1

Instrumentation Div OverviewVeljko Radeka

Contents outline1 Introduction2 ldquoRoadmaprdquo

3 Instr contributions to BNL science and activity areas(a partial list of key items)

4 Instr core technologies

5 Evolution of core technologies and adaptation to the Lab science programs

6 Examples of ldquoreturn on investmentrdquo in RampD in instrumentation 7 Ingredients of success What is essential in successful

instrumentation developments for specific programs8 Present resources and needs

- staff- computer based tools- facility renovation- capital equipment (GPE)

2

3

BNL Core Competencies and Major ActivitiesInitiatives

4

3 Instr contributions to BNL science and activity areas

Instr core competencies are a part of BNL core competencies1 Accel Instr Detectors2 Synchrotron Science3 Imaging Radiotracers4 Computation5 Complex and Nano Materials

Mission ldquoTo develop state-of-the art instrumentation required for experimental research programs at BNLrdquoOur goal to make the Lab scientists and science programs more competititve

5

RampD for RHIC upgradesbull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to

existing RHIC systemsndash electronics for PHENIX time expansion chamber event

builder timing system and slow controls network ndash STAR silicon vertex detectorndash beam position monitor dets + readout electronicsndash CCD imager for hydrogen jet luminescence monitorndash detectors and electronics for CNI polarimeter

bull Instrumentation thrust will be in RHIC detectoraccelerator upgrades

ndash electronics for PHENIX Hadron Blind Detectorndash 2D position sensitive stripixel detector for

PHENIX vertex trackerndash detector and electronics designs for PHENIX

nosecone calorimeterndash sensitivity upgrade to H2 jet luminescence

monitor

bull Instrumentation staff facilities and expertise provide a resource for RHIC researchers involved in future upgrades

ndash gas and silicon detector simulation characterization and processing

ndash analog and digital electronics designndash advanced printed circuit and wirebonding facility

Nosecone calorimeter

Hadron blind detector

Single-sided 2D stripixel detector for VTX

g

Instr staff 19 (small fractions of FTEs with different expertise)

6

Temporal shaping of laser

Photocathode and Laser Technology for RHIC Present and FutureFuture RHIC programs require high current electron beams gt 50 mA (unpolarized e) for e-cooler and ~05 A (polarized e) for e-RHIC

Accurate assessment of spin polarization of the proton beam is important for various RHICprograms Optical imaging of the heavy ion and proton beams would provide a bettermeasurement of beam emittance and RHIC beam profile

The thrust of Instr efforts in this area will be inbull Research on Multialkali GaAs and Diamond

amplified high current photocathodesbull Optical imaging of hydrogen jetbull Optical imaging of Au and proton beamsbullLaser beam shaping for ERL e-cooler amp e-RHIC

Collaboration with CAD and AES

Instr staff 7

7

Time

Drift direction

Edrift ~ 500 Vcm

mip ionization ~ 6000 e‐mm

Liquid Argon TPC for Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments and Nucleon Decay

Instr with Physics Dept is participating in a large scale (100 kton) liquid argon TPC study Demonstrate the feasibility of scaling

up by using cold electronics inside the LAr cryostat

Design the TPC field cage and wire planes to ensure uniform drift field and efficient signal sensing

Develop high speed data acquisition system for the LAr TPC

To solve the scaling up problem of constructing large scale detectors we are developing low noise low power CMOS based ASICs capable of operating at LAr temperature that combine low noise amplification analogdigital storage multiplexed output while leveraging our expertise in cryogenic electronics and low noise low power CMOS ASIC designThis work expertise in addition to the work on water cerenkov detector should place our Physics Dept in a position of a strong and highly desirable partner in the long baseline neutrino program

Instr staff 15

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

2

3

BNL Core Competencies and Major ActivitiesInitiatives

4

3 Instr contributions to BNL science and activity areas

Instr core competencies are a part of BNL core competencies1 Accel Instr Detectors2 Synchrotron Science3 Imaging Radiotracers4 Computation5 Complex and Nano Materials

Mission ldquoTo develop state-of-the art instrumentation required for experimental research programs at BNLrdquoOur goal to make the Lab scientists and science programs more competititve

5

RampD for RHIC upgradesbull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to

existing RHIC systemsndash electronics for PHENIX time expansion chamber event

builder timing system and slow controls network ndash STAR silicon vertex detectorndash beam position monitor dets + readout electronicsndash CCD imager for hydrogen jet luminescence monitorndash detectors and electronics for CNI polarimeter

bull Instrumentation thrust will be in RHIC detectoraccelerator upgrades

ndash electronics for PHENIX Hadron Blind Detectorndash 2D position sensitive stripixel detector for

PHENIX vertex trackerndash detector and electronics designs for PHENIX

nosecone calorimeterndash sensitivity upgrade to H2 jet luminescence

monitor

bull Instrumentation staff facilities and expertise provide a resource for RHIC researchers involved in future upgrades

ndash gas and silicon detector simulation characterization and processing

ndash analog and digital electronics designndash advanced printed circuit and wirebonding facility

Nosecone calorimeter

Hadron blind detector

Single-sided 2D stripixel detector for VTX

g

Instr staff 19 (small fractions of FTEs with different expertise)

6

Temporal shaping of laser

Photocathode and Laser Technology for RHIC Present and FutureFuture RHIC programs require high current electron beams gt 50 mA (unpolarized e) for e-cooler and ~05 A (polarized e) for e-RHIC

Accurate assessment of spin polarization of the proton beam is important for various RHICprograms Optical imaging of the heavy ion and proton beams would provide a bettermeasurement of beam emittance and RHIC beam profile

The thrust of Instr efforts in this area will be inbull Research on Multialkali GaAs and Diamond

amplified high current photocathodesbull Optical imaging of hydrogen jetbull Optical imaging of Au and proton beamsbullLaser beam shaping for ERL e-cooler amp e-RHIC

Collaboration with CAD and AES

Instr staff 7

7

Time

Drift direction

Edrift ~ 500 Vcm

mip ionization ~ 6000 e‐mm

Liquid Argon TPC for Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments and Nucleon Decay

Instr with Physics Dept is participating in a large scale (100 kton) liquid argon TPC study Demonstrate the feasibility of scaling

up by using cold electronics inside the LAr cryostat

Design the TPC field cage and wire planes to ensure uniform drift field and efficient signal sensing

Develop high speed data acquisition system for the LAr TPC

To solve the scaling up problem of constructing large scale detectors we are developing low noise low power CMOS based ASICs capable of operating at LAr temperature that combine low noise amplification analogdigital storage multiplexed output while leveraging our expertise in cryogenic electronics and low noise low power CMOS ASIC designThis work expertise in addition to the work on water cerenkov detector should place our Physics Dept in a position of a strong and highly desirable partner in the long baseline neutrino program

Instr staff 15

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

3

BNL Core Competencies and Major ActivitiesInitiatives

4

3 Instr contributions to BNL science and activity areas

Instr core competencies are a part of BNL core competencies1 Accel Instr Detectors2 Synchrotron Science3 Imaging Radiotracers4 Computation5 Complex and Nano Materials

Mission ldquoTo develop state-of-the art instrumentation required for experimental research programs at BNLrdquoOur goal to make the Lab scientists and science programs more competititve

5

RampD for RHIC upgradesbull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to

existing RHIC systemsndash electronics for PHENIX time expansion chamber event

builder timing system and slow controls network ndash STAR silicon vertex detectorndash beam position monitor dets + readout electronicsndash CCD imager for hydrogen jet luminescence monitorndash detectors and electronics for CNI polarimeter

bull Instrumentation thrust will be in RHIC detectoraccelerator upgrades

ndash electronics for PHENIX Hadron Blind Detectorndash 2D position sensitive stripixel detector for

PHENIX vertex trackerndash detector and electronics designs for PHENIX

nosecone calorimeterndash sensitivity upgrade to H2 jet luminescence

monitor

bull Instrumentation staff facilities and expertise provide a resource for RHIC researchers involved in future upgrades

ndash gas and silicon detector simulation characterization and processing

ndash analog and digital electronics designndash advanced printed circuit and wirebonding facility

Nosecone calorimeter

Hadron blind detector

Single-sided 2D stripixel detector for VTX

g

Instr staff 19 (small fractions of FTEs with different expertise)

6

Temporal shaping of laser

Photocathode and Laser Technology for RHIC Present and FutureFuture RHIC programs require high current electron beams gt 50 mA (unpolarized e) for e-cooler and ~05 A (polarized e) for e-RHIC

Accurate assessment of spin polarization of the proton beam is important for various RHICprograms Optical imaging of the heavy ion and proton beams would provide a bettermeasurement of beam emittance and RHIC beam profile

The thrust of Instr efforts in this area will be inbull Research on Multialkali GaAs and Diamond

amplified high current photocathodesbull Optical imaging of hydrogen jetbull Optical imaging of Au and proton beamsbullLaser beam shaping for ERL e-cooler amp e-RHIC

Collaboration with CAD and AES

Instr staff 7

7

Time

Drift direction

Edrift ~ 500 Vcm

mip ionization ~ 6000 e‐mm

Liquid Argon TPC for Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments and Nucleon Decay

Instr with Physics Dept is participating in a large scale (100 kton) liquid argon TPC study Demonstrate the feasibility of scaling

up by using cold electronics inside the LAr cryostat

Design the TPC field cage and wire planes to ensure uniform drift field and efficient signal sensing

Develop high speed data acquisition system for the LAr TPC

To solve the scaling up problem of constructing large scale detectors we are developing low noise low power CMOS based ASICs capable of operating at LAr temperature that combine low noise amplification analogdigital storage multiplexed output while leveraging our expertise in cryogenic electronics and low noise low power CMOS ASIC designThis work expertise in addition to the work on water cerenkov detector should place our Physics Dept in a position of a strong and highly desirable partner in the long baseline neutrino program

Instr staff 15

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

4

3 Instr contributions to BNL science and activity areas

Instr core competencies are a part of BNL core competencies1 Accel Instr Detectors2 Synchrotron Science3 Imaging Radiotracers4 Computation5 Complex and Nano Materials

Mission ldquoTo develop state-of-the art instrumentation required for experimental research programs at BNLrdquoOur goal to make the Lab scientists and science programs more competititve

5

RampD for RHIC upgradesbull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to

existing RHIC systemsndash electronics for PHENIX time expansion chamber event

builder timing system and slow controls network ndash STAR silicon vertex detectorndash beam position monitor dets + readout electronicsndash CCD imager for hydrogen jet luminescence monitorndash detectors and electronics for CNI polarimeter

bull Instrumentation thrust will be in RHIC detectoraccelerator upgrades

ndash electronics for PHENIX Hadron Blind Detectorndash 2D position sensitive stripixel detector for

PHENIX vertex trackerndash detector and electronics designs for PHENIX

nosecone calorimeterndash sensitivity upgrade to H2 jet luminescence

monitor

bull Instrumentation staff facilities and expertise provide a resource for RHIC researchers involved in future upgrades

ndash gas and silicon detector simulation characterization and processing

ndash analog and digital electronics designndash advanced printed circuit and wirebonding facility

Nosecone calorimeter

Hadron blind detector

Single-sided 2D stripixel detector for VTX

g

Instr staff 19 (small fractions of FTEs with different expertise)

6

Temporal shaping of laser

Photocathode and Laser Technology for RHIC Present and FutureFuture RHIC programs require high current electron beams gt 50 mA (unpolarized e) for e-cooler and ~05 A (polarized e) for e-RHIC

Accurate assessment of spin polarization of the proton beam is important for various RHICprograms Optical imaging of the heavy ion and proton beams would provide a bettermeasurement of beam emittance and RHIC beam profile

The thrust of Instr efforts in this area will be inbull Research on Multialkali GaAs and Diamond

amplified high current photocathodesbull Optical imaging of hydrogen jetbull Optical imaging of Au and proton beamsbullLaser beam shaping for ERL e-cooler amp e-RHIC

Collaboration with CAD and AES

Instr staff 7

7

Time

Drift direction

Edrift ~ 500 Vcm

mip ionization ~ 6000 e‐mm

Liquid Argon TPC for Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments and Nucleon Decay

Instr with Physics Dept is participating in a large scale (100 kton) liquid argon TPC study Demonstrate the feasibility of scaling

up by using cold electronics inside the LAr cryostat

Design the TPC field cage and wire planes to ensure uniform drift field and efficient signal sensing

Develop high speed data acquisition system for the LAr TPC

To solve the scaling up problem of constructing large scale detectors we are developing low noise low power CMOS based ASICs capable of operating at LAr temperature that combine low noise amplification analogdigital storage multiplexed output while leveraging our expertise in cryogenic electronics and low noise low power CMOS ASIC designThis work expertise in addition to the work on water cerenkov detector should place our Physics Dept in a position of a strong and highly desirable partner in the long baseline neutrino program

Instr staff 15

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

5

RampD for RHIC upgradesbull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to

existing RHIC systemsndash electronics for PHENIX time expansion chamber event

builder timing system and slow controls network ndash STAR silicon vertex detectorndash beam position monitor dets + readout electronicsndash CCD imager for hydrogen jet luminescence monitorndash detectors and electronics for CNI polarimeter

bull Instrumentation thrust will be in RHIC detectoraccelerator upgrades

ndash electronics for PHENIX Hadron Blind Detectorndash 2D position sensitive stripixel detector for

PHENIX vertex trackerndash detector and electronics designs for PHENIX

nosecone calorimeterndash sensitivity upgrade to H2 jet luminescence

monitor

bull Instrumentation staff facilities and expertise provide a resource for RHIC researchers involved in future upgrades

ndash gas and silicon detector simulation characterization and processing

ndash analog and digital electronics designndash advanced printed circuit and wirebonding facility

Nosecone calorimeter

Hadron blind detector

Single-sided 2D stripixel detector for VTX

g

Instr staff 19 (small fractions of FTEs with different expertise)

6

Temporal shaping of laser

Photocathode and Laser Technology for RHIC Present and FutureFuture RHIC programs require high current electron beams gt 50 mA (unpolarized e) for e-cooler and ~05 A (polarized e) for e-RHIC

Accurate assessment of spin polarization of the proton beam is important for various RHICprograms Optical imaging of the heavy ion and proton beams would provide a bettermeasurement of beam emittance and RHIC beam profile

The thrust of Instr efforts in this area will be inbull Research on Multialkali GaAs and Diamond

amplified high current photocathodesbull Optical imaging of hydrogen jetbull Optical imaging of Au and proton beamsbullLaser beam shaping for ERL e-cooler amp e-RHIC

Collaboration with CAD and AES

Instr staff 7

7

Time

Drift direction

Edrift ~ 500 Vcm

mip ionization ~ 6000 e‐mm

Liquid Argon TPC for Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments and Nucleon Decay

Instr with Physics Dept is participating in a large scale (100 kton) liquid argon TPC study Demonstrate the feasibility of scaling

up by using cold electronics inside the LAr cryostat

Design the TPC field cage and wire planes to ensure uniform drift field and efficient signal sensing

Develop high speed data acquisition system for the LAr TPC

To solve the scaling up problem of constructing large scale detectors we are developing low noise low power CMOS based ASICs capable of operating at LAr temperature that combine low noise amplification analogdigital storage multiplexed output while leveraging our expertise in cryogenic electronics and low noise low power CMOS ASIC designThis work expertise in addition to the work on water cerenkov detector should place our Physics Dept in a position of a strong and highly desirable partner in the long baseline neutrino program

Instr staff 15

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

6

Temporal shaping of laser

Photocathode and Laser Technology for RHIC Present and FutureFuture RHIC programs require high current electron beams gt 50 mA (unpolarized e) for e-cooler and ~05 A (polarized e) for e-RHIC

Accurate assessment of spin polarization of the proton beam is important for various RHICprograms Optical imaging of the heavy ion and proton beams would provide a bettermeasurement of beam emittance and RHIC beam profile

The thrust of Instr efforts in this area will be inbull Research on Multialkali GaAs and Diamond

amplified high current photocathodesbull Optical imaging of hydrogen jetbull Optical imaging of Au and proton beamsbullLaser beam shaping for ERL e-cooler amp e-RHIC

Collaboration with CAD and AES

Instr staff 7

7

Time

Drift direction

Edrift ~ 500 Vcm

mip ionization ~ 6000 e‐mm

Liquid Argon TPC for Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments and Nucleon Decay

Instr with Physics Dept is participating in a large scale (100 kton) liquid argon TPC study Demonstrate the feasibility of scaling

up by using cold electronics inside the LAr cryostat

Design the TPC field cage and wire planes to ensure uniform drift field and efficient signal sensing

Develop high speed data acquisition system for the LAr TPC

To solve the scaling up problem of constructing large scale detectors we are developing low noise low power CMOS based ASICs capable of operating at LAr temperature that combine low noise amplification analogdigital storage multiplexed output while leveraging our expertise in cryogenic electronics and low noise low power CMOS ASIC designThis work expertise in addition to the work on water cerenkov detector should place our Physics Dept in a position of a strong and highly desirable partner in the long baseline neutrino program

Instr staff 15

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

7

Time

Drift direction

Edrift ~ 500 Vcm

mip ionization ~ 6000 e‐mm

Liquid Argon TPC for Long Baseline Neutrino Experiments and Nucleon Decay

Instr with Physics Dept is participating in a large scale (100 kton) liquid argon TPC study Demonstrate the feasibility of scaling

up by using cold electronics inside the LAr cryostat

Design the TPC field cage and wire planes to ensure uniform drift field and efficient signal sensing

Develop high speed data acquisition system for the LAr TPC

To solve the scaling up problem of constructing large scale detectors we are developing low noise low power CMOS based ASICs capable of operating at LAr temperature that combine low noise amplification analogdigital storage multiplexed output while leveraging our expertise in cryogenic electronics and low noise low power CMOS ASIC designThis work expertise in addition to the work on water cerenkov detector should place our Physics Dept in a position of a strong and highly desirable partner in the long baseline neutrino program

Instr staff 15

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

8

LSST is the focus of BNLrsquos development of a research effort in astrophysics and cosmology

LSST is a dark energy experiment based on weak lensing and a unique 3-Gpixel camera

ndash fast optics for wide-field imaging (f125)

ndash fast cadence for rapid sky coverage (2s readout)

ndash broad spectral response (350-1100nm)

The worldrsquos largest imaging focal planendash 200 thick fully-depleted silicon CCDs

ndash highly parallel readout

ndash integrated front-end electronics

ndash ultra-flat mosaic assembly

BNL rolendash Lead institution for sensor developmentndash CCD modeling and characterization

ndash optical metrology

ndash integration and test of key focal plane building block

CAMERA

TELESCOPE

TOWER 3x3 CCDs = 144 Mpixels

Instr staff 12

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

9

Solid State Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation

The thrust of RampD and design efforts will be on

Si Diode Arrays ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

Silicon Drift Detectors - excellent energy resolution arrays for large solid angle

Silicon Pad Detectors ndash integrated with ASICs and wire bonding

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors - large area coverage with n2 pixels but only n readout channels

3D Silicon Detectors - greater Si depth for higher energy photons

Germanium Detectors - higher Z than Si higher photon energies

NSLSII will need advanced photon detectors particularly for extremely high photon rates and dynamic studies on time scales of ~ 10-9s and shorter which can be solved only by novel detector concepts This work will also be coordinated with JPSI activities Key areas at include X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microprobe Si diode arrays Si Drift Detector arrays Powder Diffraction One dimensional microstrip arrays Soft X-ray Microscopy Multi-element Si detector with custom pads

NSLSII applications will encompass the above and also include Small and Large Angle Scattering X-ray Protein Crystallography Biological and Biomedical Imaging

XAMPS ndash a new concept in high resolution Si-based X-ray detectors

Instr staff 24Collaboration Siddons group

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

10

180000 transistors

X-ray beam

sample

Silicon 384-pixel High Resolution x-ray Detector ~108 photonssec

High rate X-ray fluorescence detector with 384 pads

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

11

X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) - for very high photon rates

New concept developed at BNL 2002-3 see slide 33 for implementation details

Single pixel dynamic rangepulse ~ 104 photons at 8 keV

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

12

Optical Metrology RampD for NSLS IIbull Optical Metrology Lab has made major contributions to insure

the successful operation of NSLS beam linesndashDevelopment of surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have improved the figureand finish quality of reflective optics

bull Over 1000 (~500 at BNL) optical element evaluations logged in for measurement over past 20 years

ndashInvestigation of problems of mirror and monochromator performance with specialized test equipment and in situ techniques

ndashLong Trace Profiler (LTP) ihas become the de factointernational standard for synchrotron mirror metrology

bull For NSLS II coherence preservation of the x-ray beam will require extraordinary efforts to produce reflective optics with sub-nanometer figure and roughness error

bull Instr will support the NSLS II project in the following waysndashProvide expertise in the establishment of a metrology

laboratory for NSLS II opticsndashDevelop a Next-Generation Long Trace Profiler for

reliable 100nrad05nm measurements on 1 meter optics

ndashAssist in developing other metrology methods for high-resolution figure measurement over 2D surface area stitching interferometry at-wavelength metrology with Talbot gratings and phase retrieval techniques

ndashUse of in-situ LTP capability for beam line diagnostics

Surface profiler measures roughness of large SR mirrorsBNL LTP III measuring a

meter-long cylinder mirror

Improvement in mirror quality old mirror (red) without LTP new mirror (blue) with LTP metrology

Instr staff 6

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

13

The CFN is a science-based user facility with an overarching scientific theme for the development and understanding of nanoscale materials

The Instrumentation Division provides state-of-the-art instrumentationfor experimental research programs at BNL

How will Instr Core Competencies (Semiconductor Detectors Electronics and MicroNano Technology) complement the Center for Functional Nanomaterialsrsquos Scientific Program ndash With novel detector designs that enhance nanoscale characterization

New detector technology under internal development in Instrumentation since 2000 may overcome these limitations the Micro Pin Array (MIPA) gas detector that could be used for X-ray diffraction pattern acquisition at the NSLS and a CMOS-based direct electron detector for TEM STEM The increased sensitivity and acquisition speed of these detectors would greatly benefit two of the CFNrsquos scientific core programs Nanocatalysis (time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of chemical reactions) and Soft matter and Biomaterials (low-dose TEM imaging to minimize radiation damage in beam-sensitive materials)

A primary mission of the CFN is to characterize nanoscale materials and nanoparticles that are fabricated at the CFN Equipment used for this task include the 300 kV FEI Titan Environmental TEM and the 200 kV Hitachi HD2700C STEM in Bldg 735 and via the Contributing User Program various beam lines at the NSLS The quality of the data from these instruments are ultimately dependent on the detectors that are used to record images diffraction patterns or spectra formed with X-rays or electrons Current detection methods such as CCD cameras or image plates are restricted by acquisition time spatial resolution and minimum detectable limits

Micro Pin Array Detector First Test Results P Rehak G C SmithJ B Warren and B Yu IEEE Trans Nucl Sci47 2000 1426-1429

Direct Detectors of electrons for STEM and TEMPavel Rehak Joseph Wall and Yimei Zhu MicroscMicroanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

Staff 9

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

14

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray ImagingInstr contributions to BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- ASIC TDC DAQ for RatCAP- MRI input coils for 94T small animal imaging- PET-MRI for rodent brain dual-modality imaging - CZT-PET for high resolution mice brain imaging- Wrist Scanner for arterial input function

Project Fallout- RampD on RatCAP opened the door to dual-modality PET-MRI

Wrist Scanner hellip- New collaboration with U of Pennsylvania for whole body rodent

PET-MRI- Proposal for Breast PET-MRI with Aurora Imaging Technology Inc- NIH proposal for fMRI-PET Three US Patents

BNL Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging future plans- Biological Imaging (plants PET imaging)- Improved performances of PET systems- Electronics RampD for Time-of-Flight

- Improved SNR of images- Develop new instrument concepts (ASIC + detector) with

improved performance for scintillator APD-based systemsInstr core competences are vital components of future Medical and Gamma-Ray Imaging projects

- Low noise ASICs- DSP + DAQ- MRI RF input coil

ndash New photodetectors RampD (ex SiPM)Brain images from studies of a fully awake rat

RatCAP PET camera

Instr staff 18Collaboration Medical Physics Chemistry

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

15

Detectors for Homeland SecurityInstrumentation Division works closely with NNS Department Provides expertise in neutron X-ray amp gamma detectors

Provides expertise in electronics and microelectronics

Collaborations on detection of SNM and INDs

Enhances BNL efforts in securing DHS DTRA DOE funding

Excellent examples of fundamental studies leading to unexpected applications

Precision large area thermal neutron detectors coupled with

coded aperture masks for neutron point source identification

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Coded aperture masks used with position sensitive detectors

Source in trunk of car

Image of source

Areas of future thrust

Passive and active radioactivity sensing

Very large area neutron and gamma detectors

Advanced microelectronics for CZT detectors portable gamma-ray dets

Advanced fast neutron detection

Portable gamma-rayspectrometer based on

compressed xenon

Excellent energy resolution for isotope identification

Instr staff 1314

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

16

4 Instr Core Technologies

ldquodiverse technologies on the smallest possible scale to enable BNL to initiate and

pursue new programsrdquo

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

Semiconductor Detectorsbull Detector simulations and design

ndash 2d processing simulationndash 2d and 3d device simulation

bull 2d and 3d profiles of potential field carrier concentration etc

--- Mask designbull Class-100 clean room and detector processing

- All detector processing technologies except ion implantation

- Automatic wire bonding facility- Reactive ion etchingndash Laser wafer dicingndash Electrical and analytical testing facilities- Charge collection TCT with laser- Defect analysis current I-DLTS with laser

Laser wafer dicerRIE

Mask set of strip detectors for PP2PP experiment at RHIC

bullThis facility for detectors on high resistivity (~5-10kohm cm) silicon ndashno matter how small - is the only one in the US where researchers from DOE labs and universities have access to have prototypes and test devices designed and fabricated (no commercial source exists in the US)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

18

Gas and Noble Liquids Detectors

Some key applicationsParticle Detectors RHIC (PHENIX) ATLAS (CSCs)

X-ray Detectors NSLS (X1A number of scattering beam-lines) ANL PPPL

Neutron Detectors BNL-NNS ORNL LANL NIST ANSTO (Australia)

Future Plans

New micropattern techniques for electron multiplying structures

Solutions to high rate high dynamic range issues for RHIC

Techniques for ATLAS upgrades eg micromegas

Maintain a leading position in neutron

detector development for DOE user facilities

TPC ndash gas and liquid media see slide 6

X-ray transmission image of 15mm diameter gear wheel

using 2D MWPC

Curved wire frame for advanced MWPC

OctNovDec 2005 Mar 2006

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

19

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

In the past 10 years wedeveloped more than 30state-of-the-art ASICs

year 2000 2007technology 05 microm 018 micromchannels 16 128power 10 mWch 1 mWchMOSFETs 10000 600000functions analog mixed-signal

rms noise lt10e

128-ch ASIC for 3D Position Sensitive Detectors11mm x 8 mm 300000 transistors 1mWch

These high-complexity ASIC developments require sophisticated high-end CAD tools

Applicationsbull NPP

bull ATLAS (CSC LAr Muon)bull RHIC (PHENIX STAR)

bull Light Sourcesbull NSLS and NSLSII (EXAFS

powder diffraction microprobes holography)

bull National Securitybull portable and handheld gamma-

ray imagersbull Compton imagers for SNM

bull Medical Imagingbull PET PET-MRI wrist scanners

nuclear cardiology imagers bone densitometers prostate imagers

bull Astrophysics and Spacebull satellite elemental mappingbull navigation systemsbull balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

20

bull Instr has pioneered metal photo cathodes for highpeak current dc and rf injectors being used in variouselectron accelerator facilities world-wide

ndash ATF SDL LEAF SLAC ANL Japan France Chinandash Resulted in picosecond - femtosecond electron bunches

and highest peak power electron sources

bull Instr leads the development of photo cathodes andhigh average current superconducting RF injector

ndash Multialkali cathode in 703 MHz injector for e-cooling of RHICndash Superconducting photocathodes in 13 amp 15 GHz SRF

injector for high power FELsndash GaAs cathode in 13 amp 070 GHz SRF injector Polarized

electron source for eRHIC ILCndash Diamond amplified photocathode in 703 MHz SRF injector

for high current ERL e coolerndash Future high power light sources

Collaboration CAD NSLSJLAB SLAC DESY

Photocathode Research

Conceptual image of RF injector

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

21

bull Instrumentation contributes to various beam diagnosticsprograms at BNLndash RHIC luminescence monitor 2-D transverse beam

profile monitor for both proton and ion beamsndash RHIC polarimeter Si strip detectors and analog driving

electronicsndash Muon collider amp neutrino factory Benchmark study on

the viability of a proton target using a laser illuminatedhigh-speed imaging system

ndash SDL amp ATF Ultrashort (lt100 fs) electron bunch profileusing new electro-optical modulation technique

bull Instrumentation provides state-of-the-art technical andscientific expertise for research programs at BNLndash Ultrashort laser pulse measurement techniques for FELsndash Laser and transport systems for a number of accelerator

facilities including RHIC ATF and SDLndash Non-ionizing Multiphoton microscopy for future intiatives

such as biomedical imaging facilities and CFNfunctional imaging programs

Beam Diagnostics amp Utrafast techniques

24 GeV proton collided on 15 ms Hg jet in 15T field

RHIC luminescence monitor

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

22

Sequential Fabrication ProcessesSequential electromagnetic or electrostatic deflectionof focused electron beams or ion beams to pattern e-beam sensitive photoresist such as PMMA

Nanoscale Fabrication ProcessesBulk processes that deposit or remove atomic monolayers on a substrate that has been patterned with photoresist Examples include vacuum evaporationsputtering and deep reactive ion etching

Analytical InstrumentationSimultaneous imaging and measurement ofelectricalmechanical properties of nanoscale structures using SEM and X-ray silicon drift detector

Instr MicroNano Fabrication Facility employs state-of-the-art electron and ion beam patterning bulk nanofabrication and analytical methods to fabricate nanoscale structures and devices required by the BNL and the scientific community IOrsquos JEOL 6500

SEMrsquos e-beam lithography attachment usedto make Au electrodes with lift-off method to study I-V curvesof carbon nanotubes

IOrsquos deepreactive ion etcherused to fabricatemicro-scalegrating insilicon

Silicon wafers up to 6rdquo in diameter can beinserted in the specimen chamber andexamined with the JEOL 6500 SEM at 2 nm resolution

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

23

5 Core Technologies Evolution - Adaptation to BNL Science ProgramsYear Technique Key Scientific Core Technology Year Key Professional Hires

Hires (Diverse Areas of1948 DIVISION ESTABLISHED Expertise)1948 Gas detectors electronics1956 s transistor electronics for physics expts1960 First Si detectors nanosecond electronics1960 Positron emission tomography detector1965 Germanium detectors low noise electronics1973 LAr ionization chambers for calorimetry1976 Detectors for neutron scattering1979 Optical metrology Peter Takacs Lasers amp Optics 1978 James Kierstead1980 Electron microscopy MEMS John Warren Micro-Nano Technology1982 First synchrotron X-ray detectors Graham Smith GasNoble Liquid Det1983 Silicon drift detector invented Semiconductor Det1984 Cryogenic electronics Sergio Rescia Electronics 1984 Joe Harder1985 Lasers in accelerator technology Triveni Rao Lasers amp Optics1986 Si detectors for HEPNP Zheng Li Semiconductor Det 1986 Neil Schaknowski1986 Gas detectors for heavy ion physics Bo Yu GasNoble Liquid Det1987 Long Trace Profiler Lasers amp Optics1988 Tom Tsang Lasers amp Optics1990 Monolithic low-noise circuits Paul OrsquoConnor Electronics1993 LAr LKr ionization chambers SSC LHC 1993 Joe Mead1994 Pavel Rehak Semiconductor Det 1994 Don Makowiecki1994 Nanostructures Micro-Nano Technology 1994 Anand Kandasamy1997 Deep sub-micron low-noise circuits Gianluigi DeG Electronics 1997 Jack Fried Shinan Qian2000 Ultrafast optical techniques Lasers amp Optics2001 John Smedley Lasers amp Optics 2001 Sachin Junnarker2002 Neutron detectors for homeland security GasNoble Liquid Det 2002 Jean-Francois Pratte2003 Small animal imaging Electronics2004 Silicon detectors for synchrotron radiation Semiconductor Det 2004 Emerson Vernon2005 LSST Electronics2006 Beam diagnostics Lasers amp Optics 2007 Ivan Kotov

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

24

6 Examples of ldquoReturn on InvestmentrdquoA key element in most cases At the time of an investment in instrumentation RampD the science

program or project that made use of the development had not been initiated

Liquid Argon Calorimetry (1973)Has become a high resolution calorimetry technique for HEP Used in many experiments at CERN DESY

SLAC This development significantly increased BNL role in LHCATLAS and may lead to a role in future neutrino dets

Low Noise Techniques (1975)Fundamental studies for optimized front-end electronics circuit techniques now utilized in all ASICs for detectors

Optical Metrology (1983)Critical non-contact measurement techniques for precision aspheric optics for NSLS

Silicon Drift Detectors (1983)Seen as one of most dramatic developments in Si detectors immense impact in X-ray science HEP NP

Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers CSCs (1984)Developed for multi-wire x-ray detectors resulted in increased BNL role in PHENIX and ATLAS

MicroNanofabrication (1990)MEMS and EM development expertise used in clean room design for CFN

Photocathodes (1990)The highest current electron sources for accelerator research and FELs

ASIC support of BNL scientific programs (2000) ndash a critical enabling technology for many programsExamples not possible without ASICs Si detectors for NSLS LEGS TPC RatCAP new neutron sensors CZT dets

Beam Diagnostics (2006)Novel beam profile measurements for RHIC and other accelerator facilities

Further descriptions of this non-exhaustive list are in the Appendix

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

25

From test bench to experimental hall1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

HELIOS

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

26

From test bench to experimental hall

Nob

le li

quid

Ramp

D1973

1980

2000

BooNE

NA48

2010

R806

D01990

ATLAS

The experiments in turn feed information back into the RampD process

HELIOS

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

27

7 Ingredients for success Collaboration with lead scientistsKey to a successful collaborationproject are the lead scientist(s) in the field

and the diverse expertise from within the DivisionExamples of successful collaborations Development of RatCAP

Medical Dept David Schlyer Paul Vaska Physics Craig Woody + 9 Instr staff Development of ATLAS detectors

Physics Dept Francesco Lanni David Lissauer Vinnie Polychronakos + 11 Instr staff Advanced X-ray detection techniques

NSLS Dept Peter Siddons + 11 Instr Optical metrology of grazing incidence mirrors

NSLS Dept Beamline scientists + 2 Instr X-ray detectors for soft x-ray microscopy

NSLS Dept SBU Chris Jacobsen Janos Kirz + 9 Instr Position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors for homeland security

NNS Dept Peter Vanier + about 6 Instr personnel + microelectronics ( LSST focal plane sensors

Physics Dept Morgan May (Sam Aronson) + 7 Instr DOErsquos OBER neutron detectors for protein crystallography

LANL Benno Schoenborn + 9 Instr DOErsquos BES neutron detectors for SNS

ORNLSNS 6 Instr Some more examplesSTEM Joe Wall Biology SDLATF Ilan Ben-Zvi CAD Beam Diagnostics for RHIC Dejan Trbojevic CRADAs Symbol eV Products Photo-injectors DESYJLAB

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

28

Instr Staff

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative amp Bldg management

4 3 75 1 25

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

29

bull Software Tools for ASIC DesignEssential to maintain our forefront position in low noise microelectronics

bull Strategic Hires in MicroelectronicsMicroelectronics experts (PhD level) difficult to retain In the last year two young staff lost to Fermilab and SLAC (both labs have superior design tools)

bull Upgrade of Laboratory Space in Bldg 535We received no support from ldquoISBrdquo or ldquoRenovation of Science Labs IIrdquo initiatives despite our proposals being widely acknowledged as justified and excellent Desperately need renovation of a critical lab space

bull GPE funds have historically provided for all of the equipment in our labs If GPE goes hellip

Instr Main Future Thrustsbull X-ray detectors for photon science

bull detectors for electron microscopy

bull medical instrumentation program

bull photocathodes for RHIC and photon sources

bull optical metrology for NSLS-2

bull detectors and microelectronics for HS programs

bull detectors for RHIC HEP and cosmologyCritical Needs

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

30

Appendix A

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

31

Detector RampD for ATLAS upgradebull Instrumentation Divisionrsquos major contributions to the present

ATLAS experimentndash electronics for liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeterndash electronics for forward muon cathode strip chambersndash radiation test facility for detector and electronic components

bull The sLHC project will increase the colliderrsquos luminosity by a factor of 10 To deliver the same level of performance with ten times higher rates and radiation levels detectors must be significantly upgraded An international RampD program is underway to address these detector challenges taking advantage of new technologies that have emerged since the initial detectors were designed

bull BNL plans to participate in the upgrade of the ECAL muon and inner silicon detector

bull Instrumentation supports this effort through the following activities

ndash fundamental studies of radiation damage in siliconndash simulation studies of 3D pixel detectorsndash proposed mini-strip detector for intermediate tracking layerndash stave design for integrated tracker support and servicesndash power distribution technologiesndash front-end ASIC design for LAr calorimeter SiGe technologyndash bulk micromegas fabrication for forward muon detectorndash new CMOS ASIC for muon micromegasndash radiation test of new detector components

bull Instrumentation expertise in semiconductors and microelectronics will be of critical importance to the upgrade program

ndash silicon detector simulation characterization and processingndash low-noise analog ASIC designndash radiation-tolerant and cryogenic electronicsndash advanced printed circuit facilityndash high dose-rate ionizing radiation facility

Luminosity=1034

Luminosity=1035

Large area micromegas detector

Low-noise rad-hardCMOS ASIC

Multilayer circuit board

3D silicon detector simulation

Instr staff

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

32

Example of Return on Investment Interpolating Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC)

The Interpolating Cathode Strip Chamber concept was developed in the Gas Detector Group from the late 1980s to improve the position resolution and linearity of existing 1D and 2D x‐ray imaging detectors

It is straight forward to implement particularly on large detectors It provides high position resolution and linearity without increasing the number of electronic channels

This technology was adopted by the ATLAS Muon System enabling the Physics Department in BNL to play a leading role in the design and construction of the ATLAS inner endcap muon chambersThe same concept has also be used in the endcap muon system in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL and the CMS Experiment at CERN

CSC Chambers mounted on a ldquosmall wheelrdquo in the ATLAS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the first CSC Chamber in the CMS Experiment at CERN

Installation of the CSC Chamber in the PHENIX Experiment at BNL

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

33

HISTORY

bull Invented and developed at Instrumentation Division (Radeka Willis 1974)

bull Instrumentation pioneered fast (lt100ns) low noise readout of LAr detbull First cryogenic preamplifier for LAr (Helios 1986) bull Developed LKr calorimeters for SSC bull Major realizations

R807ISR Helios-NA34 NA31 D0 H1 SLD etc LKr (CERNNA48) - 13000 BNL designed cryogenic preamps

PRESENT

Expertise in LAr detectors (and gas chambers) led to a leading role for BNL in the US-ATLAS collaboration Major contributions bullFaraday cage concept for chamber and electronicsbullCryostat bull Preamplifier design and production bull Rad-Hard power supplies for EM Hadronic Forward calorimeters bull Physics analysis computing etc (Physics Dept)

FUTURE

bull ATLAS LAr upgrade bull Future neutrino detectors

MicroBoone5kton Neutrino detector DUSEL Larger neutrino and proton decay detectors

bull e-Bubble noble-liquid detector

Return on Investment Case Study Noble Liquid Detectors

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

34

Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)The silicon drift detector is a product of RampD in detectors and widely regarded as one of the most significant developments in silicon detector technology

Invented in the in 1983 by Emilio Gatti and Pavel Rehak

Novel principle charge carriers drift in a long narrow channel in the plane of the wafer ndash device provides excellent timing and low capacitance

Solved long-term problem of accurate positionenergy measurements with reduced number of readout channels count

Successful concept and development has led to other novel devices eg deep depletion CCDs (flown on XMM mission)

a

Major impacts in Office of Science research interests

Used in both fundamental and applied research for particle tracking and X-ray spectroscopy

Position-sensing element in high energy and heavy ion experiments

CERES experiment at CERN ALICE experiment at CERN

STAR experiment at RHIC (Silicon Vertex Tracker)

Arrays of SDDs used for high rate high resolution fluorescence in synchrotron science

Growth of SDDs as high resolution x-ray detectors in commercial electron microscopes

Space science applications ndash low power large angular coverage

STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker

SDD array for NASA

SDDs now used in commercial EMs

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

35

How ASIC RampD supports BNL Scientific ProgramsNew generation detectors (high multiplicity high complexity)need ASICs (low-noise low-power high functionality and sparsification)

Our intensive ASIC RampD program hellipndash develop state-of-the-art low-noise mixed-signal ASICsndash keep pace with technology in integrated circuits

bull must produce several ASIC prototypes per yearbull must collaborate with other institutions labs and industrybull must use high-end industry-standard CAD tools

hellip responds to needs of BNL scientistsndash with relatively short turnaround (1-2 years)ndash with small numbers of prototype cycles (1-3)

Examples where ASIC RampD has been pivotal in developingnew classes of instruments

ndash Si based detectors for NSLS experimentsbull high-rate photon-counting ASIC dev 30 months two proto-cycles

ndash GEM based TPC for LEGS experimentbull energy and timing ASIC dev 16 months two proto-cycles

ndash RatCAP for conscious animal PETbull timing ASIC dev 30 months three proto-cycles

ndash Unity-gain 3He detector for neutron scattering experiments bull energy and timing ASIC dev 20 months one proto-cycle

Examples of ASIC developments extended to other programsndash CZT PET imager (Medical Dept) adopted two ASICs developed in

collaborations with industryndash Portable gamma-imager (NNS Dept) adopted four ASICs

developed in collaborations with NRL DHS and industry

Detector for NSLS 384 pixels

RatCAP camera 384 pixels

Anode board for LEGS 8000 pads

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

X-ray Active Matrix Pixels Sensor

IBM fabrication is based on PMOS technologyusing 200 mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) waferThe sensor has a pixel size of 60 μm is 725-μmthick and the prototypes are square matrices withn rows and n columns with n=32 64 128 256512 1024 Thinned wafers (500 μmand 600 μm) are beingcharacterized at BNL

State of the art of CMOStechnology

RampD line versatile dynamicand open collaboration

Numerous devices can beproduced in a run

No detector culture at IBM

Not a basic science labdifferent perception ofproblems

Two types of X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated for the XPP instrumentof the LCLS (SLAC) one was fabricated at Brookhavens Instrumentation Division the other was fabricated atIBMs T J Watson Research Center

Device side

Window side

Pixel detailDetail of a pixel

Device side

Window side

BNL fabrication is based on JFET technology using 100mm high resistivity (~6 kΩcm) wafer The sensor hasa pixel size of 90 μm is 400 μm-thick and theprototypes are square matrices with n rows and ncolumns with n=16 32 64 128 256 512 Theproduction of prototypes (n up to 1024) on 150 mmwafer isbeing developed

Valuable detector background

Full control on fabrication with

feedback for design and directresponsibility on deliverables

Working devices produced

Limited resources and updated

technology

- Need lab space renovation

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

37

Areas of expertisebullCryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers

ndash developed for LAr amp LKr calorimeters and TPC

ndash low-noise low-power radiation hardndash Cryogenic ASIC (monolithic JFET CMOS)

bullSQUID-based detectors (Liquid He)ndash unique requirementsndash high order gradiometer for magnetic field

rejectionndash fast (100s) detection of single quantum

flux change by leveraging Instrumentation expertise on particle detectors

Applicationsbull CERN

ndash Helios-NA34 LAr calorimeter (first cryogenic preamplifier)

ndash NA48 LKr calorimeter (gt15000 channels)ndash ATLAS tests

bull Fermilabndash Large LAr Neutrino Detectors

bull BNLndash Magnetic Monopole searchTechnologies

bull Printed circuit boards or ceramic hybrids for low temperature

bull Component selection for low T (tolerances thermal expansion purity etc)

bull Equipment for low temperature testing (varying T)

bull Vacuum feedthrough for cryo operationbull Materials and fabrication technologies to

avoid impurities (part per billion requirement for TPC)

Cryogenic Electronics and Special Detectors

Dual Cryogenic Preamplifier for LAr using a monolithic JFET preamplifier IC

Quad cryogenic preamplifier for Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Gold-plated wire for MicroBoone TPCSEM microphotographs for low T studies and details of wire holder

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

38

High Speed AD High Multiplicity Real-Time Signal Processor and Recorder

bull Joint development between Instrumentation Div core engineer team and Physics Dept scientists

bull Featuresndash Real-Time analog signal conditioningndash High Speed (14-bit 65MSPS) high multiplicity ndash (64 channels) waveform recorderndash Digital Signal Filtering and Processingndash on-board 2GB DDR2 memory G-bit Ethernet Interfacendash High speed (40Gbps) digital optical interfacendash Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA based architecture with PowerPC core

bull Applicationsndash Wide Range of High Energy and Nuclear Physics experiment Data Acquisition (DAQ)

systems LHC Atlas experimental upgrade programs Long Baseline Neutrino experiments Dark Matter searches

ndash Fast Imaging reconstruction system for biological sampling at light source facilitiesndash Nuclear Medicine Imaging System readout interface (PET MRI and X-ray tomography)ndash Interface to Multi-channel IQ demodulators for base station system receivers in

communication industries

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

39

Optical Metrology Return on Investment

bull Poor quality of aspheric optics delivered for use in early NSLS beam lines severely compromised the quality of the source

ndash Surface roughness produced excessive scattered light in monochromators

ndash Large figure error resulted in significant broadening of focal spotsndash Loss of flux when only small a region of mirror surface produced a good

image bull Conventional optical metrology proved to be inadequate for measurement of

grazing incidence aspheric opticsndash Non-contact optical profilometry proved to be ideally suited for

measuring surface properties of large cylindrical aspheresndash Power Spectral Density statistical interpretation of figure and finish

error resulted in ISO ASTM and SEMI standards for specification of high-performance optical surfaces

bull Used extensively in NIF project at LLNL for optics procurementbull Optical Metrology Lab (OML) developed surface profiling instruments and

measurement techniques that have resulted in significant improvement in x-ray mirror fabrication technology world-wide

ndash Long Trace Profiler development at BNL resulted in CRADAs with Continental Optical and Ocean Optics for development of commercial instrument

ndash RampD 100 and Photonics Circle of Excellence awards FLC awards for technology transfer

ndash Most major SR facilities worldwide and several manufacturers now have LTPs

bull Current SR mirrors are now made routinely with lt05 microrad slope errors a significant advance over the 10 microrad tolerances that were acceptable 20 years ago

bull BNL metrology capabilities have made it possible to consider developing beam lines with mirrors for 4th generation coherent x-ray and FEL sources

Long Trace Profilers now in use at many locations around the world

LTP II developed in collaboration with LBL and Continental Optical Corp

Si cylinder mirror PSD measured with LTP and microrougness profiler Surface exhibits fractal power law behavior over 4 decades of

spatial frequencies

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

40

Photocathode RampD in the Instrumentation Divisionplays a pivotal role in the development of photo-injectors These cathode materials and theirpreparation techniques are used in various DoEFacilities and Universities around the world

Photocathodes

bull Instrumentation Div is the pioneer of the metalphotocathodes that are the work-horse of various lowemittance high brightness electron accelerator facilitiesworld-wide

bull Instrumentation is exploring now other photocathodes suchas multialkali semiconductors superconducting metals anddiamond electron amplifiers Such cathodes will beused in high-average current superconducting photoinjectorsfor polarized and unpolarized electrons world-wide

bull Photocathode development led to 3 patents and 3 CRADAs

Spring-8

ATF SDL LEAF

SLAC

ANL

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

41

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser development instrumentationand scientific expertise for past presentand future research programs at BNL

Ultrafast Optical Techniques

bull Instr discovered a nonlinear optical technique ndashthird-harmonic generation at interface

bull It is a leader in a novel ultrashort light pulsemeasurement technique ndash S-THG FROG (theshortest pulse available in our lab of 12fs wasmeasured)

bull Instr originated a new area of non-ionizingmultiphoton microscopy This technique has beenused to highlight membranes and cell interfacesand will benefit the biomedical imagingcommunity and the future CFN functionalimaging programs

U StrathclydeLaser Focus Worldcollagen fibers

Ecole PolytechniqueNature Methods Lipid embryo

THG FROG light pulse

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

42

The Laser Laboratory provides state-of-the-art laser developmentinstrumentation and scientific expertise for research programs atBNL

RHIC Beam Diagnostics

bull Ccontributed in the first calibration of the opticalinstruments at the RHIC hydrogen jetpolarimeter using fluorescence

bull Instr leads in the development of a novel 2-Dtransverse beam profile monitor for both protonand Au ion beams using fluorescence

Collaborators CAD

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

43

MicroNanofabrication Return on Investment

Interaction with Industry via CRADArsquos(1 patent available for license)

Lockheed-Martin CRADA to DevelopMulti-Axis Accelerometer Using MEMS

and High Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Standard MEMS CRADA to DevelopHigh Aspect Ratio Microfabrication

Interactions with NSLS(1 patent pending)

Work with Lisa Miller and colleagues to develop grating using optical lithography

Work with K Evans-Lutterodt et al to develop hard X-ray optics using deep reactive ion etching

CFN Clean Room Design by IO Staff(John Warren amp Don Elliott)Design Construction andEquipment Choice for 5000 sq ft clean

room for the Center For Functional Nanomaterials from 2004-2007Clean Room Equipment Cost ~ $5000000

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

44

Version II fabricated by G Carini (NSLS) in IOrsquos Solid State Detector Lab additionalexperiments planned in CFN clean room

bull Electronic readout for Version II being completed by P Siddons A Dragone and J-F Pratte (NSLS amp IO)

bull JEOL 1200 EX Transmission Electron microscope (Joe Wall - Biology) equipped bullfor both TEM and STEM detection modes will be used as a test bed for the IO electron detector program

Version II- 32 x 32 array tested at NSLS- much improved leakage current

over Version I- 512 x 512 array image acquisition

possible

JEOL 1200 EX TEM in Biology

Instr Detector Program for electron microscopy Current Status

Version IDirect detectors of electrons for STEM and TEM P Rehak J Wall and Y Zhu Microsc Microanal 11 (Suppl 2) 2005 470-471

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

45

Appendix B

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

46

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

47

Work for non-DOE sponsors

bull Our researchersrsquo work is held in high regard by the community and we receive unsolicited requests for help solving challenging technical problems When the problem is well matched to our research interests and expertise we may set up formal or informal collaborative arrangements (Co-investigator CRADA WFO)

bull Some projects includendash high-resolution x-ray detector for NASA lunar mapperndash electronics for medical bone densitometer ndash optical profilersndash wireless data linkndash multimodal prostate imagerndash bar code scannerndash electronic front ends for nuclear contraband detection

bull These programsndash allow us to benchmark our work against that of prominent experts outside the DOE

complexndash expose us to important techniques practices and trends in ldquoreal-worldrdquo applicationsndash bring royalty income to BNL when industrial partners take license to patented BNL

technologyndash However these programs do detract from supporting BNL science programs

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

48

FY08 FY09

6601699 7176691

387000 50000

22070

450000 235000300000 400000

420000 428000

420271 33418 Est $300K additional

922494 1427827

KA

KC

KP

GampA

LDRD

Royalty

Operating

Work for Others

GPE

Funding Staff Breakdown and Fiscal Targets

Sources of Funding

FTEs

GampA 2842 66

LDRD 200 5

Org Burden 414 10

DOE Operating 316 7

BNL and WFO 517 12

Total 43

Staffing Levels Women Minorities

Scientific 17 1 6 5 29

Engineering 11 4 36

Technicians 11 1 9

Administrative 4 3 75 1 25

Expenses FY08GampA Procurement

Salaries

SpaceFuel Def Maint

Cen Allocs

ComMisc

MST

Cen-Recharge

Pur-Labor

All Other Projects

Cen Rechg

Space Fuel Def MaintComMisc FCR

Pur-Lab

Foreign Trvl

Salaries

Matl

Labwide OH

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)

49

Instrumentation Division FY09 Total Spending Profile

Based on GampA Target $72M + $14M in Projects amp GPE (~2M incl Lab Overhead)

Labor67

MST4

Communications1

ITD 3

Recharge2

SpaceFuelDef12

Burdens5

GPE6

Recharge includes Bldg Maintenance Central Shops FSS Support GPE (Capital Equipment Overhead)

What we need

bull Incremental Request MST (incl Cadence) 1 FTE (Microelectronics) Total ~$700K bull GPE (Capital Equipment) ~$900K (allocated to us $618K wburdens)

(Software Maintenance 62 )25)