard! PCS spectrum overlaps IMT-2000 band! Major Drivers
" Spectrum sharing and compatibility with 2G standard" National/International roaming
cdma2000 (cdmaOne operators)cdma2000 (cdmaOne operators)EDGE (TDMA operators)EDGE (TDMA operators)
North America DriversNorth America Drivers3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
16U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
• Europe and European Influenced Countries! GSM provided 2nd generation roaming across Europe! Plenty of Capacity at 1800MHz! IMT2000 band compatible with current spectrum usage leads to no
spectrum sharing issues! EU enforced standardisation means UMTS for ‘at least 1 operator’ per
country! Major Drivers
" Higher Data Rates" Continued global dominance of European based standard
UMTSUMTS
European DriversEuropean Drivers3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
17U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Japan/Korean DriversJapan/Korean Drivers• Japan and Korea
! PHS and PDC left Japanese manufacturers isolated! IMT2000 band compatible with current spectrum usage leads to no
spectrum sharing issues! Political US relationships...! Major Drivers
" Capacity for Voice" Global market for cellular infrastructure
UMTSUMTS
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
18U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Cordless DriversCordless Drivers• You can’t get 2Mbps out of the cellular standards• Hence a requirement for cordless style standards
! UMTS TDD Mode! DECT
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
19U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Industry Bodies Industry Bodies -- Radio RegulatoryRadio Regulatory• ITU (International)
! http://www.itu.int/
• ERO (EU) ! European Radio Office! http://www.ero.dk/
• RA (UK)! Radiocommunications Agency! http://www.radio.gov.uk/
• FCC (USA) ! Federal Communications
Commission! http://www.fcc.gov/
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
20U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Industry Bodies Industry Bodies -- Trade AssociationsTrade Associations• UMTS Forum
! http://www.umts-forum.org/
• GSM Association! http://www.gsmworld.com/index1.html
• CDMA Development Group! http://www.cdg.org/
• GSM Suppliers Association! http://www.gsacom.com/home.html
• Universal Wireless Communications Consortium! http://www.uwcc.org/
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
21U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Industry Bodies Industry Bodies -- Standards GroupsStandards Groups• 3GPP
! UMTS FDD and TDD! Standards Development! http://www.3gpp.org/
• 3GPP2! cdma2000! Standards Development! http://www.3gpp2.org/
• 3GIP! IP Core Network! http://www.3gip.org/
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
22U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Partnership Projects and Standards Partnership Projects and Standards OrganisationsOrganisations
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
Relationships between the standards organisations
23U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
3GPP Member 3GPP Member OrganisationsOrganisations• ETSI (EU)
! http://www.etsi.org/
• ARIB (Japan)! http://www.arib.or.jp/arib/english/
• T1 (USA)! http://www.t1.org/
• TTC (Japan)! http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/
• TTA (Korea)! http://www.tta.or.kr/
• CWTS (China)! http://www.cwts.org/cwts/index_eng.html
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
24U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
3GPP2 Member 3GPP2 Member OrganisationsOrganisations• TIA (USA)
! http://www.tiaonline.org/
• TTA (Korea)! http://www.tta.or.kr/
• TTC (Japan)! http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/
• ARIB (Japan)! http://www.arib.or.jp/arib/english/
• CWTS (China)! http://www.cwts.org/cwts/index_eng.html
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
25U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
The Road to 3GThe Road to 3G3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
Possible Evolution Paths to 3G
HSCSD
26U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
3rd Generation Cellular3rd Generation Cellular• 2002+• Digital modulation• Voice and high rate data• Multi technology roaming• Secure air interface• Standards
! UMTS FDD (CDMA based)! UMTS TDD (CDMA based)! cdma2000 (CDMA based)! EDGE (TDMA based)
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
27U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
UMTS FDDUMTS FDD• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Frequency
Division Duplexing Mode• Built onto enhanced GSM core network• Utilises:
! QPSK modulation! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates! Variable spreading factors and multi-code transmission! CDMA! FDD! Asynchronous operation
• Data up to rates of 2Mbps (typically less)
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
28U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
UMTS Compared to GSMUMTS Compared to GSMUMTS GSM
Carrier Spacing 5MHz 200kHz
Frequency ReuseFactor
1 1-18
Power ControlFrequency
1500Hz 2Hz or lower
Quality Control Radio ResourceManagement
algorithms
Frequency Planningand NetworkOptimisation
Frequency Diversity 5MHz bandwidth givesmultipath diversity with
rake reciever
Frequency Hopping
Packet Data Load Based PacketScheduling
Time Slot basedScheduling with GPRS
Transmit Diversity Supported to improvedownlink capacity
Not supported bystandard but may be
applied
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
29U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
UMTS Compared to IS95UMTS Compared to IS95UMTS IS-95
Carrier Spacing 5MHz 1.25MHz
Chip Rate 3.84Mcps 1.2288McpsPower ControlFrequency
1500Hz Uplink 800Hz,Downlink slow
Base StationSynchronisation
No Yes via GPS
Frequency InterFrequencyHandovers
Yes, slotted modemeasurements
Possible butmeasurements not
specified
Packet Data Load Based PacketScheduling
Packets as short CScalls
Radio ResourceManagement
Efficient algorithms toprovide QoS
Not required forspeech only
Transmit Diversity Supported to improvedownlink capacity
Not supported bystandard
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
30U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
UMTS TDDUMTS TDD• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Frequency
Division Duplexing Mode• Built onto enhanced GSM core network• Utilises:
! QPSK modulation! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates! CDMA! TDD! Asynchronous operation
• Data up to rates of 2Mbps (typically less)
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
31U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
cdma2000cdma2000• Built onto ANSI-41 core network• Utilises:
! QPSK modulation! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates! CDMA! FDD! Multiple carriers on the downlink to allow compatibility with cdmaOne! Synchronous operation
• Data up to rates of 2Mbps (typically less)
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
32U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
EDGEEDGE• Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution
! Sometimes called E-GPRS (Enhanced GPRS)
• Enhancement to the GSM and TDMA standards• Utlilises:
! 8PSK Modulation! Possible 1.6MHz carrier under IS-136! 8 Channel Coding Schemes! Multiple Timeslots! TDMA
• Data up to rates of 384kbps (typically less)
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
33U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
3rd Generation Standards Compared3rd Generation Standards ComparedUMTS FDD UMTS TDD cdma2000 EDGE
MultipleAccess
CDMA CDMA CDMA TDMA
Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK 8-PSK
CarrierSpacing
5MHz (200kHzraster)
5MHz (200kHzraster)
3.75MHzUL/1.25MHz DL
200kHz/1.6MHz
Frame Length 10ms 10ms 20ms 4.615ms
Slots perFrame
15 15 16 8/16/64
MultipleRates
Multi-code,Variable
Spreading Factor
Multi-code, multi-slot
SupplementalChannels, Multiplespreading Factors
Multiple channelcode, multi-slot
Chip Rate 3.84Mcps 3.84Mcps 3.6868Mcps
Max DataRate
2Mbps 2Mbps 2Mbps 521/4750kbps
Synchronous No No Yes Yes
Handover Soft Hard Soft Hard
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
34U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
4th Generation...4th Generation...• Probably 2005-2007• Broadband data rates in excess of
1Mbps• Probably 10MHz+ carriers• ...
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
35U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
QuestionsQuestions• What is IMT-2000 and why is it related to UMTS?• Why do the American operators want cdma2000 and EDGE?• What is the major difference between UMTS and cdma2000?
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards
36U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview
Session SummarySession Summary• In this session we have discussed:
! The key goals of IMT-2000! The drivers for 3rd generation from the regions! The key industry bodies and their relationships! The four cellular air interfaces for IMT-2000 are:
" UMTS FDD" UMTS TDD" cdma2000" EDGE
3rd Generation Drivers and Standards