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The process of selecting materials for a building project is a challenging task. The purpose of this
section is to provide a framework for the evaluation of products and to offer environmentally preferable
options to traditional building materials and techniques.
To evaluate a product, begin with its life cycle. Consider the source of the product and the effects
of its extraction or manufacture. Ask yourself how it will be transported to the building site (and from
what distance), how long the product will last, and what you will do with the material at the end of its
useful life. By evaluating materials in this manner, you will be able to clearly identify concerns. See
the following Green Building Material Selection Criteria Outline for more information.
This section of the guidelines has been organized into major building components. Please
understand that although this is a guide to some of the options available today that can help to green
up your individual project, it is not intended to be comprehensive. Our hope is that you will find
additional products as you ask around about some of the products we have mentioned. The green
product industry is growing and changing, and we encourage each of you to ask your local stores,
lumberyard, architect, engineer, contractor, landscape architect or designer about these products.
Consumer demand will increase their availability, and everyone will benefit from their use.
Constructing a building requires enormous quantities of resources and energy. By building
smaller, smarter and more efficiently, we reduce the resources and energy necessary to make our
buildings work. By selecting green building materials, we make a conscious decision to think beyond
our project and consider the environment as a whole. Each individual building, remodel or addition
becomes an opportunity to create a healthier and more efficient environment.
Green Building
Material Options
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When selecting materials, it is important to keep in mind that there is no single correct solution.
The goal is to make educated choices about the products that will be used in a particular project. You
may use the following principles as a guide:
Find ways to do more with less. If a material is not necessary, don't use it. If one material can
fulfill the role of two or more, choose that material.
Use the most environmentally sound products that you can afford. Balance economic costs with
real environmental and social costs.
Consider durability. Products that last longer need to be replaced less frequently, thereby reducing
the waste stream to our landfills.
A green label on a product does not necessarily mean that it is the best choice for your project.
The most sustainable buildings use a whole building approach that combines innovative design
with effective material selection and waste management.
Think holistically and creatively. Each project is unique and provides an opportunity for new
approaches and environmental problem solving.
Use materials that are available through materials exchange programs, thus reducing the demand
for new materials and encouraging reuse.
This document is not meant to promote any one individual, manufacturer or business, but rather
to inform you about some known exceptional resources--many of which are available right in your
community.
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To expand further, consider the fo
performance standards for produc
Reduce demands on nonrenewable resources:
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels in
production, transportation and
operation
Reduce the use of old growth timber
(Utilize juvenile timber products and
wood alternatives that are toxin-free)
Utilize salvaged products
Be recyclable
Contain recycled materials, preferably
from post consumer waste
Contain agricultural waste material
Be energy and water efficient
Be natural or minimally processed
Reduce environmental degradation:
Minimize habitat and watershed degradation
Utilize alternatives to ozone depleting substances
Utilize alternatives to polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs)
Eliminate use of pesticides
EVALUATE MATERIALS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
When evaluat
individual
materials, think
terms of a crato-grave appro
M1
Green Building Material Selection Criteria
When evaluating individual materials, think in terms of a cradle-to-grave approach. Choose
materials that minimize environmental and health impacts during:
Resource Extraction
Manufacturing
Packaging and Transportation
Installation
Operation
Disposal (Recycle/ Reuse)
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Be free of toxic or harmful substances:
Minimize the use of preservatives
Minimize the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other toxins that reduce indoor air quality
Block development and spread of indoor contaminants
Not contain pesticides
Not cause harm to humans, animals and the environment in extraction, manufacture, installation and
demolition
Help to reduce waste:
Utilize salvaged materials
Be designed to be dismantled and reused
Avoid excess packaging
Be efficiently designed; use modular building materials as standards
Be exceptionally durable and have low maintenance requirements
Be third party certified Examples of certifying organizations and labels are:
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
California Organic Standards
Green Seal
Scientific Certification Systems (SCS)
Energy Star
SmartWood
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Washington, DC, (877) 372-5646 or www.fscus.org
2. Green Seal, Washington, DC, (202) 872-6400 or www.greenseal.org
3. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), Oakland, CA, (510) 832-1415 or www.scs1.com
4. Energy Star, (888) STAR-YES orwww.energystar.gov
5. SmartWood, Richmond, VT, (802) 434-5491 or www.smartwood.org
6. Consult with yourgreen building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
S7, M13, M18, H4, H6, W1, W2, W4, L5, L6, L11, L12
M1
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Ground Floor Foundation Choices
Slab on gradewith integral footings
under bearing walls is an excellent and
easy choice for gaining essential thermal
mass in a building. This option allows for
multiple uses from the same product: a
structural system, finish flooring surface
and thermal mass.
As a finished floor, concrete can be
sealed, pigmented, painted and textured
to resemble natural stone and tile
products, or can be an attractive and
honest finish in its own right.
Raised wood floorframing on stem
walls over a basement or crawl space
offers the ability to gain easy access to
plumbing, ducts and other utilities. The
stem walls can be made of either Cast
in Place concrete, Concrete Masonry
Units (CMU), or Stay in Place concrete
forms.
Ingredient substitutescan be used to
offset some of the environmental
impacts of concrete manufacturing:
Fly Ash, a byproduct of coal combustion,
can substitute for 15 to 60 percent of the
Portland cement in a mixture depending
on the intended use. It is estimated that
most concrete batches that come from
the local plant contain anywhere from 15
to 20 percent fly ash content.
Mixtures that contain fly ash can be
slower to cure, are stronger and
smoother, denser, more workable and
less permeable.
MATERIALS: CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
The durability
strength of conc
can offset some
the negativeaspects of it
manufacturin
process; and it
also be useful
its thermal mas
M2
The process of manufacturing concrete contributes to air pollution and uses large amounts
of fossil fuel energy and water, but it is an essential part of most foundation systems. The
durability and strength of concrete can offset some of the negative aspects of its
manufacturing process; and it can also be useful for its thermal mass. The amount of
concrete used will vary greatly depending on which foundation system is selected.
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Aggregates can consist of recycled concrete
or other hard non-deforming material. Use
of recycled aggregate promotes waste
diversion from solid waste and inert landfills.
By obtaining locally available aggregates,
the adverse impacts of transportation can
be reduced. Caution should be taken here,
as engineers are typically wary of specifying
material of unknown content and properties.
A local concrete plant, Vulcan, indicates
that its Santa Barbara plant is not set up to
add recycled aggregate and that some
contracts will not allow it.
Admixtures are ingredients to promote
bonding, sealing, coloring and accelerated
curing. There are low toxicity, water based
products available that meet California
environmental standards.
NOTE: Discuss the use of these ingredients with
your engineer or contractor to determine whether
they might have adverse affects on your specific
project or situation.
Concrete is a poor insulator but a good
conductor. When concrete is used for thermal
mass and the opposing surface is exposed to an
unconditioned space, insulation should be used
to reduce conductivity.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. For information about the availability of concrete with fly ash in the mix, call Vulcan Materials Co.,
(805)964-9931. A website is also available with information, www.flyash.com.
2. Consult with yourgreen building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
H1, L1, L7
M2
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BLOCK WALL OPTIONS
Concrete masonry units(CMU) are
made of hollow concrete formed blocks.
There are concrete blocks available that
contain pellets of expanded polystyrene
and wood chips that help to reduce the
amount of concrete used in the
manufacture of the block and as a result
improve the overall insulative value of
the block.
When this product is left exposed or
plastered it can provide an opportunity
to gain thermal mass to the interior but
can be thermally inefficient if not
protected from the exterior. Verify
product content and use local
manufacturers to reduce transportation.
Insulated masonry units(IMU) are
manufactured in the same manner and
of the same material as traditional
Concrete Masonry Units. The difference
between the two systems is in theirassembled final form. IMUs are dry
stacked and held together with
reinforcing bar and cement surface
bonding stucco applied to both sides.
Interior cores that are not grouted are
filled with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)
foam cores (EPS is made using non-
CFC and HCFC polluting processes).
This creates an insulated thermal mass
that performs structurally like the CMU.
MATERIALS: BLOCK WALLS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
...block wal
systems offer
opportunity to
less concrete aoften require l
equipment inten
methods of
construction.
M3
When compared to poured in place concrete, block wall systems offer an opportunity to
use less concrete and often require less equipment intensive methods of construction.
These systems can be used for foundations, retaining walls and above grade bearing wall
applications. All the systems listed below have the common requirement of a steel reinforced
concrete core, but the forms vary in material content thus affecting their thermal efficiency.
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Insulated Concrete Formsare a stay-in-
place system that offers high thermal
efficiency (R-26 to R-40 depending on
thickness). The form materials are low-toxic
and made of EPS foam. These systems are
lightweight, easily assembled and can have
interior finishes applied directly.
Rastrais a product name of another
insulated concrete form. The difference is
that this product is produced out of recycled
post-consumer plastics, such as expanded
polystyrene and mixed with concrete. It, like
other forms, is filled with concrete and
reinforcing bar to create a structurally and
thermally efficient building.
Autoclaved Aerated Concreteis a process
that traps air within the concrete and creates
a product that insulates, is lightweight, is
more workable than conventional concrete
(it can be cut with a hand saw) and reduces
the overall cement content. The units are
solid blocks, lightweight due to trapped air,
and offer a high strength to weight ratio.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Concrete masonry units:
Air Vol, San Luis Obispo (805) 543-1314
Truestone, Oxnard (805) 485-1137
2. Insulated masonry units: Integrated Masonry Systems International, Ltd. (801) 235-1565
3. Insulated Concrete Forms:
American Poly Steel, New Mexico (505) 345-8153
IceBlock, Las Vegas (702) 795-0974
KEEVA International, (480) 855-6641 www.oikos.com/keeva
Rastra, (623) 935-3585 or www.rastra.com
Baubuilder Services (Rastra supplier) (360) 705-2868 or www.baubuilder.com
4. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete:BABB International, Inc., (706) 965-6061 or www.babb.com or www.startmyhome.com
Innovative Masonry Systems, (888) 845-8240 or www.innovativemasonry.com
Keystone Block, (570) 347-2011
Grand Blanc Cement Products, (800) 875-7500 or www.grandblanccement.com
5. Consult with yourgreen building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
M5, E7
M3
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Alternatives to non-sustainably
harvested wood:
Salvaged or reclaimed lumberis an
excellent choice, that makes use of an
existing material that needs little or no
re-manufacturing. There are several
reclaimed lumber companies in
California including two in our local area
(see additional resources below).
Certified sustainable woodcomes from
forests that are managed in accordance
with sustainable forest practices
developed by the Forest Stewardship
Council. Be skeptical of other
certifications until you have verified their
standards. Most certified products cost
more than non-certified wood products.
Look for recognizable labels and ask
local lumberyards for these products.
Engineered Lumber Products:
Glue-Laminated Members
Pre-manufactured Trusses
Engineered I-Joist/Open Web joists
Laminated Veneer Lumber and
Finger Jointed Lumber
These are examples of wood products that
are manufactured from small pieces of wood,
wood scraps or wood fibers held together
with binders. These products make use of
smaller diameter trees, not old growth
forests, are resource efficient, stronger and
more uniform than solid-sawn lumber.
Although engineered lumber currently costs
more than standard lumber, the market is
growing and savings are realized in terms of
reduced waste, labor, and superior quality.
Look for engineered products that use
certified sustainably harvested wood and
non-formaldehyde binders such as
polyurethane (MDI).
MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE: WOOD
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
...when wood
sustainably
harvested it
continues to berenewable resou
M4
The structural frame historically accounts for 70 percent of the total lumber used to
construct the average U.S. residence, according to the Guide to Resource Efficient
Building Elements, (Mumma, Tracy). We should be aware that there are alternatives to
dimensional lumber that can help reduce demand on forest resources, but keep in mind,
when wood is sustainably harvested (look for FSC certification), it continues to be a
renewable resource.
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Structurally Insulated Panels(SIPs) are
factory made wall panels consisting of a
foam core sandwiched between two layers
of Oriented Strand Board (OSB). This
product reduces wood waste generated on
site as panels are cut to exact wall
specifications in the factory and
manufacturers are able to recycle their own
scrap. These panels reduce the time
required for framing and insulating as one
system covers both of these trades.
Due to the tight construction tolerances and
solid foam core, increased insulation
properties may also be realized with SIPs.
Buildings have been constructed in Santa
Barbara County using this building system.
Wood Preservation
When using wood products that will come in
contact with surrounding ground or that must
stand up to outdoor exposure, there are products
available that are non-toxic and are safe to use
and dispose of.
Preserveand Preserve Plusare chromium
and arsenic free treated wood. Both of these
systems offer protection from decay, rot, and
termite attack and provide long term
protection.
Pac-Boris lumber and plywood that is
treated with borax. It is safe to handle and
dispose of, and is effective against rot, fungi
and wood destroying insects. This product is
meant for above ground uses such as sill
plates, framing lumber and flooring.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Salvaged and reclaimed lumber:
Old Growth Redwood, Mendocino (707) 937-0918
Caldwell Building Wreckers, San Francisco (415) 550-6777
Crossroads Recycled Lumber, ONeals (559) 877-3645
Jefferson Recycled Woodworks, McCloud (916) 964-2740 or www.ecowood.com
Maxwell Pacific, Malibu (310) 457-4533
Habitat, Oxnard (805) 981-2268
Survivor Woods, Minneapolis, MN (612) 875-6966
2. Certified sustainable wood and engineered lumber:
Hayward Lumber (805) 963-1881
Collins Products, Oregon (541) 884-2241
Truss Joist MacMillan (208) 338-0515
3. Structurally Insulated Panels:
Premiere Building Systems (800) 275-7086
R-Control, made by AFM Corporation (800) 255-0176
4. Wood preservatives:
Chemical Specialties, Inc, (800) 421-8661
Pacific Wood Preserving of Bakersfield, (661) 833-0429
5. Consult with yourgreen building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
M1, H4, W1, W2, W4, L3, L4, L7
M4
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Recycled-content steel studsare used
more commonly in commercial projects
but are gaining acceptance in residential
markets. They are readily available and
contain varying degrees of recycled
content. Although these studs easily
conduct heat through the building skin
there are ways to eliminate the
conductive bridge effect. This is a
strong, stable, uniform product that
helps to reduce forest depletion.
Masonry unitsare a durable product
that can accept many different finish
materials. When left exposed on the
interior of a building the material
functions well as thermal mass. More
information on this topic can be found in
M3 (Block Walls).
Poured-in-place concretewalls are
strong and durable and share many of
the same thermal characteristics of
masonry. Remember concrete is a poor
insulator and a good conductor so
measures should be taken to prevent
thermal transfer through the wall.
Foam block formsare a newer
technology that uses easily stacked,
hollow foam units that require a
reinforced concrete core. The foam units
provide a thermally efficient wall that can
accept many different finishes. More
information on this product can be found
in M3 (Block Walls).
Rammed earth or pisis created using
techniques similar to poured-in-place
concrete systems. The two differ in the
content of the mixture. Rammed earth
mixtures contain cement, sand, water
and soil, the last usually gathered from
the building site. Design measures
should be taken to protect walls from
moisture.
MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE:
NON WOOD
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Recycled-cont
steel studs are
strong stable
product that heto reduce fore
depletion
M5
B
y using non-wood building products we can help to offset the demand on forest
resources. There are several options available. Detailed descriptions are includedbelow.
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Insteelis a product that reverses the
technology of the Foam Block Form. The
system consists of a foam core with pre-
installed welded wire mesh on each side,
attached together through the core, ready to
accept a high pressure sprayed concrete
(gunite) surface. Once the concrete is in
place the product can be hand troweled and
is then ready to accept a plaster finish. The
result is a thermally efficient wall with added
thermal mass on the interior face. Four
homes were recently built in Santa Barbara
using this product.
Strawbaleconstruction is an old method of
building that is beginning to gain popularity
in this region. The strawbales are used as
infill between structural members and
provide a highly insulated wall. The
strawbales, once in place, are plastered on
both sides providing a secure and fire
resistant wall system, with excellent acoustic
properties. There have been examples of
load bearing strawbale walls being
constructed, but no such structure has been
permitted in Santa Barbara so far.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Insteel Construction Systems, (912) 264-3772
2. The Earth Building Foundation, Inc. maintains a website that contains information and links on the subject of
earth building, including rammed earth building, www.earthbuilding.com
3. Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST) maintains a listing of strawbale
references, resources, and builders, http://solstice.crest.org/efficiency/straw_insulation/
4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
M3, M8, W2, L10
M5
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Plywoodis the most commonly used
product for wall sheathing as it has
excellent strength. Plywood that
contains urea formaldehyde binders
should be avoided, as it is toxic.
Choose plywood containing a lesser
formaldehyde content such as phenolformaldehyde or, best of all, methyl
diisocyanate (MDI), a polyurethane
resin, that is formaldehyde free. Also,
consider the wood used and where it
comes from.
Oriented Strand Board(OSB) makes
use of smaller, fast growing farm trees.
This product can be used in place of
plywood in sheathing and subfloor
applications. Be aware of binding agents
used in these products.
Composite ply & OSBsheets make use
of both technologies but use only the
veneer woods on the outmost layers,
helping to reduce dependence on large
diameter trees.
Thermo-Plyis made of 100 percent
recycled material content (cardboard
and office waste, and wood
manufacturing waste) and is 99 percent
recyclable. It does not use old growth,
fast growing trees, or wood chips in the
material content. The material is bonded
by 100 percent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),
which is one of the safest bonding
agents available. All of these qualities
are compounded with strength
comparable to conventional plywoods
and OSB.
Use wall sheathing that is formaldehyde
free or contains phenol formaldehyde,
MDI (polyurethane resin) or better yet,
PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). Avoid ureaformaldehyde products entirely if
possible.
MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE
STRUCTURAL WALL SHEATHING
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
When selectin
wall sheathing,
aware of mater
content andformaldehyde ba
binding agents,
off gassing may
highly toxic.
M6
In wood construction, the way walls resist lateral forces such as wind, settling soil and
earthquakes is through shear panels attached to framing members. Used extensively
throughout a structure (roof and walls), these panels account for enormous amounts of wood.When selecting wall sheathing, be aware of material content and formaldehyde based binding
agents, as off gassing may be highly toxic.
7/27/2019 3 Materials
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additional information
1. National Association of Home Builders, (301) 249-4000 or www.nahbrc.org
2. Sustainably harvested plywood: CollinsWood (800) 329-1219 (only manufacturer in North American )
3. Thermo-Ply, manufactured by Simplex Products Division (800) 345-8881
4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
H4, H6, H7, W1, L3, L7
M6
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Roofing options:
Terra cotta tile & slate shinglesare
durable materials, have very good fire
resistance, and can be easily recycled.
Heavier product weight may result in
higher shipping costs and larger roof
framing and truss dimensions. These
products can be fragile.
Fiber cement shinglesare a mixture of
cellulose fiber and cement, compressed
into a dense waterproof tile. They are
lightweight, durable (50-year warranty),
non-flammable and can be easilyrecycled. Workers should be protected
from material dust during construction.
Lightweight concrete tileroofs are
widely used in this area. Concrete
achieves a Class A fire rating (the highest
fire resistance rating) and is available in a
several different styles and colors.
Fiberglass shinglesare durable, fire
resistant, and inexpensive. Once in place,
there is little chance of the fibers
becoming airborne, but if cutting and
demolition are involved precautions
should be taken to avoid inhaling
particulate matter.
Metalroofs are durable, lightweight, fire
resistant, low maintenance, can contain
up to 100 percent recycled-content and
may be recycled if not coated with a
metallic substance.
Metal products have high-embodied
energy and entail hazardous
manufacturing practices; however, their
durability, recycled-content and
recyclability may significantly offset this.
Information should be obtained to
determine product durability in our coastal
environment.
Aluminum/steel panelroofing is
relatively lightweight, low maintenance,
durable, has high recycled content and
can resemble tile or shake roofs. It can
also be recycled at the end of its lifespan.
Materials and labor are moderately
expensive and the level of embodied
energy is high as it is for all metals.
Asphalt composition shinglesare
durable (some offer 40 year warranty),
fire resistant, inexpensive and can
contain recycled materials. However,
recyclability of this material is difficult.
Some manufacturers use fiberglass or an
organic fiber base to give the product
more flexibility and increase longevity.
This product is not recommended.
Asphalt is a petroleum-based product,
uses non-renewable resources, is highly
toxic, and pollutes during manufacture,
use, and disposal. There is an organic
asphalt roof available through Certain
Teed Corporation ((800) 441-9850) that
might be worth looking into.
MATERIALS: ROOFING
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Recycled glass
be used as a
substitute fo
gravel over a b
up roof.
M7
The first defense from the elements is the roofing material. There is a wide variety of
materials, styles, textures, and colors available.
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Cedar shakesare not recommended due to
the required use of old growth cedar trees,
which have been significantly depleted and
are very difficult to harvest efficiently. These
shingles are expensive, not as durable as
alternatives, and are susceptible to fire.
Some fire retardants that are applied may be
toxic.
Flat Roof Options:
Built-Up roofingis a necessary application
on flat or shallow sloping roofs. These roofing
systems are inexpensive to install, fairly easy
to repair and require periodic maintenance to
avoid water damage to the structure.
Membrane roofingmaterials are fairly new
on the market but show promise as a stable
product. They can be used on new and
remodel projects.
Recycled glasscan be used as a substitute
for gravel over a built up roof.
Alternative Products:
Majestic slate tilesare made from 100
percent recycled industrial rubber and plastic.
Eco-Shakeis made from 100 percent
recycled vinyl and reclaimed wood materials.The product offers a 50-year warranty, and a
Class A fire rating and may be recycled into
new Shakes after its lifetime.
Photovoltaic shinglesoffer protection from
weather elements plus the added benefit of
producing energy for the building.
Vegetation covered roofs, orgreen roofsas
they are popularly known, can help to
moderate interior environments, improve air
quality and are an innovative stormwatermanagement solution. These roofs may
improve the microclimate by cooling and
humidifying surrounding air. Due to the
planting there is also improved sound
absorption.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
M7
additional information1. Fiber cement shingles:
Fire Free (800) 347-3373
James Hardie Building Products (888) 542-7343
2. Lightweight concrete:
Monier Lifetile (949) 756-1605
3. Majestic slate tiles:
EcoStar, (800) 211-7170 or www.oikos.com/products/moisture/ecostar
Eternit, (800) 233-3155
4. Eco-Shake are available through: Re-New Wood, Inc (800) 420-7576
5. Photovoltaic shingles are available through: UniSolar Roofing Systems, San Diego (619) 625-2080
6. Local roofing product suppliers:
ABC Supply, (805) 957-1988
Sunshine Wholesale Roofing (805) 562-1101
7. Sarnafil, Downey, CA , (800) 268-0479 or www.sarnafilus.com/GreenRoofs
8. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
S1, E2, E7, H4, C5, C7, H7, W2, W4, L1, L2, L5
7/27/2019 3 Materials
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MATERIALS: ROOFING - CONSIDERATIONS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
M7aRecommendations:
1. Look for a product that offers durability, recyclability, and resource efficiency
2. Consider Fire Resistance. Many areas in Santa Barbara are prone to brush fires. Tile or
cementicious roofing products are naturally fire resistant materials. Be aware of fire
retardants applied to wood, as they may be toxic.
3. Color. Light colored roofs should be used wherever possible, as dark colors absorb heat
and increase cooling loads. Since lighter colors absorb less heat, less thermal
contraction and expansion occurs, resulting in a longer lasting roof. Always take into
account the context of the project for example; use earth tones in foothill areas to
minimize visual impact.
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Siding Options:
Wood fiber compositesidings achieve
a highly efficient use of wood fiber,
which is recovered from manufacturing
operations, and can replicate the
appearance of traditional solid wood
siding. Some brands have had problems
with moisture, but with careful
installation and diligent sealing this
material can be a good choice. This
products recyclability depends on the
glues/binders used, as with other
plywoods.
Fiber cementsiding is cost effective,
durable, resistant to moisture, termite
proof, offers a class A fire rating, and
requires low levels of energy to
manufacture. In addition, this siding maybe textured to replicate a wood-grain
appearance, and is available in panel,
plank, shingle and shake styles.
Workers should be protected from dust
particles when cutting.
Metalsiding is a material with a high
recycled-content that significantly offsets
its high-embodied energy level. Most
metal siding is durable, requires little
maintenance, is inexpensive and can be
recycled if not coated with a metallic
finish.
Stuccosiding is an exterior finish
available with a concrete or adobe base,
which has a low embodied energy level.
Many new versions are available that
combine synthetic fibers or acrylic
compounds into the base. This product
can be applied over many different
substraights.
Woodsiding is not a recommended
choice, as it is not very durable and
requires frequent maintenance. Solidwood siding is combustible, and
depletes reserves of cedar and redwood
forests. If wood products are used look
for sustainably harvested material.
MATERIALS: EXTERIOR SIDING
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Wood siding is
a recommende
choice, as it is
very durable arequires freque
maintenance.
M8
Like roofing, the exterior siding of a building must withstand elements. Many of the same
products for roofing can also be applied as siding. Choosing a siding with high durability,
low maintenance, recyclability and attractiveness is important. There are many options
available today that meet all these criteria.
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Vinylsiding is not recommended. It offers
moderate durability, has a high-embodied
energy content and requires frequent
maintenance. Some versions of this siding
contain a small amount of post-industrial
scrap, however vinyl siding is currently not
recyclable after use. In addition, there are
significant environmental and health
concerns associated with the use of PVC's,
used in the manufacture of vinyl siding.
Earthen Material Options:
Rammed Earth, adobe and stone masonry
walls are examples of a single material
serving multiple uses. These structures
must be designed by a structural engineer.
These materials have natural qualities that
make them superior choices for moderating
the interior temperature of the building.
In addition to natural stone walls, broken or
demolished sidewalks (also called urbanite)
can be used in much the same fashion and
diverts material from the landfill, however,
an insulation break must be achieved
between interior and exterior to prevent
thermal transfer through wall.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Wood fiber composite siding: Weyerhaeser Choice Trim (800) 417-3674
Masonite Corporation, MiraTec (800) 826-6503
Masonite Building Siding, (312) 750-0900
Collins Products, LLC, TruWood (800) 417-3674
2. Fiber cement siding:Fire Free (800) 347-3373
James Hardie Building Products (888) 542-7343
3. Metal siding:
Sure Built, Inc., Stockton (209) 460-1400 or www.surebuilt.com
4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
M5, H4, W1, W4, L3, L5, L7
M8
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Options for window glazing:
Double glassshould be used in
residential construction. Single panes
are less energy efficient, whereas the
cost of triple panes outweigh their
performance in this area. The choice is
not as straight forward in commercial
buildings as much heat is internally
generated by lights and inhabitants.
Single pane glazing may perform only
slightly worse than double, depending
on orientation.
Low emissivity reflective film(Low-E)
can be applied to glass windows to
reflect heat into the building or away
from it, while still allowing visible light
through. This should be used according
to solar orientation.
Vista Glareis a manufactured product
name of a film applied to the glass used
to reduce UV glare.
Gas filled windowshave argon or other
gases between their panes of glass,
which lowers the conductivity through
the glass. Users of this method should
use caution and check with the
manufacturer as the elevation of product
assembly may differ from the project
location and adversely affect the
windows during transport, due to
pressure change. Also, if you are in adrier area of the County, seals may
contract over time allowing gas to
escape, compromising the performance
of this type of glazing.
Electrochromic(EC) windows are
currently being developed that change
light transmission levels based upon
changes in sunlight or interior
temperatures. An electrical charge is
employedeither automatically or
manuallyto change windows from
clear to heavily tinted. Look for these to
become commercially available in 2003.
MATERIALS: WINDOWS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Steel/Aluminu
frames are the l
efficient fram
available, as tmetal is a condu
of heat and col
M9W
indows have a
tremendous influence on
the character, thermal comfort
and energy consumption of a
building. A window that is
properly designed and oriented
reduces reliance on mechanical
means of heating and cooling by
allowing for natural ventilation
and heat gain when needed. In
addition, windows provide
natural daylighting, which affects
interior aesthetics and reduces
the need for artificial light.
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Window Frames Options:
Woodframes are available clad in aluminum,
vinyl, or fiberglass. The wood core provides
thermal efficiency and an attractive interior finish,
while the exterior cladding offers durability andlow maintenance. Check to see if sustainably
harvested wood frames, recycled content
cladding and recycled glass were used.
Fiberglassframes are thermally efficient and
stable. Fiberglass is energy intensive to produce
but its durability may outweigh the initial energy
use. There are options available with pre-painted
finishes in addition to a wood veneer that can be
stained on the interior. This option can provide
the feel and look of solid wood. The wood
veneer windows tend to be quite expensive and
the painted option tends to be about 10 to 20
percent more than vinyl windows.
Solid woodframes provide a good thermal break
between the interior and exterior. Finger-jointed
and sustainably harvested wood frames are
available through some manufacturers. If
staining is required, frames are available with
attractive surface veneers. Wood frames require
regular maintenance, but will perform well when
properly primed and painted.
Vinylframes. Vinyl is a low conductive material
that is durable and can provide the same profiles
as wood. Vinyl windows are typically less
expensive than other types of windows.
However, vinyl contains chlorine, which may
pose health hazards. These frames typically
come with integral colors that eliminate the need
for painting and maintenance, although wood
veneers are available for staining if desired.
Steel/Aluminumframes are the least efficient
frames available, as the metal is a conductor of
heat and cold. If you are thinking of using metal
frame windows, make sure the frames are
thermally broken, to prevent transfer of heat or
cold. These frames are durable, come with
factory color finish, and may contain some
recycled content, but require a large amount of
energy to produce, and require periodic
maintenance of window beading, if putty is used
as with many steel window varieties.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Low-Ereflective film:
Hawk Retrofit, Inc. (301) 858-7127 or www.hawkretrofit.com
2. Vista Glare is available through LivinGreen (805) 966-1319
3. Wood, fiberglass and vinyl frames:
Pacific Timber Products (carries Eagle windows), (805) 962-2202
Hayward Lumber (carries Andersen & Milgard windows) (805) 963-1881Pella Store, Santa Barbara, (805) 683-5754
4. Steel frames:
Hopes Steel Windows, New York (716) 665-5124
Torrance Steel Windows, Torrance (310) 328-9181
Kawneer, Visalia, (209) 651-4000
5. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
E1, E2, E3, W1, L1, L2, L3, L4, L8, L9, L10, L13
M9
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MATERIALS: WINDOWS - CONSIDERATIONS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
M9aRecommendations:
1. Purchase the highest quality windows your budget will allow, as this option is usually
more energy efficient and more durable in the long run. It is one of the most important
investments you can make in a building project.
2. Different glazing strategies apply to different compass orientations. For example, use
low-E on west facing glazing where the sun is most severe. The idea here is to put the
most efficient window where it does the most good.
3. If you have single paned wood windows, retrofit with insulating glass and refurbished
frames. This doesn't require new manufacturing and creates less waste.
4. Consider salvage yards and manufacturers seconds for the solid wood windows that
you want. Be aware that many older windows are not energy efficient due to single
glazing and poor weather-stripping and may hinder energy saving efforts.
5. If replacing existing windows, recycle them. Andersen Windows
(www.andersenwindows.com, (651) 264-5150) has a program that recycles every portion
of old windows possible and reclaims lead paint that may have been used. Reclaimed
materials are used in new products.
6. Weather strip existing windows and, if purchasing new, pay attention to the air infiltration
rating.
7. Consider using retractable solar screens at windows to control solar heat gain. A local
source: Wayne Pendrey Construction (800) 817-8905.
8. For a small fee, an energy consultant can model different options and scenarios for your
project to determine how the building will perform from an energy standpoint.
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Options for Door Construction:
Wood veneersare available for doors
that provide a beautiful look and the feel
of clear grain wood without using solid
material. Some manufacturers may use
Lauan, a mahogany found in the
Philippines, especially on garage doors.
According to Architects, Designers and
Planners for Social Responsibility
(ADPSR), the use of this material
results in deforestation of tropical
forests.
Pressed board veneersare available
that are made of Masonite, a natural
wood dust. These veneers are bonded
by high pressure without additional
glues thereby avoiding off-gassing.
These are only appropriate for interior
doors and are available at most
lumberyards.
Steel skindoors are durable, available
in a range of styles, colors and now
available in a simulated wood grain with
realistic coloring. Many of these doors
contain a foam core that provides good
insulation.
Fiberglass reinforced plasticdoors
are corrosion resistant, lightweight,
impact resistant, insulated, waterproof
and seamless. Many styles are
available and today there are fiberglass
molds available that replicate the
texture of traditional solid wood doors.
Clad framesachieve the best
combination of wood and aluminum,
vinyl, or fiberglass. The wood core
provides thermal efficiency and
aesthetic appeal to the interior, while the
exterior clad surface provides durability
and low maintenance.
MATERIALS: DOORS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
...the materia
and styles tha
doors are
constructed of ha tremendou
influence on t
character, ther
comfort and ene
consumption o
building.
M10
Doors share many
characteristics and
principles with windows. Like
windows, the materials and
styles that doors are
constructed of have a
tremendous influence on the
character, thermal comfort
and energy consumption of a
building. Doors that are
properly constructed and
installed can have a
significant impact on heating
and cooling costs.
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Solid steel/aluminumdoors are the least
efficient frames available, as the metal is a
conductor of heat and cold. These frames
are durable, come with factory color finish,
and may contain some recycled content, but
require a large amount of energy to
produce, and require periodic maintenance
of window beading, if putty is used.
Solid wooddoors are not recommended,
unless sustainably harvested woods or re-
claimed doors or lumber is used. Check with
salvage yards and materials exchanges;
many times salvaged, quality hardwood
doors can be obtained at competitive prices.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Wood veneer doors:
Saroyan Architectural Legacy Collection (800) 624-9309
For additional information, visit www.woodveneers.com
2. Steel skin doors:
Steelcraft (800) 243-9780Ceco Door Products (615) 661-5030
3. Fiberglass reinforced plastic doors: Therma-Tru (800) 537-8827
FRP Doors, LP (800-880-8306
ChemPruf Door Co, LTD (800) 444-6924
4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
M1, W2, W4
M10
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MATERIALS: DOORS - CONSIDERATIONS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
M10Recommendations:
1. When using glazed doors use dual glazing.
2. Purchase the highest quality doors your budget will allow, as this option is usually more
energy efficient and more durable in the long run.
3. Look in salvage yards and manufacturer seconds for the solid wood doors that you want.
Some sources: Habitat for Humanity ReStore Oxnard, (805) 981-2268 or Urban Ore,
Richmond (510) 232-7724.
4. Verify that the binders and glues used in the veneer doors are not urea-formaldehyde.
5. Use the best possible weather stripping.
6. For a small fee, an energy consultant can model different options and scenarios for your
project to determine how the building will perform energy-wise.
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Options for Insulation
Cellulose insulationis a blown in
product that contains 75 to 80
percent recycled newspapers and
telephone books. This product maybe applied in loose fill or wet spray
and is a good product for filling the
gaps in framing. This product has R-
values of approximately 3 to 4 per
inch.
NOTE: Chemical insecticides, fungicides, fire
retardant and the newspaper inks
themselves can be toxic, so caution must be
used during installation. Additionally, some
chemicals may off gas for long periods of
time and there are health risks to both thebuilding occupants and the installers of this
product.
Icyneneis a sprayed foam insulation
made from petroleum that creates very
little pollution during its manufacture or
installation. The R-value is 3.6 per inch;
it adheres well to most materials, and is
flexible so that it remains airtight with
seasonal building movement. Icynene
contains no formaldehyde, is non-corrosive, and no VOCs are detectable
after 30 days of curing. This product can
also be installed in existing wall cavities
for retrofit projects. Icynene has been
certified as contributing to improved
indoor air quality.
Silicate foamorAir Kreteis a blown-in
wet insulation. The R-value of this
product is 3.9 per inch. Evaluated as the
least toxic insulation on the market
today, according to ADPSR, this productis effective at filling air gaps, uses no
CFCs or HCFCs, and has low VOCs.
Cost is comparatively higher.
NOTE: Although it is lightweight and non-
combustible, Air Krete is friable, so caution
should be taken when working with dried
product to avoid inhaling dust.
Mineral woolinsulation. Mineral wool
insulation is composed of rock or slag
wool, a by-product of steel production.This is a durable, fire resistant material
with varying levels of embodied energy
and an R-value between 3 and 4 per
inch. This product was commonly used
until fiberglass was introduced in the
60's and 70's.
MATERIALS: INSULATION
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Cotton insulati
made from 9
percent post
industrial was(blue jeans an
cotton t-shirts).
an ideal product
chemically sensi
people.
M11I
nsulation is an integral part of any
comfortable, energy-efficient building.
Factors to consider when choosing an
insulation material include resistance to
heat flow (R-value) resistance to air
infiltration, cost, toxicity, resistance to
moisture and rot, fire resistance, and
availability.
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Cottoninsulation is a relatively new product on
the market. It may be either installed in spray
form or as batts. It has an R-value between 3
and 3.7 per inch and is made from 95 percent
post-industrial waste (blue jeans and cotton t-
shirts). It is an ideal product for chemically
sensitive people.
Fiberglassinsulation is the most commonly used
insulation material today and has an R-value of
approximately 3.4 per inch. This product, by law,
must contain 20 percent recycled content.
However, its overall energy production
requirements are high, it is not very recyclable at
the end of its useful life, and there are potential
health hazards associated with its installation.
If fiberglass insulation is used it should be either
encapsulated in plastic or manufactured with
longer, curled fibers, both of which pose fewer
installation hazards.
Other Beneficial Products
Reflective foilor radiant barriers are thin sheets
of foil made of recycled aluminum with the intent
to reflect radiant heat away from or back into thebuilding. There are a couple of different products
available (i.e., reflective bubble wrap, foam core
wrap and reinforced foil). They are effective, but
are best used when accompanying insulation
and not as a substitute.
Ventilation bafflescan be installed between
the roof rafters in vaulted (attic-less) ceilings
before insulation is applied. These baffles create
an air channel between the top of insulation and
the underside of roof sheathing thereby allowing
air to flow in the roof cavity to prevent moisture
buildup. This extends the life of roof framing and
provides a way for heat to escape. This may not
be permitted in high fire areas.
NOTE: Check with local insulation companies for
availability of these products. Demand will help to
stimulate increased local options.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Santa Barbara Insulation, (805) 965-4962
2. Cellulose insulation:
Green Stone Industries (888) 592-7684
3. Icynene:
Contact Icynene, Inc. for certified local installers, (800) 758-7325
4. Air Krete:
Palmer Industries (301) 898-7848
5. Mineral wool insulation:
American Rockwell, Inc. (800.334.0394).
6. Fiberglass insulation:CertainTeed Corp. (800) 233-8990
John Mansville (800) 654-3103
7. Reflective foil:
The Home Improvement Center/ Real Goods (800) 762-7325
Superior Radiant Insulation, San Dimas (888) 774-4422
8. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
E2, E4, E6, H3, H4, L6, L10
M11
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Plasteris the traditional wall surface
found in older buildings. It can be
applied to almost any base material.
Pigments can be worked into the final
coat in lieu of painting.
Wallboardhas largely taken the place
of traditional plaster walls because of its
price and ease of installation. It is a
gypsum product often faced with
recycled paper. Any waste scraps of this
product may be recycled to make more
wallboard. Locally the Santa Barbara
County South Coast Transfer Station
and MarBorg Industries both accept new
gypsum wallboard scrap for recycling.
Greenboardis a gypsum board product
intended for wet areas, such as under
tile or in bathrooms. These sheets arestronger and more resistant to water
than typical gypsum board but will off
gas due to some asphalt content. The
sheets should be allowed to vent prior to
installation.
United States Gypsum Corporation
(USG) manufactures many different
gypsum wallboard products for specific
uses, such as typical wallboard, green
board and reinforced wallboard for high
abuse areas. Using the right product for
the job helps to reduce frequent
replacement of material.
MATERIALS: INTERIOR
PLASTER & WALL BOARD
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Wallboard ha
largely taken t
place of traditio
plaster wallsbecause of its p
and ease of
installation.
M12
Finishes include a large array of products and materials. Due to direct contact with
building occupants the contents and potential health effects of finishes require rigorous
evaluation. The 'less is better' principle should be kept in mind while choosing finishes. If onematerial can perform the role of two or more, that material should be given preference.
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32/46THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Gypsum wallboard recycling:
Santa Barbara County South Coast Transfer Station (805) 681-4335
MarBorg Industries (805) 963-1852
2. Greenboard:
United States Gypsum Corporation (312) 606-4065
3. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
S1, H4, W3, W4, L2
M12
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Options include:
Water based latexpaints with low or no
VOC's. These products are odor free
and help to keep the indoor air free of
VOCs. These low or no VOC paints are
available through most major
manufacturers.
Lime washis a zero VOC lime-based
coating blended with natural pigments
designed to mottle to an aged and
natural weathered effect immediately.
The lime allows the building to breathe
and moisture in walls is able to transpire
into the atmosphere.
Milkpaint is another zero VOC
alternative that has a long history of use.
The protein in milk is water-soluble, yet
dries to a hard finish that is durable and
will not fade.
Recycledpaints are available at no cost
through the UCSB Hazardous Waste
Collection Center, call (805) 893-7250
for availability and hours of operation.
The purpose of this service is to use
discarded paint.
Low-orno-biocidepaints.
Oil basedpaints with low VOC.
Plant or mineral basedpaints. See
www.built-e.com, paints and finishes for
a wide range of plant-based & low VOC
alternatives.
As a paint alternative, consider plaster
with an intregal color, thus eliminating
the use of paint altogether. Veneer
plaster is available in most hardware
stores.
MATERIALS: INTERIOR PAINTS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
As a paint
alternative,
consider plast
with an intregcolor, thus
eliminating the
of paint
altogether.
M13
M
ost people are aware of outdoor air pollution and its effects on our health, but many are
not aware that indoor air may be 2 to 5 times more heavily contaminated. Due to thedirect contact and high concentration of potentially hazardous materials in our homes and
offices, special attention should be paid to the treatment of our surfaces.
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34/46THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Water based latex paints:
Frazee Paints (805) 962-0051
Benjamin Moore Paints (805.962.6640).
2. Lime wash and milkpaint :
Decorative Protective Coatings (carries limewash and milk paint) (805) 963-3126
Old Fashioned Milk Paint Co. (508) 448-6336
3. Low- or no-biocide paints:
AFM Enterprises, 619) 239-0321or www.afmsafecoat.com
Best Paint Co. (206) 783-9938
ChemSafe Products, (210) 657-5321 or www.environproducts.com
Livos Phytochemistry, (508) 477-7955 or www.livos.com
4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
S7, M1, H4, H6, H7, W3, L3, L5, L7, L11
M13
Recommendations:
1. Select paints with low or no VOCs.
2. Do not select paints with formaldehydes and heavy metals.
3. In older buildings, be cautious of existing lead paint. Self-testing kits are available, or testing
companies can determine if existing paints are hazardous and can direct you in the proper handling or
removal procedures. See regulations CAL-OSHA, USEPA, etc, websites and advisory hotlines are
available. A list of certified testing labs is available from the local health department.
4. Chemically sensitive people may still react to natural paints.
5. Dispose of used paints at the Hazardous Waste collection center on the UCSB campus. Contact the
Community Environmental Council for information on materials accepted and hours of operation (805
963-0583).
6. Never pour any paint down sink drains or street gutters.
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Millwork
Sustainably harvestedwood products
should be used. Look and ask for the
FSC certification at your local
Lumberyard.
Medium density fiberboard(MDF) is a
stable and economical material made of
wood fibers compressed together. This
material works well for paint grade
applications and is available in many
historic moldings.
Reclaimedwood that has been removed
from existing buildings is a sustainable
alternative to virgin lumber. This can be
obtained at salvage yards and materials
exchange programs.
Finger-jointedwood for use when the
trim is to be painted. This wood uses
small scrap pieces of wood and joins
them to create straighter solid pieces of
wood.
Non-wood polystyrenetrim and formed
polymer resincan be custom cut to any
shape. This material exists on many
buildings in Santa Barbara as a base for
decorative exterior moldings. These
products can be used on the interior as
well, they do not splinter, are often
lighter than wood, and are not subject to
insects and decay.
Cabinetry
Medium Density Fiberboard(MDF) is a
stable material made of wood fibers
compressed together. Medite
Corporation is one brand of
particleboard that uses a non-toxic
binder.
Agricultural composite boardare
made from agriculture by-products such
as wheat, straw, and sunflower seed
husks. They are non-toxic, use emissionfree binding agents, are lighter in weight
than wood particleboard, and meet or
exceed the standards for highest grade
particleboard.
MATERIALS: INTERIOR
MILLWORK & CABINETRY
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Reclaimed wo
that has bee
removed from
existing buildinga sustainable
alternative to vi
lumber.
M14
Trim has typically been made of traditionally harvested solid wood. Today other options
are available. These include:
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Certified hardwood veneer panelstypically
use a wheatboard core and panel veneers
made from certified sustainably harvested
sources.
Bamboois a quickly regenerating weed that
is both durable and beautiful. Cabinetry can
be made from bamboo plywood sheets.
Bamboo is cost competitive as a flooring
material, but somewhat more costly as a
sheet materials.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Medium density fiberboard:Saroyan Lumber Company (323) 589-5704
Medite Division of SierraPine Ltd, Roseville (800) 676-3339
2. Reclaimed wood:
BDs Enterprises, Oxnard (805) 984-2842
Maxwell Pacific, Malibu (310) 457-4533
Habitat for Humanity ReStore, Oxnard (805) 485-6065
3. Polystyrene trim and formed polymer resin:
HydroFoam, Santa Barbara (805) 886-1123
Higgins Lumber, Santa Maria (800) 241-1883
4. AgriBoard:
LivinGreen, Santa Barbara (805) 966-1319
United Board Group (manufacturer), (701) 642-9700
5. Certified hardwood veneer panels:
Architectural Forest Enterprises (manufacturer), San Francisco (800) 483-6337
6. Bamboo:
LivinGreen (805) 966-1319
7. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
M1, H4, H6, W2, L3, L6, L10
M14
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Fabrics
Hempfabrics are an alternative to cotton
and linen. Hemp grows very quickly,
requires no pesticides or fertilizers and
replenishes rather than depletes the soil.
Compared to cotton fibers, hemp fibers
are stronger, more lustrous and are
more mildew resistant. The product is
versatile and can be woven as a sturdy
upholstery or even a sheer window
covering. Selection and availability is
limited.
Organic cottonis grown without the use
of pesticides or chemical fertilizers, in
fertile soils that are kept healthy through
composting and crop rotation. Because
it is produced on a smaller scale, the
fabric is more expensive and fewer color
options are available.
Natural color cottonis naturally
pigmented and does not require
bleaching or dying. Colors range from
shades of brown or reddish brown to
green and yellow.
Green cottonis a marketing term that is
used to describe cotton that has not
been bleached, but is grown in the
conventional manner. It does not have
the environmental benefits of organic
cotton.
Ramiecomes from a linen-like plant and
when combined with wool, is used in
environmentally preferred commercial
fabrics. It is one of the strongest natural
fibers and exhibits even greater strength
when wet.
MATERIALS: INTERIOR
FABRICS, WINDOW AND WALL COVERINGS
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Hemp grows v
quickly, require
pesticides or
fertilizers anreplenishes rat
than depletes t
soil .
M15
Everything we add to our buildings has a potential effect on the health of the occupants.
Fabrics on pillows, bedding, and furniture as well as our window and wall coverings
should be a concern. Products not made from petroleum-based resources create the
healthiest interior environment.
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Synthetic fabrics, made of 100 percent
post-consumer or post-industrial materia,
can be used in green commercial interiors.
These fabrics are made with increasingly
sustainable manufacturing processes and
produce a high quality product that is
recyclable or compostable after its useful
life. The fabrics are certified by an
independent environmental institution and
are available through local fabric and
upholstery stores.
Window Coverings
Bamboo window shadesare a natural
product that offers good sun protection.
They are available in many different styles
and looks.
Natural cottonfabrics can be used for
window shades as well. These fabrics are
available from most window treatment
retailers.
NOTE: Consult with your interior designer
regarding availability of these and other
environmentally preferable fabrics.
Wall Coverings
Consider natural wall coverings that contain
grasses, bamboo, recycled wood, paper
and/or cotton and silk fibers. Wall coverings
should be avoided if possible due to
potential off-gassing from petroleum basedproducts and glues used in their
manufacture.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Natural and organic fabrics:
LivinGreen (805) 966-1319
Real Goods Catalog (800) 762-7325
Harmony Catalog (800) 869-3446
Foxfire colored cotton, www.foxfibre.com
2. Websites for green commercial fabrics:
www.greendesign.net/bcnews/julaug96/greenfab.htm
www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~ohioline/hyg-fact/5000/5501.html
3. Bamboo shades:
Smith and Noble is a mail order catalog that offers some varieties (877) 484-5801
See also www.1stblinds.com
4. Natural wall coverings:
LivinGreen (805.966-1319).
Design Materials, Inc (No-flame Sisal wallcoverings) (800) 654-6451
Organic Cotton Wallpaper ( San Diego) (619) 338-9432
5. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
E2, H4, L10, L11
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Flooring Options
Bare concrete slabsoffer multiple
benefits. They provide durable, easily
cleaned surfaces, and are a great
source of thermal mass. They can also
be beautiful finished floors. If left
exposed, slabs should be sealed.
Concrete slabs can be colored, scored
and textured to create interesting
patterns and combine well with radiant
floor heating systems.
Natural stoneorrecycled glass tiles
are excellent choices for durable low
maintenance flooring. Use low-toxic
grouts, mortars, adhesives and sealers
to get the most out of this healthy
product. Tile flooring is another excellent
choice for thermal mass.
Bio-compositeflooring is composed of
natural ingredients such as soybeans
and agriculture by-products. No
petroleum-based binders are used and
there is no formaldehyde off gassing. It
is durable, 1.5x the hardness of oak,
and easy to maintain. It may be polished
and patterned. Can be used on either
floors or countertops.
Lightweight concretecan be
manufactured in variety of colors and
almost any additional material can be
added to the mix, for texture. The
material is then ground smooth for a
look much like terrazzo. Can be used on
either floors or countertops.
Terrazzois a highly durable surface that
can be textured with different colors and
can be cast in almost any floor design.
This material was popular in the 50s
and the 60s and can still be found in the
occasional storefront entry way. This
product is essentially a concrete that
has been ground and polished.
MATERIALS: HARD FLOORING
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Bio-composit
flooring is comp
of natural
ingredients such
soybeans and
agriculture by
products.
M16
Flooring in our buildings can have a dramatic affect on the health of our indoor
environment. Flooring is subject to an enormous amount of impact, so durability is a key
issue. We should also choose flooring that is resource efficient, and does not use chemicals
that off gas.
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Terratileis a handmade cast-in-place
product consisting of clay soil and Portland
cement. This product is poured in place and
stamped to look like tile or can be finished in
other textures. Color can be modified by
varying the soil ratio mix. This flooring is
durable, natural and has a high thermal
capacity, but should be finished with
products that allow vapor transpiration while
remaining waterproof.
Royal peasantfloors (also refered to as
cob) can be created using readily available,
natural materials. Made of sand, clay and
fermented diced straw, it is soft, durable,
economical and can be applied over slab or
wood subfloor. It has great thermal capacity
as well and should be finished with natural
oils or waxes.
Woodfloors are durable, aesthetically
pleasing and easy to maintain. There are
many sustainable options:
- Reclaimed wood flooring is economical
but often needs a glued installation.
- Sustainably harvested wood flooring.
- Bamboo flooring is hard, durable and
looks like wood, but being a grass, is fast
growing and quickly renewable.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Natural and recycled tiles:
Sandhill Industries, (907) 451-6508 or www.sandhill.com
The National Terrazzo & Mosaic Association, Inc. www.ntma.com
Terragreen, www.terragreencaramics.com
LivinGreen (805) 966-1319
2. Reclaimed wood:
Maxwell Pacific, Malibu (310) 457-4533
VCMAX Ventura County Material Exchange, www.rain/~swmd/vcmax
3. For information on bamboo as a building material: Bamboo Style Living with Bamboo Indoors & Outdoors ,
available through Gibbs Smith Publishers, (800) 748-5439 or www.gibbs-smith.com
4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
H1, H4, H6, W1, W2, W3, W4, L1, L6, L10
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Carpet options:
Recycled-content carpetis now made
from plastic bottles, wool or cotton, as
well as used carpet. These carpets are
often more stain resistant than
conventional nylon carpet, and save
resources by diverting waste from
landfills.
Carpet tilesare available for
commercial use. These allow for easy
replacement of small worn or damaged
areas or placement swapping with
lesser-traveled swatches.
Carpet leasingis another commercial
option that requires manufacturers to
carry responsibility for maintenance,
replacement and recycling after use.
Sisal, coir,jute, seagrassand woolare
rapidly renewable materials available for
use in mats or carpets. They are strong,
durable, and do not require pesticides or
fertilizers to grow. The benefit of using
mats is that they can be easily removed
for more thorough cleaning.
Carpet pad and underlayments:
Recycled-content paddingmay
contain tire rubber, textiles, or foam,
which diverts materials destined for
landfills. It can be used in both interior
and exterior floorings. Such
underlayments are dense, durable, and
have a long life expectancy. Be aware of
potential off gassing, as there are
associated health risks.
Durable flooring options:
Natural Linoleumis comprised of cork,
wood fiber and linseed oil. It is a durable
product, lasting 40 years or more and is
available in a variety of colors. It is
abrasion resistant, thus reducing the
need for frequent replacement, and it
outlasts vinyl flooring by 15 to 25 years.
Corkis a lightweight, fire resistant,
moisture and rot resistant flooring
material that is also a great sound
insulator. Choose sustainably harvested
cork with no toxic finishes.
MATERIALS: FLOOR COVERING
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Recycled carp
are often mor
stain resistant t
conventional ny
carpet and sa
resources by
diverting was
from landfills
M17
Floor coverings are available today that are manufactured from a range of recycled and
non-toxic materials. Carpet traps dust, molds, bacteria and needs frequent replacement.
Moreover, used carpet accounts for a large percentage of waste in our landfills and some
synthetic carpets can take more than 100 years to biodegrade, if at all.
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Vinyl/Rubberflooring is made mostly of
PVC. Though manufacture of these
products is extremely toxic, rubber flooring
is often made from recycled tires and makes
for a durable floor. Off gassing is associated
with both of these products and therefore
installation areas should be well ventilated.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Natural carpet sources:
Naturlich/Natural Home, Sebastol (707) 824-0914
Interface (800) 336-0225
Milliken Carpet (800) 241-4826
Dupont Carpet Reclamation (800) 328-7719
Natural Floorcoverings (707) 824-0914), www.naturalhomeproducts.com
2. Recycled carpet padding sources:
Dura Undercushions, Ltd (800) 295-4126
Reliance Carpet Cushion Division in Oakland manufactures carpet pads made from pre-consumer textile
waste fibers and recycled carpet fibers (800) 533-5908
3. Durable flooring sources:
Forbo Industries (natural linoleum), (800) 342-0604
Dodge-Regupol (cork and vinyl), (800) 322-1923 or www.regupal.com
Natural Cork, (800) 404-2675 or www.naturalcork.com
4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
H4, H6, W2, W4, L1, L2, L3, L11
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Site
Recycled rubberproducts make use of
millions of used tires deposited in
landfills every year. Presently, recycled
rubber is used most commonly for the
tire stops that are found in many parking
lots. This product is easily installed with
hammered stakes and takes the place of
heavy concrete stops. Some
manufacturers also offer speed bumps
and dock bumpers made from the same
recycled material.
Permeable pavingsystems are
available that allow water to stay on siterather than flow to our streets and
ultimately to the ocean.
Fencing & Poles
Bamboo, a non-wood substitute that is
actually a weed, is a strong product that
is resistant to decay, and can be
assembled in a variety of ways.
Plastic lumber
Plastic lumberpieces can be used for
furniture and fence designs, but because
of their high weight and low strength;
conventional lumber is required for the
structural systems when they are used
on decks. These products can also be
used for railing, fencing and landscape
edging if the correct support structure is
constructed.
Plastic compositemembers have been
developed to take the place of wood for
outdoor decks. Decks constructed from
plastic composite never need sanding,finishing or sealing and do not give off
splinters. They are durable and come in
a variety of textures, colors and material
composition.
MATERIALS: MISCELANEOUS BUILDING
ELEMENTS & OPPORTUNITIES
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
Locally and
statewide there
material exchan
programs that mhave the very
products you a
looking for.
M18
There are a variety of products available that aim to reduce our use of resources and
make use of waste otherwise headed for our landfills. Locally and statewide there are
material exchange programs that may have the very products you are looking for. The Santa
Barbara News Press contains a material exchange section, every Wednesday in the
Classifieds. Sponsored by the Santa Barbara Contractors Association and The Sustainability
Project, listings are free. In Ventura, VCMAX, the Ventura County Material Exchange
program, offers a variety of materials ( 805) 684-9226, www.rain.org/~swmd/vcmax).
CALMAX is a statewide material exchange program. Call (916) 255-2369 to request a
catalog, or visit their website at www.ciwmb.ca.gov/calmax.
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Interior Partition Walls
Demountable partitionsare an alternative
to framed stud walls in interior office
environments. These walls come in sectionswith gypsum board on each side of a steel
channel structure. The panels are easily
moved and installed in top and bottom
tracks fastened to the floor and ceiling.
Manufacturers offer the walls in different
textures and colors, but they can also be
painted. The benefits are speed of
installation and ease of relocation.
Sound & Tack Boards
Homesoteis a 100 percent recycled product
made of recycled waste paper. It is
formaldehyde free and is designed for useas a carpet underlayment for sound
deadening but may be used as a tackboard
on vertical surfaces as well.
THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001
additional information
1. Bamboo:
Available through LivinGreen (805) 966-1319
2. Plastic lumber:
Trex (800) 289-8739
Hayward Lumber (carries bothTrex and Nexwood plastic lumber) (805) 963-1881
3. Recycled rubber:
Scientific Developments, Inc. (800) 824-6853
4. Permeable paving:
Air Vol, San Luis Obispo (805) 543-1314
5. Demountable partitions:
USG (714) 978-0901
Pacific Acoustics North (805) 963-1538
6. Homesote (manufacturer), (800) 257-9491
7. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject
related patterns
S7, H4, H6, W2, W4, L5, L6
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Green Building Materials Resources Generalhttp://www.oikios.com
Oikos offers a vast amount of information on environmentally responsible building construction. The site
includes a database of 1800 green building materials and a book store. This is an excellent site for
finding specific building materials.
http://www.greenbuilder.com
Online collections of information on alternative building techniques, materials and assistance. Contains
the city of Austins green builder program, Sustainable Building Sourcebook.
http://www.greenguide.com
Database of green building materials. This site is geared towards architects, builders and other design
and building professionals.
http://www.buildingforhealth.com
Healthy, environmental building materials, appliances and home comforts.
http://www.ioa.com/~shelterecology
Environmentally safe building and interior products/services
http://www.healthyhome.com
Natural and non-toxic materials for building/remodeling
Materials Resources Materials Exchanges
CALMAX
California Materials Exchange, (877) 520-9703 or www.ciwmb.ca.gov/calmax
Lists materials in a monthly publication that is distributed statewide and on-line.
Habitat for Humanity ReStore Ventura, (805) 485-6065 or www.habitat.org
Accepts donations of building materials of all kinds. Resold items profit Habitat for Humanitys housing
program for low income families. All donations are tax deductible. Retail facility is open on weekends
only.
Santa Barbara News Press Building Materials Exchange, (805) 963-4391 or FAX (805) 966-1421
Sponsored by the Santa Barbara County Contractors Association and TSP, building materials can be
listed for free and are advertised in a column in the classified section every Wednesday.
BDs Enterprises, (805) 984-2842 or [email protected]
Salvaged wood broker. Links used lumber sellers with buyers, preventing the need for material storageand marketing. Fees range widely, with the opportunity for profit with unique or quality materials.
RESOURCES
MR
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