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3 Es to Bridge RuralUrban Divide
Dr. Ajay Gupta
7/25/2019 3 Es to Bridge Urban Rural Divide
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Introduction
In the context of Rural Urban Divide
Framework – cause of divide
Role of 3 Es- Exposure, Education,Employment
Conclusion on gateways to bridge Rural-Urban
Divide
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Framework 1
Part A
Village to city experienceComparison with contemporaries
What brought about shift from one side toanother
Cause of the diide
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Framework Continued
Part B
!ow to bridge the di"erence # $xposure
%ormal educationApprenticeship in factory&'ob in a nearby town
(igration to towns• )reaking self inertia
• (igrating to cousins
*mall +age gets opportunity&exposure
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Framework 2
Two routes to $xposure
Autonomous ,nduced-nsatisfactory /ate0 Goernment
1G2s&,1G2s
(arket %orces
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Scope / Limitations
Government
nlimited Constraintslack of ownership
*kill leel of )32
Corruption
*truggle associated with new enterprise
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Scope/Limitations Continue
NGOs
Corruption
(indset of founder not aligned withemployees.
(anagement challenges in scalability
4oor 5uality employees due to low salaries.
!igher salaries not sustainable.
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Markets
(arkets hire skilled workforce in their own
interest.,ncome Generation possibilities from existing
skills.
*upply side6 millions of unskilled youth. 1o
3emand!ence6 lack of exposure lets the opportunity go
$ducation&Training has scope to impart skills.
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Scope/Limitations Continue
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Education/Training
3emand # !ealthcare6 4harma6 Construction6
%(CG6 ,nsurance6 )anking
$ducation&Training to impart skills*cope# $ducation from primary onwards.
$ducation /2,
78+ population contributes to 9:+ of G34.
(ore than ;<+ population hae nocontribution to G34
,magine possibilities if they had marketworthy skills
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Trained manpower-Supply increase
Wages reduce
4roduction goes up
o$mployee demand goes upoConsumer price reduction Consumer demand goes up 4roduction goes up further
$mployment goes up
,ncentie for manpower to get trained
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Effects on Economy
G34 goes up
$mployment increases(ore wage distribution
4er capita income goes up
*tandard of liing rises
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Employment
# Trained rural youth comes out of illage trap.
# ,ncreased capacity enables increase in wagesand options
# !igher family income%ood for %amily
)etter Clothing
)etter !ousing
$ducation of children
!ealth
Con=dence to redeem rights as an e5ual citi>en of thecountry
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Employment Continued
$mployment leads to further exposure.
pward spiral6 gradually bridging rban&/ural
gap
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Result
3 Es lead to*ustainable growth
nlike that of deelopment programmes
)ridging rban#/ural diide $xposure
$ducation $mployment
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3 Es Conclusion
Gie a man a =sh and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to =sh and you feed him for alifetime
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