3. Indonesia

8/17/2019 3. Indonesia

1/21

INDONESIAN COUNTRY REPORTINDONESIAN COUNTRY REPORTON TRADITIONAL MEDICINEON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

M. Hanafi, Nina A, Zorni Fadia, NurbaitiM. Hanafi, Nina A, Zorni Fadia, Nurbaiti

INDONESIA

http://images.google.co.kr/imgres?imgurl=www.library.wisc.edu/guides/SEAsia/images/find1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.library.wisc.edu/guides/SEAsia/internet/Indon.html&h=144&w=211&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflag%2B%252B%2Basia%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dko%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%


2/21

TRADITIONAL MEDICINES

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• The traditional herbal system of medicine has been used since

ancient times

• Most of the developing countries and in particular those situated inthe tropical belt such as Indonesia constitute richest store house of

medicinal plants

• Only a few of these countries have been able to organize proper

system of research and development for exploitation, conservation

or industrial use of these plants.

• The indiscriminate export and exploitation by private traders of

valuable raw materials also creates ecological imbalance

• Indonesian government has in view of its importance, identifiedmedicinal plants as a priority area of the country’s program.


3/21

Indonesia is known as a country witha megadiversity of biological species

as well as the megacenter for world biodiversity

Indonesia possess:Indonesia possess:

10%10% of world’sof world’s flowering plant speciesflowering plant species 12% of world’s mammal species12% of world’s mammal species

16% of world’s reptile and amphibian species16% of world’s reptile and amphibian species

17% of world’s bird species17% of world’s bird species

25% of world’s fish species25% of world’s fish species

15% of world’s insect species15% of world’s insect species


4/21

Indonesia forest and marine contenta huge of biodiversity:

Almost 30,000 plants of herbal medicinalAlmost 30,000 plants of herbal medicinal ApprAppr. 7,000 species known and have been. 7,000 species known and have been

used for medical purposesused for medical purposes

About 250 species used in the traditionalAbout 250 species used in the traditional

herbal medicine,herbal medicine, Jamu Jamu, industries, industries

In 2003 a total of 9,737 items of herbal medicines hasIn 2003 a total of 9,737 items of herbal medicines hasbeen registered, which include 1,093 items importedbeen registered, which include 1,093 items importedproductsproducts


5/21

Trend of Herbal Medicines inTrend of Herbal Medicines in

IndonesiaIndonesiaYear Year ModernModern

MedicinesMedicines

US $ (billion)US $ (billion)

HerbalHerbal

MedicinesMedicines

US $ (billionUS $ (billion

ContributionContribution

Herbal Med.Herbal Med.

%%

20032003 17.017.0 2.02.0 10.510.5

20052005 21.321.3 2.92.9 12.012.0

20102010

EstEst37.337.3 7.27.2 16.016.0

Source: BPPT 2005


6/21

Indonesian herbal medicines are usedIndonesian herbal medicines are usedbased on empirical practice: diseasesbased on empirical practice: diseases

preventive (48.9%), health promotion (22.47preventive (48.9%), health promotion (22.47%), diseases curative (21.78%) and the rests%), diseases curative (21.78%) and the restsare for cosmeticsare for cosmetics

•• According to Indonesian Medical Association According to Indonesian Medical Association(IDI) statements, herbal medicines will be(IDI) statements, herbal medicines will be

accepted formally by the conventional (Western)accepted formally by the conventional (Western)medical doctors if its safety and efficacy hasmedical doctors if its safety and efficacy hasbeen proved scientifically (current trendbeen proved scientifically (current trend

application, especially for degenerativeapplication, especially for degenerativediseases, certain viral infection, and cancer).diseases, certain viral infection, and cancer).


7/21

The categories based on their processingThe categories based on their processing

development:development:Herbal product falls into traditional medicinefalls into traditional medicine

(( jamu jamu)) when thewhen the process is simple and toxicityprocess is simple and toxicityevaluation is recommended (not compulsory)evaluation is recommended (not compulsory)..

Standardized extract preparationStandardized extract preparation when thewhen the

process is more complexprocess is more complex thanthan jamu jamu,, has beenhas beencontrolled chemically, and has a preclinicalcontrolled chemically, and has a preclinical

(toxicology, pharmacology) evaluation(toxicology, pharmacology) evaluation..

PhytopharmaceuticalPhytopharmaceutical when it has awhen it has a complexcomplex

process, preclinical and clinical evaluation forprocess, preclinical and clinical evaluation for

safety and efficacy insurance is a mustsafety and efficacy insurance is a must


8/21

PHYTOPHARMACYPHYTOPHARMACY

TRADITIONAL MEDICINESTRADITIONAL MEDICINES

WHICH HAVE BEEN PROVENWHICH HAVE BEEN PROVEN

SAFE, EFECTIVESAFE, EFECTIVE

QUALITYQUALITY

STANDARDIZEDSTANDARDIZED

MoH Decree No: 760 / 1992


9/21

PHYTOPHARMACYPHYTOPHARMACY

TENSIGARDTENSIGARD

PHYTODIARPHYTODIAR

RHEUMANEERRHEUMANEER

X GRAX GRA

STIMUNOSTIMUNO


10/21

TRADITIONAL MEDICINESTRADITIONAL MEDICINESMoHMoH Decree 246/Menkes/Per/V/1990Decree 246/Menkes/Per/V/1990

PROHIBITEDPROHIBITED

MIXED/COMPOUNDEDMIXED/COMPOUNDED

WITH MODERN MEDICINESWITH MODERN MEDICINES


11/21

Research and Systematization ofResearch and Systematization ofIndonesian Traditional MedicinesIndonesian Traditional Medicines


12/21

♣♣ Modern research on Indonesian herbal medicines in researchModern research on Indonesian herbal medicines in research

institutions, universities and industries:institutions, universities and industries:

♣♣

♣♣ PublicationsPublications

♣♣ All of these efforts are All of these efforts are dedicated to the development ofdedicated to the development ofIndonesian medicinal plantsIndonesian medicinal plants to be able to compete globallyto be able to compete globally

♣♣ International requirements such as onInternational requirements such as on GMP, GAP, GLP, ICHGMP, GAP, GLP, ICH--GCPGCP (The International Conference on Harmonization(The International Conference on Harmonization--GoodGood

Clinical Practice),Clinical Practice), Research Guidelines for Evaluating theResearch Guidelines for Evaluating theSafety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines, HACCPSafety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicines, HACCP, etc., should, etc., shouldbe followedbe followed

• Origin, • Distribution, • Resources, • Therapeutic usage,

• Process, • Quality, • Safety, • Efficacy


13/21

Nine medicinal plants of f irst priority forNine medicinal plants of first priority for

phytopharmaceuticalsphytopharmaceuticals

No.No. PlantPlant Medicinal UsesMedicinal Uses BioBio--marker marker

11

PsidiumPsidium guajavaguajava

Leaves:Leaves:

immunomodulator immunomodulator

Astringent Astringent

Traditional, MostTraditional, Most

famous preparationfamous preparation

for dengue treatmentfor dengue treatment

22

MorindaMorinda citrifoliacitrifolia

Fruit: AntiFruit: Anti--

hypertensionhypertensionLeaves:Leaves: Antidiabetic Antidiabetic

MorindoneMorindone

O

O

OH

OH

O

O

OH

HO

OGlc(1-6)-Glc

Morindin

OH

O

ORha

HO

OH O

OH

Quercitrin


14/21


33

SizygiumSizygium polyanthumpolyanthum

Leaves:Leaves:

Antidiabetic Antidiabetic

44

GuazumaGuazuma ulmifoliaulmifolia

Leaves:Leaves:

Antiobesity Antiobesity

CatechinCatechin andand FriedelinFriedelin

55

Zingiber Zingiber officinaleofficinale

Rhizomes:Rhizomes:

CarminativeCarminative

StomachicStomachic

StimulantsStimulants

GingerolGingerol

(CH2)nCH3

MeO

HO

O OH

OH

OH

HO O

OH

OH

OH

O

ORha

HO

OH O

OH

Quercitrin


15/21


66

CurcumaCurcuma domesticadomestica

Rhizomes:Rhizomes:

Antilipedemic Antilipedemic

Anti Anti--bacteria,bacteria,

cholagogumcholagogum

ImmunoImmuno--

stimulantsstimulants

CurcuminoidCurcuminoid

77

CurcumaCurcuma xanthorrhizaxanthorrhiza

Rhizomes:Rhizomes:

Hepatoprotector Hepatoprotector ,,

CholereticCholeretic,,

antiinflammationantiinflammation

CurcuminoidCurcuminoid,,

XanthorhizolXanthorhizol

88

Andrographis Andrographis paniculatapaniculata

Leaves:Leaves:

Antipyretic, anti Antipyretic, anti--ulcer,ulcer,

antidiabeticantidiabetic

Andrographolide Andrographolide (1),(1),

Neoandrographolide(2)Neoandrographolide(2)

O O

OMe

OH

MeO

HO

O

OH

O

OH

OH

(1)

O

OO

O

HO

HO OH

O

(2)

OH

O O

OMe

OH

MeO

HO


16/21

No.No. PlantPlantMedicinalMedicinal

UsesUsesBioBio--marker marker

99

CentellaCentella asiaticaasiatica

Aerial part: Aerial part:

Vasodilator,Vasodilator,

ImmunoImmuno--

stimulantsstimulants

Asiaticoside Asiaticoside andand MadecasolMadecasol

O

OH

HO

HO

O

O

HO

OH

HO

O

O

HO OH

OH

O

O

OH

OH

HO


17/21

IntelectualIntelectual PropertyPropertyRight ProtectionRight Protection


18/21

LIPI Convention on Biological DiversityConvention on Biological Diversity

(CBD)(CBD)

Signed in 1992.Signed in 1992. Indonesia ratified it through Law NoIndonesia ratified it through Law No

5/1994.5/1994.

States haveStates have sovereign rightssovereign rights over theirover theirown biological resources.own biological resources.

States are responsible forStates are responsible for conservingconserving theirtheirbiological diversity and for using theirbiological diversity and for using theirbiological resources in a sustainablebiological resources in a sustainable

manner.manner.


19/21

RELATED LAWS AND RULESRELATED LAWS AND RULESLIPI

Law No. 5/1990 regarding Conservation of NaturalLaw No. 5/1990 regarding Conservation of Natural

Resources and Its Ecosystems.Resources and Its Ecosystems. Law No.5/1994 regarding the Ratification of theLaw No.5/1994 regarding the Ratification of the

United Nations Convention on Biological DiversityUnited Nations Convention on Biological Diversity

Law No. 7/1994 regarding the Ratification ofLaw No. 7/1994 regarding the Ratification of TRIPsTRIPs..

Law No. 18/2002 regarding National System onLaw No. 18/2002 regarding National System on

Research, Development, and Application of ScienceResearch, Development, and Application of Scienceand Technology.and Technology.

All Indonesian IPR Laws.All Indonesian IPR Laws.


20/21

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Indonesia is a rich country biodiversity and traditional knowledIndonesia is a rich country biodiversity and traditional knowledgegeincluding theincluding the trationaltrational medicine. However, in the global era,medicine. However, in the global era,

the richness of biodiversity is not the determining factor forthe richness of biodiversity is not the determining factor for prosperity of the people. prosperity of the people.

Knowledge how to develop its biodiversity and traditionalKnowledge how to develop its biodiversity and traditionalknowledge is important. The key factor is how Indonesiaknowledge is important. The key factor is how Indonesiaability to convert knowledge into wealth and social goodability to convert knowledge into wealth and social goodthrough the process of innovation.through the process of innovation.

It is a must for Indonesia to work collaboratively also with otIt is a must for Indonesia to work collaboratively also with otherhercontriescontries in traditional medicine improvement.in traditional medicine improvement.


21/21

Thank you

Documents

3. Indonesia